| Conceptual Physical Science Photo Album |
|
x | |
| To the Student |
|
xi | |
| To the Instructor |
|
xii | |
| Acknowledgments |
|
xvii | |
| Prologue: About Science |
|
1 | (1) |
|
Mathematics and Scientific Measurements |
|
|
2 | (5) |
|
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
|
8 | (2) |
|
Science, Art, and Religion |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
Physics, Chemistry, Geology, and Astronomy |
|
|
12 | (3) |
| PART 1 Mechanics |
|
15 | (124) |
|
|
|
16 | (18) |
|
|
|
17 | (3) |
|
|
|
20 | (3) |
|
|
|
23 | (2) |
|
|
|
25 | (9) |
|
|
|
34 | (23) |
|
Newton's First Law of Motion |
|
|
35 | (4) |
|
Newton's Second Law of Motion |
|
|
39 | (8) |
|
Newton's Third Law of Motion |
|
|
47 | (10) |
|
|
|
57 | (24) |
|
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
|
58 | (4) |
|
|
|
62 | (2) |
|
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
|
66 | (4) |
|
Kinetic Energy and Momentum Compared |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
|
|
70 | (2) |
|
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
|
|
73 | (3) |
|
|
|
76 | (5) |
|
Gravity and Satellite Motion |
|
|
81 | (30) |
|
The Universal Law of Gravity |
|
|
82 | (5) |
|
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
Weight and Weightlessness |
|
|
88 | (2) |
|
|
|
90 | (7) |
|
|
|
97 | (6) |
|
Energy Conservation and Satellite Motion |
|
|
103 | (2) |
|
|
|
105 | (6) |
|
|
|
111 | (28) |
|
|
|
111 | (2) |
|
|
|
113 | (3) |
|
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
|
117 | (2) |
|
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
|
|
120 | (2) |
|
|
|
122 | (6) |
|
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
|
129 | (10) |
| PART 2 Heat |
|
139 | (60) |
|
|
|
140 | (21) |
|
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
|
|
142 | (2) |
|
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
|
|
144 | (3) |
|
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
|
|
148 | (13) |
|
|
|
161 | (20) |
|
|
|
161 | (2) |
|
|
|
163 | (4) |
|
|
|
167 | (4) |
|
|
|
171 | (1) |
|
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
|
|
174 | (3) |
|
|
|
177 | (4) |
|
|
|
181 | (18) |
|
|
|
181 | (2) |
|
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
First Law of Thermodynamics |
|
|
183 | (3) |
|
Second Law of Thermodynamics |
|
|
186 | (4) |
|
Energy and Changes of Phase |
|
|
190 | (4) |
|
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
|
|
195 | (4) |
| PART 3 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
199 | (48) |
|
|
|
200 | (27) |
|
Electric Force and Charge |
|
|
200 | (5) |
|
|
|
205 | (2) |
|
|
|
207 | (3) |
|
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
|
|
212 | (4) |
|
|
|
216 | (4) |
|
|
|
220 | (7) |
|
|
|
227 | (20) |
|
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
|
229 | (2) |
|
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
Electric Currents and Magnetic Fields |
|
|
232 | (2) |
|
Magnetic Forces on Moving Charges |
|
|
234 | (3) |
|
Electromagnetic Induction |
|
|
237 | (3) |
|
Generators and Alternating Current |
|
|
240 | (2) |
|
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
|
|
243 | (4) |
| PART 4 Sound and Light |
|
247 | (90) |
|
|
|
248 | (28) |
|
|
|
248 | (2) |
|
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
Transverse and Longitudinal Waves |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
|
|
252 | (2) |
|
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
|
|
255 | (2) |
|
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
|
|
257 | (2) |
|
|
|
259 | (4) |
|
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
Wave Barriers and Bow Waves |
|
|
264 | (2) |
|
Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom |
|
|
266 | (2) |
|
|
|
268 | (8) |
|
|
|
276 | (30) |
|
|
|
276 | (2) |
|
Transparent and Opaque Materials |
|
|
278 | (3) |
|
|
|
281 | (11) |
|
|
|
292 | (2) |
|
|
|
294 | (4) |
|
|
|
298 | (8) |
|
|
|
306 | (31) |
|
|
|
306 | (4) |
|
|
|
310 | (3) |
|
|
|
313 | (3) |
|
Total Internal Reflection |
|
|
316 | (3) |
|
|
|
319 | (8) |
|
|
|
327 | (10) |
| PART 5 The Atom |
|
337 | (60) |
|
|
|
338 | (20) |
|
|
|
338 | (2) |
|
|
|
340 | (3) |
|
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
