| About the Author |
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vi | |
| Preface |
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xv | |
| Preface to the Third Edition |
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xvii | |
| Foreword |
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xix | |
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Foundations of Epidemiology |
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1 | (26) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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Scope and Application of Epidemiology |
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4 | (1) |
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Incidence and Prevalence Described |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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The Epidemiology Triangle |
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6 | (3) |
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Some Disease Transmission Concepts |
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9 | (2) |
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Modes of Disease Transmission |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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NEWS FILE: Pediculosis (Person-to-Person Transmission) |
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13 | (1) |
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Classes of Epidemics/Outbreaks |
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14 | (1) |
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The Advanced Triangle of Epidemiology |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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Case Concepts in Epidemiology |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (3) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (3) |
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25 | (2) |
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Practical Disease Concepts in Epidemiology |
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27 | (44) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Essentials of Communicable Disease |
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28 | (2) |
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The Natural Course of Disease |
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30 | (2) |
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General Classification of Diseases |
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32 | (3) |
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Classification of Disease by Cause |
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35 | (1) |
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Inanimate Sources of Illness and Disability |
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36 | (1) |
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Portals of Entry of Infectious Disease Agents into the Human Body |
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37 | (1) |
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Time: Incubation Periods in Communicable Diseases |
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37 | (3) |
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40 | (2) |
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International Classification of Diseases |
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42 | (2) |
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Notifiable Diseases in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) |
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44 | (3) |
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Immunizations: Protecting the Public from Disease |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (3) |
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Communicable Disease Prevention and Control |
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52 | (6) |
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NEWS FILE: Disease Transmission and Universal Precautions |
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57 | (1) |
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Noncommunicable Diseases and Chronic Disease Classification |
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58 | (2) |
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Nutritional Deficiency Diseases and Disorders |
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60 | (1) |
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Chronic Diseases and Conditions |
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61 | (4) |
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Health Goals for the Year 2010 |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (3) |
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69 | (2) |
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Selected Historical Developments of Epidemiology |
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71 | (26) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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Hippocrates, the First Epidemiologist |
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72 | (1) |
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Disease Observations of Sydenham |
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73 | (1) |
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The Epidemiology of Scurvy in 1753 |
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74 | (1) |
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Cowpox and Its Epidemiological Connection to Smallpox |
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75 | (1) |
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The Epidemiology of Childbed Fever in a Lying-in Hospital |
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76 | (1) |
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Historical Epidemiological Assessment of Cholera in London |
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77 | (4) |
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NEWS FILE: Cholera Epidemic |
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80 | (1) |
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Pasteur's and Koch's Contribution to Epidemiology |
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81 | (1) |
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The Microscope and Its Contribution to Epidemiology |
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82 | (1) |
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John Graunt and Vital Statistics Development |
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83 | (1) |
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Ramazzini and the Epidemiology of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (1) |
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The Epidemiology of Vitamins in Curing Nutritional Diseases |
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86 | (1) |
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The Beginning of Epidemiology in the United States (1793-1913) |
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87 | (2) |
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Historical Developments of Morbidity in Epidemiology |
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89 | (1) |
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The Tuskegee Syphilis Study |
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90 | (2) |
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The Framingham Heart Study |
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92 | (1) |
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The Epidemiology of Cigarette Smoking and Cancer |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (2) |
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Epidemiological Measures of Health Status: Mortality-Rates and Ratios |
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97 | (36) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (4) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (5) |
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NEWS FILE: Top Causes of Death Worldwide |
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110 | (1) |
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Three Levels of Rates (General Use) |
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110 | (1) |
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Types of Mortality Rates/Ratios |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (6) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (6) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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Years of potential Life Lost (YPLL) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (2) |
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Epidemiological Measures of Health Status: Morbidity-Rates and Ratios |
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133 | (38) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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Incidence and Incidence Rates |
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134 | (3) |
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Approaches to Incidence Rates |
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137 | (1) |
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Some Fundamental Concepts of Incidence |
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138 | (2) |
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CASE FILE: Rubella (Incidence of Disease) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (6) |
