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Chapter 1 The Structure of Materials: Overview |
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1 | (30) |
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1.1 Descriptors and Averaging |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (20) |
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5 | (6) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (3) |
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Structural Descriptors of Bonded Materials |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (1) |
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Polyatomic Covalently Bonded Molecules: Electron-Domain Theory |
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18 | (2) |
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Shape Diversity in Large Molecules and Macromolecules |
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20 | (2) |
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1.2.3 Coordination Number |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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1.3 Structure of Materials Roadmap |
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25 | (3) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Noncrystalline State |
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31 | (58) |
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35 | (8) |
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35 | (2) |
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2.1.2 The Glass Transition and Free Volume |
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37 | (2) |
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2.1.3 Pair-Distribution Function |
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39 | (4) |
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2.1.4 Symmetry of Glass Structure and Physical Properties |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (8) |
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2.2.1 Bernal's Random Close-Packed Sphere Model |
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44 | (4) |
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48 | (3) |
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51 | (12) |
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2.3.1 Brownian Motion and Diffusion |
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51 | (5) |
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2.3.2 Polymeric Glasses and Melts |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (3) |
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60 | (1) |
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Polymer Composition, Architecture and Tacticity |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (11) |
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65 | (4) |
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2.4.2 Thermosetting Polymers |
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69 | (3) |
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2.4.3 Chalcogenide Glasses |
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72 | (1) |
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Xerography: An Application of Noncrystalline Semiconductors |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (6) |
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2.5.1 Dilation Symmetry and Fractal Dimension |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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2.5.4 Diffusion-Limited Aggregation |
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77 | (3) |
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2.5.5 Fractals and Fracture |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (8) |
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Chapter 3 Crystalline State |
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89 | (124) |
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3.1 The Crystallography of Two Dimensions |
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91 | (35) |
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3.1.1 Translational Symmetry |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (2) |
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Primitive Cells, Multiple Cells, and Unit Cells |
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93 | (2) |
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Notation for Rational Points and Rational Lines |
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95 | (2) |
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3.1.2 Reflectional and Glide Symmetry |
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97 | (2) |
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3.1.3 Rotational Symmetry |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (2) |
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Limitation of Rotational Symmetries in Crystals due to Translational Periodicity |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (1) |
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Derivation of Plane Point Groups by Combining Reflections and Rotations |
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103 | (3) |
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General and Special Positions |
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106 | (1) |
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International and Schoenflies Symbols |
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107 | (1) |
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3.1.5 The Five Distinct Plane Lattices |
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108 | (1) |
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Plane Lattice Nets Arising from Crystallographic Rotation Axes and Translations |
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109 | (3) |
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Lattice Nets Arising from Mirror Lines and Translations |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (2) |
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Addition of Reflectional Symmetry to Plane Lattices |
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116 | (1) |
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The Seventeen Distinct Crystallographic Plane Groups |
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117 | (2) |
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3.1.7 The International Tables for Crystallography: Plane Groups |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (2) |
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Description of Two-Dimensional Patterns by Crystallographic Data |
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122 | (2) |
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Generation of Two-Dimensional Patterns from Crystallographic Data |
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124 | (2) |
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Summary of Information Concerning Plane Groups |
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126 | (1) |
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3.2 The Crystallography of Three Dimensions |
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126 | (53) |
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3.2.1 Symmetry Operations Unique to Three Dimensions |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (5) |
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3.2.2 Techniques for Three-Dimensional Spatial Relationships |
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135 | (1) |
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Rational Intercept Plane: Miller Indices |
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135 | (3) |
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Direction Common to Two Planes, Zone Axes, Weiss Zone Law |
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138 | (2) |
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140 | (3) |
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143 | (3) |
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3.2.3 Axial Combinations of Rotational Symmetries |
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146 | (1) |
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Simultaneous Rotational Symmetries |
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146 | (1) |
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Permissible Combinations of Rotational Axes in Three-Dimensional Crystals |
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147 | (4) |
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3.2.4 The Thirty-Two Crystallographic Point Groups |
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151 | (1) |
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Decomposition of Improper Rotation Axes |
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152 | (1) |
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Derivation of Point Groups by Adding Extenders to Permissible Axial Combinations |
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153 | (5) |
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Schoenflies Notation for the Crystallographic Point Groups |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (3) |
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Principles of Derivation by Stacking of Plane Lattices |
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162 | (4) |
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The Fourteen Bravais Lattices and Six Crystal Systems |
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166 | (2) |
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Conventional Unit Cells for the Crystal Lattices |
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168 | (2) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (2) |
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Derivation Method for Space Groups |
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172 | (1) |
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3.2.7 The International Tables for Crystallography: Space Groups |
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173 | (6) |
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3.3 Symmetry Constraints on Material Properties |
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179 | (10) |
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3.3.1 Transformation of a Vector |
