| Preface |
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xv | |
| chapter 1 Thinking Critically With Psychological Science |
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1 | (36) |
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1 | (10) |
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1 | (6) |
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7 | (4) |
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11 | (4) |
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What About Intuition and Common Sense? |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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How Do Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions? |
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15 | (12) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (3) |
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19 | (4) |
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Thinking Critically About: Hot and Cold Streaks in Basketball and the Stock Market |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (3) |
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Frequently Asked Questions About Psychology |
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27 | (4) |
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Tips for Studying Psychology |
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31 | (6) |
| chapter 2 Neuroscience and Behavior |
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37 | (32) |
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38 | (5) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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How Neurotransmitters Influence Us |
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40 | (3) |
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43 | (3) |
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The Peripheral Nervous System |
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44 | (1) |
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The Central Nervous System |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (12) |
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Lower-Level Brain Structures |
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46 | (2) |
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Close-Up: The Tools of Discovery |
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48 | (4) |
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52 | (6) |
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58 | (5) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (4) |
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63 | (6) |
| chapter 3 The Nature and Nurture of Behavior |
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69 | (30) |
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Genes: Our Biological Blueprint |
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69 | (1) |
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Evolutionary Psychology: Maximizing Fitness |
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70 | (5) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (3) |
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Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences |
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75 | (7) |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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Gene-Environment Interaction |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (8) |
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How Much Credit (or Blame) Do Parents Deserve? |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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Experience and Brain Development |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (4) |
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The Nature and Nurture of Gender |
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90 | (3) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (3) |
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Postscript: Reflections on Nature and Nurture |
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93 | (6) |
| chapter 4 The Developing Person |
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99 | (42) |
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Prenatal Development and the Newborn |
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99 | (4) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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Close-Up: How Do We Know What Infants See and Remember? |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (12) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (6) |
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110 | (5) |
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115 | (9) |
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115 | (2) |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (5) |
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124 | (10) |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (3) |
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129 | (5) |
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Reflections on Two Major Developmental Issues |
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134 | (7) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (6) |
| chapter 5 Sensation and Perception |
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141 | (46) |
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Sensing the World: Some Basic Principles |
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142 | (4) |
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142 | (3) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (10) |
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The Stimulus Input: Light Energy |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (3) |
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Visual Information Processing |
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150 | (3) |
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153 | (3) |
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156 | (9) |
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156 | (3) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (3) |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (2) |
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Body Position and Movement |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (10) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (5) |
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172 | (3) |
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Perceptual Interpretation |
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175 | (12) |
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Sensory Deprivation and Restored Vision |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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Thinking Critically About: Extrasensory Perception |
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178 | (9) |
| chapter 6 States of Consciousness |
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187 | (38) |
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187 | (2) |
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188 | (1) |
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Levels of Information Processing |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (14) |
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Biological Rhythms and Sleep |
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190 | (4) |
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194 | (4) |
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198 | (2) |
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200 | (3) |
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203 | (5) |
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204 | (2) |
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Explaining the Hypnotized State |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (17) |
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208 | (2) |
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210 | (7) |
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217 | (8) |
| chapter 7 Learning |
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225 | (32) |
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228 | (9) |
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228 | (5) |
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Updating Pavlov's Understanding |
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233 | (2) |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (11) |
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237 | (6) |
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Updating Skinner's Understanding |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (2) |
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Contrasting Conditioning Techniques |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (9) |
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249 | |
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Applications of Observational Learning |
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240 | (17) |
| chapter 8 Memory |
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257 | (36) |
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257 | (3) |
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258 | (2) |
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Encoding: Getting Information In |
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260 | (5) |
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260 | (2) |
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262 | (3) |
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Storage: Retaining Information |
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265 | (7) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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Storing Memories in the Brain |
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267 | (5) |
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Retrieval: Getting Information Out |
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272 | (3) |
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273 | (2) |
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275 | (6) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (3) |
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281 | (6) |
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Misinformation and Imagination Effects |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (1) |
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Children's Eyewitness Recall |
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284 | (1) |
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Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse? |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (6) |
| chapter 9 Thinking, Language, and Intelligence |
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293 | (48) |
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293 | (9) |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (2) |
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Making Decisions and Forming Judgments |
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296 | (2) |
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Thinking Critically About: Risks-Do We Fear the Right Things? |
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298 | (4) |
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302 | (13) |
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302 | (6) |
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308 | (3) |
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Animal Thinking and Language |
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311 | (4) |
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315 | (26) |
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The Origins of Intelligence Testing |
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315 | (2) |
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317 | (5) |
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322 | (2) |
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Close-Up: Extremes of Intelligence |
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324 | (2) |
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Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence |
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326 | (5) |
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Group Differences in Intelligence Test Scores |
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331 | (10) |
| chapter 10 Motivation |
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341 | (38) |
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341 | (4) |
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Instincts and Evolutionary Psychology |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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343 | (2) |
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345 | (12) |
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345 | (3) |
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348 | (1) |
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Obesity and Weight Control |
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349 | (1) |
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Close-Up: Eating Disorders |
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350 | (6) |
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Close-Up: Helpful Hints for Losing Weight |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (13) |
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Describing Sexual Behavior |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (2) |
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360 | (1) |
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361 | (3) |
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364 | (5) |