|
344 | (2) |
|
Bohr's Planetary Model of the Atom |
|
|
346 | (3) |
|
|
|
349 | (3) |
|
Electron Wave-Cloud Model of the Atom |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
The Quantum Model: Atomic Orbitals |
|
|
353 | (5) |
|
The Nucleus and Radioactivity |
|
|
358 | (21) |
|
Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Rays |
|
|
359 | (3) |
|
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
Natural Transmutation of Elements |
|
|
366 | (3) |
|
Artificial Transmutation of Elements |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
|
370 | (3) |
|
Effects of Radiation on Humans |
|
|
373 | (6) |
|
Nuclear Fission and Fusion |
|
|
379 | (18) |
|
|
|
379 | (3) |
|
|
|
382 | (3) |
|
|
|
385 | (3) |
|
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (8) |
| PART 6 Chemistry |
|
397 | (134) |
|
Basic Concepts of Chemistry |
|
|
398 | (26) |
|
A Brief History of Modern Chemistry |
|
|
398 | (8) |
|
Physical and Chemical Properties |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
|
407 | (2) |
|
Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Compounds |
|
|
409 | (7) |
|
|
|
416 | (2) |
|
|
|
418 | (6) |
|
|
|
424 | (26) |
|
|
|
425 | (3) |
|
|
|
428 | (9) |
|
|
|
437 | (4) |
|
|
|
441 | (2) |
|
Chemical Bonding and the Periodic Table |
|
|
443 | (7) |
|
|
|
450 | (26) |
|
Types of Chemical Interactions |
|
|
451 | (6) |
|
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Special Properties of Water |
|
|
458 | (3) |
|
Surface Tension and Capillary Action |
|
|
461 | (2) |
|
|
|
463 | (13) |
|
|
|
476 | (31) |
|
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Energy and Chemical Reactions |
|
|
478 | (4) |
|
|
|
482 | (5) |
|
|
|
487 | (6) |
|
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions |
|
|
493 | (5) |
|
Atomic and Formula Masses |
|
|
498 | (3) |
|
Avogadro's Number and the Mole |
|
|
501 | (6) |
|
|
|
507 | (24) |
|
|
|
508 | (5) |
|
|
|
513 | (2) |
|
Non-Carbon Atoms in Organic Molecules |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
Alcohols, Ethers, and Amines |
|
|
516 | (4) |
|
Carbonyl-Containing Organic Molecules |
|
|
520 | (4) |
|
|
|
524 | (7) |
| PART 7 Earth Science |
|
531 | (144) |
|
|
|
532 | (37) |
|
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
|
|
534 | (6) |
|
Building Blocks of Rock-Forming Minerals |
|
|
540 | (2) |
|
|
|
542 | (8) |
|
|
|
550 | (10) |
|
|
|
560 | (3) |
|
|
|
563 | (6) |
|
Water and Surface Processes |
|
|
569 | (27) |
|
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
|
571 | (6) |
|
Groundwater and Topography |
|
|
577 | (3) |
|
|
|
580 | (2) |
|
|
|
582 | (5) |
|
|
|
587 | (9) |
|
The Earth's Internal Properties |
|
|
596 | (28) |
|
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
|
|
598 | (4) |
|
|
|
602 | (6) |
|
The Theory of Continental Drift |
|
|
608 | (5) |
|
The Theory of Plate Tectonics |
|
|
613 | (11) |
|
|
|
624 | (23) |
|
|
|
625 | (2) |
|
|
|
627 | (3) |
|
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
|
|
631 | (4) |
|
|
|
635 | (3) |
|
|
|
638 | (9) |
|
|
|
647 | (28) |
|
Evolution of Earth's Atmosphere |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
Composition of Earth's Atmosphere |
|
|
648 | (3) |
|
|
|
651 | (3) |
|
|
|
654 | (3) |
|
|
|
657 | (4) |
|
Evaporation, Condensation, and Precipitation |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
|
662 | (2) |
|
|
|
664 | (4) |
|
|
|
668 | (7) |
| PART 8 Astronomy |
|
675 | (72) |
|
|
|
676 | (24) |
|
|
|
677 | (4) |
|
|
|
681 | (3) |
|
|
|
684 | (4) |
|
|
|
688 | (7) |
|
Asteroids, Meteorites, and Comets |
|
|
695 | (5) |
|
|
|
700 | (21) |
|
|
|
704 | (1) |
|
|
|
705 | (2) |
|
|
|
707 | (4) |
|
|
|
711 | (3) |
|
|
|
714 | (4) |
|
|
|
718 | (3) |
|
Relativity and the Universe |
|
|
721 | (26) |
|
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
|
|
725 | (6) |
|
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
|
732 | (2) |
|
|
|
734 | (7) |
|
|
|
741 | (6) |
| Appendix I Systems of Measurement |
|
747 | (5) |
| Appendix II Exponential Growth and Doubling Time |
|
752 | (7) |
| Appendix III Vectors |
|
759 | (6) |
| Glossary |
|
765 | (18) |
| Photo Credits |
|
783 | (2) |
| Index |
|
785 | |