| Preface |
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xix | |
| Prologue: The Story of Psychology |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (6) |
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2 | (1) |
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Psychological Science Is Born |
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3 | (3) |
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Psychological Science Develops |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (11) |
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9 | (1) |
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Psychology's Three Main Levels of Analysis |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (3) |
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Close-Up: Your Study of Psychology |
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15 | (4) |
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Thinking Critically With Psychological Science |
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19 | (34) |
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The Need for Psychological Science |
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19 | (7) |
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The Limits of Intuition and Common Sense |
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19 | (4) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (2) |
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26 | (4) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (6) |
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Correlation and Causation |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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Perceiving Order in Random Events |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (3) |
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Exploring Cause and Effect |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Independent and Dependent Variables |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (5) |
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40 | (2) |
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42 | (2) |
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Frequently Asked Questions About Psychology |
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44 | (9) |
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Thinking Critically About: Desegregation and the Death Penalty---When Beliefs Collide With Psychological Science |
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50 | (3) |
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Neuroscience and Behavior |
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53 | (42) |
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54 | (7) |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (1) |
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How Neurotransmitters Influence Us |
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58 | (3) |
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61 | (4) |
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The Peripheral Nervous System |
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62 | (1) |
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The Central Nervous System |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (28) |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (4) |
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74 | (9) |
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83 | (4) |
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Thinking Critically About: Left Brain/Right Brain |
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87 | (8) |
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Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity |
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95 | (44) |
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Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences |
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96 | (11) |
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Genes: Our Codes for Life |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (3) |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (2) |
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Gene-Environment Interaction |
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104 | (1) |
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The New Frontier: Molecular Genetics |
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105 | (2) |
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Evolutionary Psychology: Understanding Human Nature |
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107 | (7) |
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107 | (3) |
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An Evolutionary Explanation of Human Sexuality |
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110 | (2) |
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Critiquing the Evolutionary Perspective |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (5) |
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Parents and Early Experiences |
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114 | (3) |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (7) |
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Variation Across Cultures |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (3) |
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Culture and Child-Rearing |
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124 | (1) |
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Developmental Similarities Across Groups |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (8) |
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Gender Similarities and Differences |
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126 | (3) |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (3) |
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Reflections on Nature and Nurture |
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134 | (5) |
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Developing Through the Life Span |
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139 | (58) |
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Prenatal Development and the Newborn |
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139 | (5) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (1) |
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Close-Up: Research Strategies for Understanding Infants' Thinking |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (20) |
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144 | (3) |
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147 | (5) |
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152 | (2) |
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154 | (10) |
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164 | (11) |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (3) |
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170 | (3) |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (18) |
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175 | (6) |
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181 | (4) |
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185 | (8) |
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Reflections on Two Major Developmental Issues |
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193 | (4) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (4) |
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197 | (40) |
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Sensing the World: Some Basic Principles |
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198 | (6) |
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199 | (3) |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (11) |
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The Stimulus Input: Light Energy |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (3) |
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Visual Information Processing |
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208 | (4) |
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212 | (3) |
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215 | (9) |
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The Stimulus Input: Sound Waves |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (1) |
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Close-Up: A Noisy Noise Annoys |
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218 | (2) |
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Hearing Loss and Deaf Culture |
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220 | (2) |
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Close-Up: Living in a Silent World |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (13) |
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224 | (5) |
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229 | (2) |
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231 | (2) |
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Body Position and Movement |
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233 | (4) |
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237 | (34) |
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237 | (3) |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (12) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (4) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (4) |
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Perceptual Interpretation |
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254 | (10) |
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Sensory Deprivation and Restored Vision |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (4) |
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Perception and the Human Factor |
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261 | (3) |
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Is There Extrasensory Perception? |
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264 | (7) |
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264 | (1) |
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Premonitions or Pretensions? |
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265 | (1) |
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Putting ESP to Experimental Test |
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266 | (5) |
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271 | (42) |
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Consciousness and Information Processing |
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271 | (3) |
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274 | (16) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (4) |
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279 | (4) |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (5) |
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290 | (6) |
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291 | (3) |
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Is Hypnosis an Altered State of Consciousness? |
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294 | (2) |
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296 | (13) |
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296 | (2) |
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298 | (6) |
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304 | (5) |
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309 | (4) |
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313 | (36) |