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369 | (1) |
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370 | (3) |
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371 | (1) |
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371 | (1) |
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Acting to Increase Social Acceptance |
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371 | (1) |
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Maintaining Relationships |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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373 | (6) |
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Identifying Achievement Motivation |
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373 | (1) |
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Sources of Achievement Motivation |
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374 | (5) |
| chapter 11 Emotions, Stress, and Health |
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379 | (50) |
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379 | (4) |
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The James-Lange and Cannon-Bard Theories |
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379 | (2) |
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381 | (2) |
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383 | (4) |
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383 | (2) |
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The Physiology of Specific Emotions |
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385 | (1) |
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Thinking Critically About: Lie Detection |
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386 | (1) |
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387 | (6) |
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387 | (3) |
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Culture and Emotional Expression |
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390 | (2) |
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The Effects of Facial Expressions |
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392 | (1) |
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393 | (9) |
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394 | (1) |
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395 | (6) |
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Close-Up: How to Be Happier |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (12) |
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402 | (6) |
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408 | (1) |
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Stress and Susceptibility to Disease |
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409 | (5) |
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414 | (15) |
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414 | (6) |
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Thinking Critically About: Alternative Medicine-New Ways to Health, or Old Snake Oil? |
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420 | (9) |
| chapter 12 Personality |
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429 | (40) |
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Historic Perspectives on Personality |
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429 | (13) |
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The Psychoanalytic Perspective |
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429 | (10) |
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The Humanistic Perspective |
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439 | (3) |
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Contemporary Research on Personality |
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442 | (27) |
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442 | (4) |
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Thinking Critically About: How to Be a "Successful" Astrologer or Palm Reader |
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446 | (4) |
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The Social-Cognitive Perspective |
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450 | (4) |
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Close-Up: Toward a More Positive Psychology |
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454 | (2) |
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456 | (7) |
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The Modern Unconscious Mind |
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463 | (6) |
| chapter 13 Psychological Disorders |
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469 | (38) |
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Perspectives on Psychological Disorders |
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470 | (6) |
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Defining Psychological Disorders |
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470 | (1) |
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Understanding Psychological Disorders |
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470 | (2) |
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Classifying Psychological Disorders |
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472 | (1) |
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Close-Up: The "unDSM"-A Diagnostic Manual of Human Strengths |
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473 | (1) |
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Labeling Psychological Disorders |
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473 | (1) |
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Thinking Critically About: Insanity and Responsibility |
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474 | (2) |
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476 | (6) |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder |
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476 | (1) |
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477 | (1) |
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder |
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478 | (1) |
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Explaining Anxiety Disorders |
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479 | (1) |
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Close-Up: The Wounds of War-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder |
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480 | (2) |
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Dissociative and Personality Disorders |
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482 | (4) |
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482 | (2) |
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484 | (2) |
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486 | (10) |
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Major Depressive Disorder |
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486 | (1) |
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487 | (1) |
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Explaining Mood Disorders |
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488 | (2) |
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490 | (4) |
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494 | (2) |
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496 | (5) |
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Symptoms of Schizophrenia |
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496 | (1) |
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Subtypes of Schizophrenia |
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497 | (1) |
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Understanding Schizophrenia |
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498 | (3) |
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Rates of Psychological Disorders |
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501 | (6) |
| chapter 14 Therapy |
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507 | (32) |
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The Psychological Therapies |
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507 | (11) |
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508 | (2) |
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510 | (2) |
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512 | (4) |
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516 | (2) |
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Group and Family Therapies |
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518 | (1) |
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Evaluating Psychotherapies |
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519 | (10) |
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Is Psychotherapy Effective? |
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520 | (3) |
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The Relative Effectiveness of Different Therapies |
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523 | (1) |
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Evaluating Alternative Therapies |
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523 | (3) |
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Commonalities Among Psychotherapies |
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526 | (2) |
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Close-Up: A Consumer's Guide to Psychotherapists |
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528 | (1) |
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Culture and Values in Psychotherapy |
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528 | (1) |
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529 | (5) |
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529 | (4) |
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Electroconvulsive Therapy |
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533 | (1) |
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534 | (1) |
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Preventing Psychological Disorders |
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534 | (5) |
| chapter 15 Social Psychology |
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539 | |
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539 | (6) |
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Attributing Behavior to Persons or to Situations |
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539 | (2) |
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541 | (4) |
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545 | (10) |
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545 | (5) |
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550 | (5) |
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555 | |
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555 | (4) |
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559 | (6) |
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Thinking Critically About: Do Video Games Teach or Release Violence? |
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565 | (1) |
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566 | (2) |
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568 | (5) |
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573 | (3) |
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576 | |
| appendix A Statistical Reasoning in Everyday Life |
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A-1 | |
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A-1 | |
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Measures of Central Tendencies |
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A-1 | |
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A-3 | |
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Correlation: A Measure of Relationships |
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A-3 | |
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A-6 | |
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When Is a Difference Reliable? |
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A-6 | |
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When Is a Difference Significant? |
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A-7 | |
| appendix B Psychology at Work |
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B-1 | |
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B-2 | |
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Close-Up: I/O Psychology at Work |
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B-3 | |
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B-3 | |
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Close-Up: Discovering Your Strengths |
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B-4 | |
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Do Interviews Predict Performance? |
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B-5 | |
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B-7 | |
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Organizational Psychology |
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B-7 | |
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Satisfaction and Engagement |
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B-7 | |
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B-9 | |
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B-11 | |
| appendix C Answers to Rehearse It and Critical Thinking Questions |
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C-1 | |
| Glossary |
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G-1 | |
| References |
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R-1 | |
| Name Index |
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NI-1 | |
| Subject Index |
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SI-1 | |
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