| Section 1 BASIC PRINCIPLES |
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1 | (22) |
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Introduction to the Nervous System |
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1 | (14) |
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Nerve Cells and Nerve Fibers |
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1 | (2) |
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Organization of Cells and Fibers in the Nervous System |
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3 | (1) |
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Functionally Defined Fiber Groups in the Peripheral Nerves |
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3 | (1) |
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Overview of the Gross Anatomy of the Nervous System |
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4 | (5) |
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Internal Anatomy of the Spinal Cord |
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9 | (2) |
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Development of the Nervous System |
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11 | (4) |
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Physiology of Nerve Cells |
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15 | (8) |
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Resting Membrane Potential |
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15 | (1) |
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Ion Channels Control Membrane Potential |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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Afterpotentials and Refractory Periods Follow the Action Potential |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (2) |
| Section 2 PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM |
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23 | (18) |
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Fibers of the Spinal Nerves |
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23 | (4) |
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Functional Classification |
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23 | (2) |
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Physiologic Classification |
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25 | (2) |
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Spinal Reflexes and Muscle Tone |
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27 | (6) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Motoneurons of the Spinal Cord |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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Golgi Tendon Organs and Their Reflexes |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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Reflexes of Cutaneous Origin |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (8) |
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The Autonomic Nervous System Has Two Divisions |
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33 | (1) |
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Sympathetic Nervous System |
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34 | (2) |
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Parasympathetic Nervous System |
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36 | (1) |
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Autonomic Innervation of the Genitourinary System |
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36 | (2) |
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Autonomic Reflexes of Other Pelvic Viscera |
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38 | (3) |
| Section 3 ASCENDING AND DESCENDING PATHWAYS |
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41 | (36) |
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41 | (10) |
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41 | (1) |
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Overview of the Pathways for Pain, Thermal Sense, and Touch |
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42 | (1) |
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Dorsal Roots of the Spinal Nerves Supply Dermatomes |
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42 | (1) |
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Adjacent Spinal Nerves Form Peripheral Nerves |
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42 | (1) |
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Pain-Temperature Pathways |
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42 | (5) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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Visceral Pain Pathways and Referred Pain |
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47 | (1) |
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Effect of Cutting the Spinothalamic Tract |
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48 | (1) |
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Sensory Effects of Dorsal Root Irritation |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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Central Pain (Thalamic Syndrome) |
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49 | (2) |
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Proprioception, Touch, and Tactile Discrimination |
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51 | (9) |
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Central Nervous System Pathways |
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51 | (6) |
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Physiologic Aspects of Tactile Discrimination |
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57 | (1) |
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Effect of Spinal Cord Lesions on Touch Sensation |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (8) |
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Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex |
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60 | (1) |
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Descending Fibers from the Cerebral Cortex and Brain Stem Influence Motor Activity |
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61 | (5) |
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Role of Lateral, Medial, and Propriospinal Pathways in Spinal Cord Function |
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66 | (2) |
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Lesions of the Peripheral Nerves, Spinal Nerve Roots, and Spinal Cord |
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68 | (9) |
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Degeneration and Regeneration of Nerve Cells and Fibers after Injury |
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68 | (1) |
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Clinical Consequences of Peripheral Nerve Lesions |
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69 | (1) |
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Lower Motoneuron Lesions: Hypotonic Paralysis of Muscles |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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Upper Motoneuron Lesions: Spastic Paralysis of Muscles |
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70 | (2) |
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Abnormal Reflexes Associated with Lesions of the Motor Pathway |
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72 | (1) |
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Transection of the Spinal Cord |
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73 | (1) |
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Hemisection of the Spinal Cord (Brown-Sequard Syndrome) |
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73 | (2) |
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Lesions of the Central Gray Matter of the Spinal Cord |
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75 | (1) |
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Lesions Involving the Ventral Horns and the Corticospinal Tracts |
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75 | (1) |
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Lesions Involving Dorsal and Lateral Funiculi |
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75 | (1) |
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Thrombosis of the Anterior Spinal Artery |
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75 | (1) |
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Tumors of the Spinal Cord |
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76 | (1) |
| Section 4 BRAIN STEM AND CEREBELLUM |
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77 | (70) |
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Organization of the Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves |
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77 | (20) |
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Surface Anatomy of the Brain Stem |
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77 | (5) |
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Internal Structures at the Transition from Spinal Cord to Brain Stem |
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82 | (1) |
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Classification of Cranial Nerve Nuclei and Fibers according to their Functions |
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83 | (1) |
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Functionally Distinct Cranial Nerve Cell Columns |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (2) |