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Incidence and Attack Rates |
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147 | (4) |
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151 | (5) |
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CASE FILE: Pingpong Gonorrhea (Recurring Diseases) |
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155 | (1) |
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Epidemics: Two Types-Common Source and Propagated |
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156 | (3) |
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159 | (3) |
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NEWS FILE: Hantavirus (Emerging Infections) |
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160 | (2) |
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Formalized Sources of Morbidity Statistics and Data |
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162 | (5) |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (2) |
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Epidemiology Vital Statistics and Health Status Indicators |
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171 | (32) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (4) |
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Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) |
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177 | (1) |
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Vital Events Registration |
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178 | (2) |
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Birth Rate and Crude Birth Rate |
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180 | (1) |
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Mortality and Death Certificates in Vital Statistics |
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180 | (2) |
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The Role of the Medical Examiner and Coroner |
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182 | (1) |
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Marriage and Divorce Statistics |
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183 | (1) |
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Computer Use in Vital Statistics and Epidemiology |
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184 | (1) |
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Selected Sources of Data for Epidemiological and Vital Statistics Information |
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185 | (13) |
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Private Professional Associations as Sources of Data |
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198 | (2) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (2) |
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Descriptive Statistics in Epidemiology |
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203 | (28) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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Computers in Epidemiological Descriptive Statistics |
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204 | (1) |
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Descriptive Statistics Basics |
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205 | (3) |
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NEWS FILE: AIDS/HIV (Epidemics, Prevalence, Prevention, and Control) |
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207 | (1) |
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Types and Sources of Data for Descriptive Statistics |
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208 | (2) |
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Parametric and Nonparametric Data |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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Skewness of Standard Distribution Bell Curve |
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212 | (2) |
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Tables and the Presentation of Data in Epidemiology |
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214 | (1) |
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Graphs and Charts in the Presentation of Descriptive Statistics Data |
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215 | (5) |
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Rates, Ratios, and Proportions in Epidemiology |
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220 | (1) |
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Samples of Tables and Charts Used in Epidemiological Reports |
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220 | (7) |
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227 | (2) |
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229 | (2) |
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Research Methods, Study Design, and Analytic Studies |
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231 | (44) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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Observational Epidemiology Studies |
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232 | (1) |
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Descriptive vs Analytical Epidemiological Studies |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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Experimental/Analytical Design in Epidemiology |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (8) |
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CASE FILE: Data Collection in Case Control Studies |
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238 | (5) |
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CASE FILE: Retrospective and Outcome Studies |
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243 | (1) |
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Cross-Sectional Studies/Survey Research |
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244 | (5) |
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Selection of Study Population |
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249 | (1) |
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Surveys in Cross-Sectional Studies |
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250 | (1) |
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Five Data Gathering Approaches |
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251 | (1) |
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Sampling the Population for Epidemiological Studies |
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252 | (4) |
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National Epidemiological Health Survey Methodology |
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256 | (2) |
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Prospective Studies/Longitudinal Studies |
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258 | (3) |
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Cohorts and Cohort Studies |
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261 | (5) |
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Survivorship Studies in Epidemiology |
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266 | (2) |
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Pretest/Intervention/Post-Test Design |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (3) |
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275 | (62) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (11) |
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287 | (4) |
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291 | (5) |
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Maps and Spot/Dot Maps in Epidemiology |
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296 | (10) |
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Use of Building Maps in Epidemiology |
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306 | (7) |
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NEWS FILE: Mapping in Epidemiology |
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311 | (2) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (7) |
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321 | (2) |
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323 | (3) |
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Marital and Family Status |
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326 | (2) |
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Family Structure and Genealogical Research |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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Education as a Characteristic of the Person |
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329 | (4) |
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333 | (2) |
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335 | (2) |
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Observational Methodology, Association, and Causality Development |
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337 | (36) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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Causality in Epidemiology |
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338 | (4) |
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Prevention and Control Approaches Derived from Causation |
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342 | (1) |
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Factors in Causation of Disease |
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342 | (2) |
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344 | (5) |
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Epidemiological Association in Causation of Disease |