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181 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Transformation of a Tensor |
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181 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Tensor Properties of Crystals |
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182 | (3) |
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3.3.4 Symmetry Constraints |
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185 | (4) |
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3.4 Hard-Sphere Packing and Crystal Structure |
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189 | (7) |
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3.4.1 Close-Packed Structures |
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191 | (3) |
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3.4.2 Interstitial Sites in Close-Packed Structures |
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194 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Close Packing in Ionic Compounds |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (5) |
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3.5.1 Aperiodic Tiling Patterns |
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197 | (4) |
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3.5.2 Icosahedral Structures in Crystals |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (11) |
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Chapter 4 Liquid-Crystalline State |
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213 | (36) |
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4.1 Structural Classes of Liquid Crystals |
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218 | (9) |
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220 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Twisted Nematic Phase |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (3) |
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226 | (1) |
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4.2 Descriptors for Liquid Crystals |
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227 | (6) |
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4.2.1 Pair-Distribution Function |
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227 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Orientational Order Parameter |
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228 | (3) |
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4.2.3 Translational Order Parameter |
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231 | (2) |
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4.3 Mesophase Texture and Identification of Liquid-Crystalline Phases |
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233 | (1) |
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4.4 Applications of Liquid Crystals |
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233 | (9) |
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233 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Liquid-Crystalline Fibers |
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235 | (2) |
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4.4.3 Liquid-Crystal Displays |
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237 | (2) |
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4.4.4 Next-Generation Flexible Liquid-Crystal Displays |
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239 | (3) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (6) |
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Chapter 5 Imperfections in Ordered Media |
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249 | (100) |
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251 | (20) |
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251 | (4) |
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255 | (2) |
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5.1.3 Point Imperfections in Molecular Crystals |
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257 | (3) |
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5.1.4 Mobility of Point Imperfections |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (3) |
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5.1.6 Point Imperfections in Ionic Crystals |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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Schottky and Frenkel Imperfections |
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265 | (2) |
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Imperfections Associated with Impurities |
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267 | (4) |
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271 | (42) |
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273 | (3) |
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Evidence for Dislocations |
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276 | (4) |
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Characterization of Dislocations: Tangent Vector and Burgers Vector |
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280 | (3) |
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Dislocation Motion by Slip and Climb |
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283 | (4) |
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287 | (3) |
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290 | (4) |
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Resolved Shear Stress on a Dislocation |
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294 | (4) |
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Elastic Energy of Dislocations |
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298 | (1) |
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Strengthening Mechanisms in Crystals |
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298 | (6) |
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Generation of Dislocations |
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304 | (3) |
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Dislocations in Columnar Crystals |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (6) |
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5.3 Surface Imperfections |
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313 | (27) |
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5.3.1 Surface Tension and Surface Free Energy |
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313 | (3) |
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5.3.2 Geometry of Grain Structures |
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316 | (2) |
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5.3.3 Equilibrium at Interfacial Junctions |
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318 | (3) |
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5.3.4 Structure of Crystalline Interfaces |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (2) |
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324 | (3) |
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327 | (5) |
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Interphase Grain Boundaries |
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332 | (2) |
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Grain Boundaries in Block Copolymers |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (4) |
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339 | (1) |
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5.4 Imperfections and Symmetry Breaking |
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340 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (8) |
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349 | (48) |
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6.1 Structural Hierarchies |
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350 | (7) |
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6.1.1 Structural Hierarchy in a Metal Forging |
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352 | (2) |
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6.1.2 Structural Hierarchy in a Semicrystalline Polymer |
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354 | (3) |
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6.2 Microstructures Arising from Special Processing |
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357 | (22) |
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6.2.1 Deformation Microstructures |
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358 | (1) |
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Deformation Processing and Crystallographic Texture |
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358 | (1) |
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Microstructures of Deformed Polycrystalline Materials |
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359 | (2) |
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Characterization of Textures: X-Ray Pole Figures |
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361 | (3) |
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6.2.2 Transformation Microstructures |
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364 | (1) |
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Solidification Microstructures |
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364 | (6) |
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Solid-Solid Transformation Microstructures |
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370 | (4) |
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Composite Microstructures |
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374 | (5) |
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6.3 Microstructural Case Studies |
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379 | (10) |
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6.3.1 Nickel-Base Superalloys |
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380 | (5) |
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6.3.2 Thermoset/Carbon-Fiber Composite Laminates |
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385 | (4) |
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6.4 Where Do We Go From Here? |
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389 | (2) |
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391 | (1) |
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391 | (2) |
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393 | (4) |
| Index |
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397 | |