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313 | (2) |
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315 | (11) |
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316 | (5) |
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Extending Pavlov's Understanding |
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321 | (2) |
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323 | (2) |
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Close-Up: Trauma as Classical Conditioning |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (15) |
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327 | (6) |
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Extending Skinner's Understanding |
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333 | (3) |
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336 | (3) |
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Contrasting Classical and Operant Conditioning |
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339 | (2) |
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341 | (8) |
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343 | (1) |
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Applications of Observational Learning |
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343 | (6) |
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349 | (290) |
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349 | (4) |
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351 | (2) |
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Encoding: Getting Information In |
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353 | (270) |
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353 | (3) |
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356 | (262) |
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618 | (1) |
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Evaluating the Trait Perspective |
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619 | (4) |
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The Social-Cognitive Perspective |
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623 | (8) |
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623 | (2) |
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625 | (3) |
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Close-Up: Toward a More Positive Psychology |
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628 | (1) |
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Assessing Behavior in Situations |
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629 | (1) |
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Evaluating the Social-Cognitive Perspective |
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630 | (1) |
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631 | (8) |
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The Benefits of Self-Esteem |
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632 | (1) |
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633 | (1) |
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633 | (6) |
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639 | (46) |
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Perspectives on Psychological Disorders |
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640 | (9) |
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Defining Psychological Disorders |
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640 | (1) |
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Thinking Critically About: ADHD---Pathologizing Rambunctiousness or Genuine Disorder? |
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641 | (1) |
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Understanding Psychological Disorders |
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642 | (2) |
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Classifying Psychological Disorders |
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644 | (1) |
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Labeling Psychological Disorders |
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645 | (1) |
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Close-Up: The ``un-DSM'': A Diagnostic Manual of Human Strengths |
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646 | (1) |
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Thinking Critically About: Insanity and Responsibility |
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647 | (2) |
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649 | (9) |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder |
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649 | (1) |
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650 | (1) |
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder |
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651 | (1) |
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder |
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652 | (1) |
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Explaining Anxiety Disorders |
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653 | (3) |
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Thinking Critically About: Dissociation and Multiple Personalities |
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656 | (2) |
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658 | (11) |
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Major Depressive Disorder |
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659 | (1) |
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659 | (1) |
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Explaining Mood Disorders |
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660 | (2) |
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662 | (7) |
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669 | (8) |
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Symptoms of Schizophrenia |
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669 | (2) |
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Subtypes of Schizophrenia |
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671 | (1) |
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Understanding Schizophrenia |
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672 | (5) |
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677 | (3) |
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Antisocial Personality Disorder |
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677 | (1) |
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Understanding Antisocial Personality Disorder |
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678 | (2) |
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Rates of Psychological Disorders |
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680 | (5) |
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685 | (38) |
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The Psychological Therapies |
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686 | (14) |
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686 | (3) |
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689 | (1) |
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690 | (4) |
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694 | (3) |
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Group and Family Therapies |
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697 | (3) |
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Evaluating Psychotherapies |
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700 | (11) |
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Is Psychotherapy Effective? |
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700 | (1) |
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Thinking Critically About: ``Regressing'' From Unusual to Usual |
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701 | (3) |
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The Relative Effectiveness of Different Therapies |
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704 | (1) |
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Evaluating Alternative Therapies |
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705 | (2) |
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Commonalities Among Psychotherapies |
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707 | (1) |
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Culture and Values in Psychotherapy |
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708 | (1) |
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Close-Up: A Consumer's Guide to Psychotherapists |
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709 | (2) |
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711 | (8) |
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711 | (4) |
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715 | (2) |
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717 | (2) |
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Preventing Psychological Disorders |
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719 | (4) |
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723 | (1) |
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723 | (7) |
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Attributing Behavior to Persons or to Situations |
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724 | (2) |
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726 | (3) |
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Close-Up: Abu Ghraib Prison: An ``Atrocity-Producing Situation?'' |
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729 | (1) |
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730 | (12) |
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731 | (6) |
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737 | (5) |
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742 | |
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743 | (1) |
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Close-Up: Automatic Prejudice |
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744 | (5) |
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749 | (6) |
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Close-Up: Parallels Between Smoking Effects and Media Violence Effects |
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755 | (1) |
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756 | (2) |
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758 | (6) |
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764 | (3) |
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767 | |
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APPENDIX A Careers in Psychology |
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1 | (1) |
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Preparing for a Career in Psychology |
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1 | (3) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (2) |
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4 | (4) |
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Preparing Early for Graduate Study in Psychology |
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APPENDIX B Answers to Test Yourself Questions |
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1 | (1) |
| Glossary |
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1 | (1) |
| References |
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1 | (1) |
| Name Index |
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1 | (1) |
| Subject Index |
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1 | |
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