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349 | (5) |
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Hypothesis Development for Epidemiology |
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354 | (2) |
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356 | (5) |
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Risk in Association and Causality |
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361 | (1) |
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Screening and Disease Detection in Populations |
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362 | (2) |
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Sensitivity and Specificity: Tests of Validity |
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364 | (6) |
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370 | (1) |
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371 | (2) |
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Developing and Conducting Investigations and Studies |
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373 | (18) |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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Planning and Administration of Epidemiological Studies |
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374 | (1) |
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Working Up an Epidemiology Study |
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375 | (1) |
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Steps in an Epidemiology Investigation |
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375 | (7) |
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NEWS FILE: Disease Investigation and Control |
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382 | (1) |
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Setting Up a Cohort Occupational Epidemiology Study |
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382 | (2) |
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Steps in Working up a Foodborne Illness Investigation |
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384 | (1) |
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Basic Epidemiological Questions |
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385 | (3) |
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388 | (2) |
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390 | (1) |
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Behavioral and Chronic Disease Epidemiology |
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391 | (26) |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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Chronic Disease Epidemiology |
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392 | (3) |
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Risk Factors in Chronic Diseases and Behaviorally Caused Diseases |
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395 | (1) |
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Odds Ratio in Chronic Diseases |
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396 | (1) |
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NEWS FILE: Teenage Smoking (Behavioral Epidemiology) |
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397 | (1) |
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Developing Webs of Causation for Chronic Diseases or Behaviorally Caused Disorders |
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397 | (6) |
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Chronic Disease, Behaviorally Caused, and Noncommunicable Disease Epidemiological Studies (Some Examples) |
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403 | (7) |
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Prevention and Control: A Hallmark of Epidemiology |
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410 | (1) |
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Quality of Adjusted Life Years/Healthy People 2000 |
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410 | (1) |
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Priorities for Prevention and Health Promotion Activities Related to Epidemiology |
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411 | (1) |
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Health Belief Model in Chronic Disease Epidemiology |
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412 | (2) |
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414 | (1) |
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415 | (2) |
| Appendix I Case Studies |
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417 | (72) |
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Case Study No. I Snow on Cholera |
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419 | (1) |
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(A) Cholera-Examples, Cases, and Observations |
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419 | (4) |
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423 | (1) |
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(B) Cholera and the Broad Street Pump Outbreak |
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424 | (7) |
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431 | (1) |
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(C) Cholera Epidemic of 1853 and Two London Water Companies |
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431 | (2) |
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433 | (2) |
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435 | (3) |
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(D) Epidemiological Issues |
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438 | (3) |
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441 | (2) |
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Case Study No. II Working through a Foodborne Illness Epidemic Investigation: Typhoid Fever in Schenectady |
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443 | (1) |
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Case of Typhoid Fever in Schenectady, New York |
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444 | (1) |
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444 | (7) |
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Case Study No. III Common-Source Outbreak of Waterborne Shigellosis at a Public School |
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451 | (1) |
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Case of Common-Source Outbreak of Waterborne Shigellosis at a Public School |
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451 | (5) |
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456 | (3) |
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Case Study No. IV Retrospective Analysis of Occupation and Alcohol-Related Mortality |
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459 | (1) |
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Case of Occupation and Alcohol-Related Causes of Death, California |
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459 | (3) |
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462 | (1) |
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Case Study No. V Retrospective Cohort Study of the Association of Congenital Malformations and Hazardous Waste |
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463 | (1) |
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Case on Congenital Malformations Associated with Proximity to Hazardous Waste Sites |
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464 | (4) |
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468 | (3) |
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Case Study No. VI History and Epidemiology of polio Epidemics |
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471 | (1) |
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(A) Brief Review of poliomyelitis as It Is Known Today |
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472 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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(B) First Polio Epidemics Studied and Reported: Sweden |
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473 | (6) |
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479 | (1) |
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(C) First Major Epidemic of poliomyelitis in America: Rutland, Vermont |
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480 | (1) |
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481 | (1) |
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(D) Simon Flexner, M.D. and Wade Hamilton Frost, M.D.: American Epidemiologists Who Investigated Poliomyelitis |
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481 | (4) |
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485 | (1) |
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(E) Poliomyelitis Epidemic in Los Angeles, 1934 |
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486 | (1) |
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487 | (1) |
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487 | (1) |
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488 | (1) |
| Appendix II Epidemiological Associations and Societies |
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489 | (2) |
| Appendix III Epi Info and Epi Map Epidemiology Software |
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491 | (4) |
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491 | (1) |
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492 | (3) |
| Appendix IV Internet Sites |
|
495 | (2) |
| Index |
|
497 | |
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