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Atlas of the Brain Stem: Transverse Sections |
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88 | (7) |
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Blood Supply to the Brain Stem and Cerebellum |
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95 | (2) |
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Cranial Nerves of the Medulla |
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97 | (7) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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Vagal System: Nervus Intermedius (VII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X) and Cranial Accessory (XI) Nerves |
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98 | (6) |
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Cranial Nerves of the Pons and Midbrain |
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104 | (7) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (4) |
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Lesions of the Brain Stem |
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111 | (8) |
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Principles of Localization |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (2) |
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Brain Stem Lesions Causing Coma and ``Locked-in'' Syndrome |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (8) |
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119 | (3) |
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Central Auditory Pathways |
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122 | (2) |
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Diagnosing Hearing Deficits from Nerve Damage and from Conductive Defects |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (8) |
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Vestibular Portion of the Inner Ear |
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127 | (2) |
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Vestibular Nerve and Its Central Connections |
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129 | (1) |
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Vestibulocerebellar Connections |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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Vestibulothalamocortical Pathway |
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133 | (1) |
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Sensory Aspects of Vestibular Stimulation |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (12) |
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Overview of Cerebellar Function |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (4) |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (2) |
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Integration of the Cerebellum and Cerebral Cortex in Movement and Cognition |
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143 | (1) |
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Clinical Signs of Cerebellar Dysfunction |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
| Section 5 FOREBRAIN |
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147 | (74) |
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147 | (11) |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (1) |
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Connections of the Dorsal Striatum and Pallidum with the Cerebral Cortex |
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150 | (4) |
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Connections of the Pallidum with the Brain Stem |
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154 | (1) |
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Ventral Striatum and Pallidum |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (4) |
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158 | (9) |
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Overview of the Visual Pathways |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (3) |
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161 | (2) |
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Information Processing in the Visual Pathways |
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163 | (1) |
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Effects of Lesions Interrupting the Visual Pathway |
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164 | (3) |
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Optic Reflexes and Eye Movements |
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167 | (7) |
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167 | (1) |
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Reflexes Associated with the Near-Point Reaction |
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168 | (1) |
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Disorders of Pupillary Function |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (5) |
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Cerebral Cortex and Thalamocortical Connections |
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174 | (19) |
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174 | (1) |
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Cortical Cell Layers: The Basis for Structure and Function Relationships within and between Cortical Areas |
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174 | (3) |
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Cortical Networks and Information Processing |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (3) |
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Thalamocortical Connections |
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180 | (2) |
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Functional Cortical Regions |
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182 | (7) |
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Disorders of Cortical Networks |
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189 | (4) |
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193 | (11) |
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193 | (1) |
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Telencephalic Limbic System |
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193 | (4) |
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197 | (3) |
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200 | (2) |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (3) |
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204 | (1) |
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Olfactory Bulbs and Their Projections |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (1) |
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Damage to Olfactory Structures |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (14) |
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Characteristics of Neurotransmitter Molecules |
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207 | (1) |
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Functional Characterization of Neurotransmitter Receptors |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (5) |
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214 | (4) |
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218 | (3) |
| Section 6 CIRCULATION OF BLOOD AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID |
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221 | (12) |
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Cerebral Arteries Supplying the Forebrain |
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221 | (6) |
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221 | (1) |
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Internal Carotid Artery and Its Branches |
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221 | (2) |
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Posterior Cerebral Artery and Its Branches |
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223 | (2) |
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Formation of the Circle of Willis and Its Central Branches |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (6) |
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Formation and Circulation |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (4) |
| Section 7 APPROACHES TO PATIENTS WITH NEUROLOGIC SYMPTOMS |
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233 | (14) |
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Clinical Evaluation of Neurologic Disorders |
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233 | (8) |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (5) |
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Neurologic Diagnostic Tests |
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241 | (6) |
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis |
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241 | (1) |
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Electroencephalography and Evoked-Potential Studies |
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242 | (1) |
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Nerve Conduction Studies, Electromyography, and Muscle and Nerve Biopsy |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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Physiologic Imaging Studies |
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245 | (2) |
| Suggested Readings |
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247 | (2) |
| Index |
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249 | |
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