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Coatings on Glass,9780444501035
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Coatings on Glass


Edition: 2nd
Author(s): Pulker
ISBN10:  0444501037
ISBN13:  9780444501035
Format:  Hardcover
Pub. Date:  3/29/1999
Publisher(s): Elsevier Science & Technology

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SummaryTable of Contents
This is the second, revised edition of a book that has already proved invaluable to a wide range of readers. Written by a scientist for scientists and technical people, it goes beyond the subject matter indicated by the title, filling the gap which previously existed in the available technical literature. It includes a wealth of information for physicists, chemists and engineers who need to know more about thin films for research purposes, or who want to use this special form of solid material to achieve a variety of application-oriented goals.

Includes a wealth of information for physicists, chemists and engineers who need to know more about thin films for research purposes, or who want to use this special form of solid material to achieve a variety of application-oriented goals.
Dedication v
Foreword vii
Preface ix
Author's Preface I xi
Author's Preface II xii
Introduction and History
1(6)
References
5(2)
Composition, Structure and Properties of Inorganic and Organic Glasses
7(33)
Glass-Forming Inorganic Materials
7(5)
Crystallite Theory
8(1)
Random Network Theory
9(1)
Phase Separation, Devitrification
10(1)
Glass Forming Organic Materials
11(1)
Crystalline and Amorphous Behaviour of Polymers
12(1)
Thermal Behaviour of Inorganic and Organic Glasses
12(2)
Mechanical Properties of Inorganic Glasses
14(1)
Chemical Properties of Inorganic Glasses
15(2)
Electrical Properties
17(2)
Optical Properties
19(2)
Materials Transparent in Ultraviolet and Infrared
21(3)
Photochromic Glasses
24(3)
Glass Ceramics
27(4)
Glass Materials for Advanced Technology and for Selected High Precision Applications
31(9)
Laser Glasses
32(1)
Glass Ceramics and Ultra Low Expansion Glass Optics
32(1)
Laser Gyroscopes
33(1)
Space Telescopes
33(1)
Large Ground-Based Optical Telescopes
34(1)
Glasses for Photonics
34(1)
Glasses for the Building Industry
35(1)
Thermal Insulation
35(1)
Noise Reduction
35(1)
Safety Improvement
36(1)
Fire Prevention
36(1)
Solar Protection
36(1)
References
36(4)
Nature of a Surface
40(20)
Characterization of a Surface
40(10)
Structure of a Surface
41(1)
Chemical Composition of a Surface
42(2)
Energy of a Surface
44(1)
Morphology of a Surface
45(2)
Interactions Solid/Gas and Solid/Solid
47(3)
Production of Glass Surfaces
50(10)
Drawing and Casting
50(1)
Pressing and Moulding
51(1)
Grinding and Polishing
52(5)
References
57(3)
Cleaning of Substrate Surfaces
60(13)
Cleaning Procedures
61(8)
Cleaning with Solvents
61(1)
Rubbing and Immersion Cleaning
62(1)
Vapour Degreasing
63(1)
Ultrasonic Cleaning
63(1)
Spray Cleaning
64(1)
Cleaning by Heating and Irradiation
64(1)
Cleaning by Stripping Lacquer Coatings
65(1)
Cleaning in an Electrical Discharge
66(1)
Cleaning Cycles
67(1)
Cleaning of Organic Glass
68(1)
Methods for Control of Surface Cleanliness
69(1)
Maintenance of Clean Surfaces
70(3)
References
71(2)
Glass and thin Films
73(30)
Correlation between Glass and Thin Films
73(2)
Adhesion between Substrate and Film
75(28)
Methods of Adhesion Measurement
77(1)
Mechanical Methods
78(2)
Non-Mechanical Methods
80(3)
Causes of Adhesion
83(1)
Interface Layers
83(1)
Types of Bonding
84(2)
Parameter Influencing Adhesion
86(1)
Coating and Substrate Materials
87(1)
Substrate Preparation
87(1)
Influence of the Coating Method
88(1)
Aging
88(1)
Practical Aspects of Adhesion Measurement
88(1)
Scotch Tape Test
89(1)
Direct Pull-Off Method
90(2)
Scratch Method
92(6)
Final Comments to Adhesion
98(1)
References
98(5)
Film Formation Methods
103(215)
Subtractive Methods
103(2)
Chemical Processes
103(1)
Surface Leaching
103(1)
Physical Processes
104(1)
High Energy Particle Bombardment
104(1)
Additive Methods
105(213)
Chemical Film Formation Processes
105(1)
Deposition of Metal Films from Solutions
105(2)
Deposition of Oxide Films from Solutions
107(1)
Immersion or Dip-Coating
107(1)
Formation, Structure, Optical and Mechanical Properties
107(14)
Coating Procedure
121(5)
Trends in Sol-Gel Development and Processing
