| About the Authors |
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x | |
| Preface |
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xi | |
| Preface to the Fourth Edition |
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xiii | |
| Foreword |
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xv | |
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Foundations of Epidemiology |
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1 | (22) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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Activities in Epidemiology |
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3 | (1) |
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Role of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice |
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4 | (1) |
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Epidemics, Endemics, and Pandemics |
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5 | (2) |
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Case Concepts in Epidemiology |
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7 | (1) |
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The Epidemiology Triangle |
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8 | (2) |
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Some Disease Transmission Concepts |
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10 | (1) |
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Modes of Disease Transmission |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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Advanced Triangle of Epidemiology |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (4) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (3) |
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Historic Developments in Epidemiology |
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23 | (22) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Hippocrates, the First Epidemiologist |
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24 | (1) |
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Disease Observations of Sydenham |
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25 | (1) |
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The Epidemiology of Scurvy |
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26 | (1) |
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Cowpox and Its Epidemiologic Connection to Smallpox |
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26 | (1) |
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Epidemiology of Childbed Fever in a Lying-in Hospital |
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27 | (1) |
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John Snow's Investigation of Cholera in London |
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28 | (2) |
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Contribution of Pasteur and Koch to Epidemiology |
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30 | (2) |
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The Microscope and Its Contribution to Epidemiology |
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32 | (1) |
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John Graunt and Vital Statistics |
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33 | (1) |
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Ramazzini: Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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Vitamins and the Cure of Nutritional Diseases |
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36 | (1) |
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Beginning of Epidemiology in the United States |
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37 | (2) |
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Historical Development of Morbidity in Epidemiology |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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Cigarette Smoking and Cancer |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (3) |
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Practical Disease Concepts in Epidemiology |
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45 | (34) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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Fundamentals of Communicable and Noncommunicable Diseases and Conditions |
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46 | (1) |
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Natural History of Disease |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (4) |
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Portals of Entry to the Human Body |
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53 | (1) |
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Incubation Periods for Selected Infectious Diseases |
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53 | (1) |
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Later Stages of Infection |
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54 | (3) |
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57 | (1) |
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International Classification of Diseases |
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58 | (1) |
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Notifiable Diseases in the United States |
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59 | (1) |
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Protecting Public Health through Immunization |
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59 | (3) |
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62 | (1) |
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Communicable Disease Prevention and Control |
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63 | (3) |
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Host-Related Control and Prevention |
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66 | (1) |
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Infection Control and Prevention Measures |
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67 | (1) |
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Changing Emphasis in Epidemiologic Studies |
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67 | (2) |
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Nutritional Deficiency Diseases and Disorders |
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69 | (3) |
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Chronic Diseases and Conditions |
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72 | (3) |
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Health Goals in the United States for the Year 2010 |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (2) |
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Design Strategies and Statistical Methods in Descriptive Epidemiology |
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79 | (30) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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Descriptive Study Designs |
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80 | (4) |
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84 | (1) |
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Ratios, Proportions, and Rates |
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85 | (7) |
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Tables, Graphs, and Numerical Measures |
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92 | (7) |
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Measures of Statistical Association |
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99 | (4) |
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103 | (3) |
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106 | (3) |
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Descriptive Epidemiology According to Person, Place, and Time |
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109 | (32) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (14) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (9) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (3) |
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General Health and Population Indicators |
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141 | (24) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (4) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (6) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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Proportional Mortality Ratio |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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Years of Potential Life Lost |
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157 | (3) |
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160 | (3) |
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163 | (2) |
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Design Strategies and Statistical Methods in Analytic Epidemiology |
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165 | (20) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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Observational Epidemiologic Studies |
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166 | (1) |
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Case-Control Study Design |
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166 | (3) |
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Statistical Measures of Association |
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169 | (2) |
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Bias in Case-Control Studies |
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171 | (2) |
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Controlling for Bias in Case-Control Studies |
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173 | (1) |
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Strengths and Weaknesses of Case-Control Studies |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (4) |
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178 | (1) |
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Selecting the Study Cohort |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (2) |
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Controlling for Bias in Cohort Studies |
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181 | (1) |
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Strengths and Weaknesses of Cohort Studies |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Experimental Studies in Epidemiology |
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185 | (14) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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Designing a Randomized Controlled Trial |
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189 | (3) |
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Selected Special Types of Randomized Study Design |
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192 | (2) |
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Strengths and Weaknesses of Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trials |
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194 | (1) |
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Ethics in Experimental Research |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (2) |
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Statistical and Causal Associations |
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199 | (20) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (3) |
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Hypothesis Development and Testing |
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203 | (4) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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Factors in Causation of Disease |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (2) |
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Screening and Disease Detection |
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210 | (4) |
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Sensitivity and Specificity |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (14) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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Conducting a Field Investigation |
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220 | (6) |
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Steps in Working Up a Food-borne Illness Investigation |
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226 | (2) |
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Basic Epidemiologic Questions |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (2) |
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Chronic Disease Epidemiology |
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233 | (24) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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Chronic Disease Epidemiology |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (2) |
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Noninfectious Diseases and Conditions: Webs of Causation |
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238 | (5) |
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Descriptive Examples of Noninfectious Diseases and Conditions in the United States |
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243 | (5) |
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248 | (4) |
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Priorities in Disease Prevention and Control |
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252 | (1) |
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Health Belief Model in Epidemiology |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (3) |
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257 | (72) |
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Case Study I Snow on Cholera |
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259 | (24) |
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259 | (4) |
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263 | (1) |
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Cholera and the Broad Street Outbreak |
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264 | (6) |
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270 | (1) |
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Cholera Epidemic of 1853 and Two London Water Companies |
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271 | (4) |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (5) |
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280 | (3) |
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Case Study II Working through a Food-borne Illness Epidemic Investigation: Typhoid Fever in Schenectady |
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283 | (8) |
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Case of Typhoid Fever in Schenectady, New York |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (7) |
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Case Study III Common-Source Outbreak of Waterborne Shigellosis at a Public School |
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291 | (8) |
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Case of Common-Source Outbreak of Waterborne Shigellosis at a Public School |
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291 | (5) |
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296 | (3) |
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Case Study IV Retrospective Analysis of Occupation and Alcohol-Related Mortality |
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299 | (4) |
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Case of Occupation and Alcohol-Related Causes of Death, California |
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299 | (2) |
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301 | (2) |
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Case Study V Retrospective Cohort Study of the Association of Congenital Malformations and Hazardous Waste |
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303 | (8) |
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Case on Congenital Malformations Associated with Proximity to Hazardous Waste Sites |
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304 | (3) |
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307 | (4) |
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Case Study VI History and Epidemiology of Polio Epidemics |
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311 | (18) |
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Brief Review of Poliomyelitis as It Is Known Today |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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First Polio Epidemics Studied and Reported: Sweden |
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313 | (6) |
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319 | (1) |
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First Major Epidemic of Poliomyelitis in America: Rutland, Vermont |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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Simon Flexner, MD, and Wade Hamilton Frost, MD: American Epidemiologists Who Investigated Poliomyelitis |
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321 | (3) |
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324 | (1) |
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Poliomyelitis Epidemic in Los Angeles, 1934 |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (2) |
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Appendix II Answers to Select Chapter Questions |
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329 | (10) |
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Appendix III Epidemiologic Associations and Societies |
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339 | (3) |
| Index |
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342 | |
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