126(1)
Spin Coating
127(1)
Deposition of Organic Films from Solutions
128(2)
Chemical Vapour Deposition at Low Temperatures
130(4)
Atmospheric-Pressure and Low-Pressure CVD
134(1)
Spray Coating
134(5)
Atmospheric-Pressure CVD
139(2)
Compound Films
141(3)
Metal Films
144(5)
Low-Pressure CVD
149(1)
Plasma-Activated and Photon-Activated CVD
150(1)
Plasma-Activated CVD
150(5)
Photon-Activated CVD
155(1)
Physical Vapour Deposition
156(1)
Vacuum Technology
157(4)
Vacuum Pumps
161(1)
Mechanical Displacement Pumps
161(4)
Diffusion Pumps
165(3)
Molecular Pumps
168(4)
Cryo Pumps
172(2)
High-Vacuum Process Systems
174(11)
Film Deposition by Evaporation and Condensation in High Vacuum
185(1)
Evaporation
186(4)
Energy, Velocity and Directional Distribution of the Vapour Atoms and Thickness Uniformity of the Films
190(15)
Efficiency of Energy and Mass
205(2)
Evaporation Techniques
207(7)
Transit of the Vapourized Species Through the Reduced Atmosphere
214(1)
Condensation and Film Formation
215(4)
Evaporation Materials
219(4)
Evaporation Plants
223(7)
Film Deposition by Cathode Sputtering
230(1)
General Considerations
230(5)
Sputtering Threshold and Sputtering Yield
235(4)
Ejection of other Particles and Emission of Radiation
239(1)
Ion Implantation
240(1)
Alterations in Surface Films, Diffusion and Dissociation
241(1)
Sputtering Rate
241(2)
Particle Velocity and Energy
243(1)
Angular Distribution
243(1)
Composition of the Sputtered Material
244(1)
The Gas Discharge
244(12)
State of the Art in Industrial Magnetron Sputtering
256(2)
Ion Beam Sputtering
258(1)
Thickness Uniformity and Mass Efficiency in Sputtering
259(3)
Sputtering Materials
262(3)
Sputtering Plants
265(1)
Comparison Evaporation and Sputtering
265(2)
Film Deposition by Ion Plating
267(1)
Characteristics of Ion Plating
268(6)
Advantages of Ion Plating
274(3)
Applications of Ion Plating
277(3)
Reactive Deposition Processes
280(1)
General Considerations
280(1)
Reactive Evaporation
281(5)
Activated Reactive Evaporation
286(4)
Reactive Sputtering
290(3)
Reactive Ion Plating
293(1)
Plasma Polymerization
294(6)
References
300(18)
Film Thickness
318(25)
General Considerations
318(1)
Methods Applicable to all Types of Films
319(5)
Interference Methods
319(4)
Stylus Methods
323(1)
Methods Applicable to PVD Films
324(13)
Optical Reflectance and Transmittance Measurements
324(4)
Oscillating Quartz-Crystal Microbalance
328(7)
Vapour-Density Measurement by Mass Spectrometry
335(2)
Trends in Monitoring Technology
337(6)
References
339(4)
Properties of Thin Films
343(86)
Structure
343(11)
Microstructure
354(10)
Chemical Composition
364(9)
Surface Analysis
364(3)
Depth Profiling
367(6)
Mechanical Properties
373(17)
Stress
374(11)
Hardness and Abrasion
385(4)
Density
389(1)
Chemical and Environmental Stability
390(4)
Optical Properties of Thin Films
394(19)
Relation between Density, Stress and Optical Film Properties
413(1)
Electro-Optical Materials and their Properties
414(15)
References
417(12)
Application of Coatings on Glass
429(82)
General Considerations
429(4)
Calculation of Optical Film Systems
433(4)
Antireflective Coatings
437(9)
Single-Layer Antireflection Coatings
437(3)
Double-Layer Antireflection Coatings
440(1)
Multilayer Antireflection Coatings
441(3)
Antireflection Coatings at Oblique Incidence
444(1)
Inhomogeneous Antireflection Coatings
444(1)
Applications of Antireflection Coatings
445(1)
Rear Surface Mirrors, Surface Mirrors and Beam Splitter Mirrors
446(21)
Rear Surface ACE Mirrors
447(1)
Metal Film Surface Mirrors
447(5)
Beam Splitter Mirrors
452(6)
Netural Density Filters
458(1)
Dielectric Mirrors
458(2)
Cold Light Mirrors and Heat Mirrors
460(3)
Laser Coatings
463(3)
Artificial Jewels
466(1)
Separation of Light by Filters
467(10)
Low- and High-Pass Edge Filters
467(5)
Band Pass Interference Filters
472(1)
Narrow-Band Filters
472(4)
Broad Band Filters
476(1)
Absorptive Coatings
477(5)
Eye Protection Coatings
477(1)
Photo Masks
478(2)
Scales, Reticles, Apertures
480(1)
Phase Plates
480(2)
Transparent Conductive Coatings
482(2)
Energy-Related Coatings
484(2)
Solderable Coatings
486(1)
Integrated Optics
486(10)
Integrated Optics Components
487(5)
Present Status and Trend
492(4)
Scientific Applications
496(15)
References
499(12)
Author Index 511(28)
Subject Index 539

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