| SECTION I General Principles of Pharmacology |
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1 | (58) |
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Basic Principles of Pharmacology |
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3 | (12) |
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5 | (1) |
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What Constitutes a Drug: Development and Approval of Therapeutic Agents |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (4) |
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6 | (1) |
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Prescription versus Over-the-Counter Medications |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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Basic Concepts in Drug Therapy |
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9 | (2) |
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Dose-Response Curves and Maximal Efficacy |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (4) |
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Quantal Dose-Response Curves and the Median Effective Dose |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (3) |
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Pharmacokinetics I: Drug Administration, Absorption, and Distribution |
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15 | (18) |
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15 | (5) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (3) |
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Drug Absorption and Distribution: Bioavailability |
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20 | (5) |
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Membrane Structure and Function |
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20 | (1) |
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Movement across Membrane Barriers |
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21 | (4) |
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Distribution of Drugs within the Body |
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25 | (1) |
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Factors Affecting Distribution |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (2) |
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26 | (1) |
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Adverse Consequences of Drug Storage |
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26 | (2) |
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Newer Techniques for Drug Delivery |
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28 | (5) |
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Controlled-Release Preparations |
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28 | (1) |
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Implanted Drug Delivery Systems |
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28 | (1) |
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Targeting Drug Delivery to Specific Cells and Tissues |
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29 | (4) |
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Pharmacokinetics II: Drug Elimination |
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33 | (13) |
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33 | (3) |
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Cellular Mechanisms of Drug Biotransformation |
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34 | (1) |
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Organs Responsible for Drug Biotransformation |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (2) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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Dosing Schedules and Plasma Concentration |
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39 | (1) |
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Variations in Drug Response and Metabolism |
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40 | (6) |
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46 | (13) |
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Receptors Located on the Cell's Surface |
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46 | (4) |
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Surface Receptors Linked Directly to Ion Channels |
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46 | (1) |
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Surface Receptors Linked Directly to Enzymes |
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47 | (1) |
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Surface Receptors Linked to Regulatory (G) Proteins: Role of the Second Messenger |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (1) |
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Drug-Receptor Interactions |
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50 | (1) |
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Functional Aspects of Drug-Receptor Interactions |
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51 | (4) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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Classification of Drugs: Agonist versus Antagonist |
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53 | (1) |
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Competitive versus Noncompetitive Antagonists |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (2) |
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Receptor Desensitization and Down-Regulation |
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55 | (1) |
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Receptor Supersensitivity and Up-Regulation |
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56 | (1) |
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Nonreceptor Drug Mechanisms |
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57 | (2) |
| SECTION II Pharmacology of the Central Nervous System |
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59 | (108) |
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Central Nervous System Pharmacology: General Principles |
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61 | (10) |
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61 | (3) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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Mesencephalon and Brainstem |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (2) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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CNS Drugs: General Mechanisms |
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67 | (4) |
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Sedative-Hypnotic and Antianxiety Agents |
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71 | (12) |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (3) |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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Problems and Adverse Effects |
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76 | (1) |
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Tolerance and Physical Dependence |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (3) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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Problems and Adverse Effects |
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79 | (1) |
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Special Considerations of Sedative-Hypnotic and Antianxiety Agents in Rehabilitation |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (3) |
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80 | (3) |
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Drugs Used to Treat Affective Disorders: Depression and Manic-Depression |
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83 | (16) |
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83 | (9) |
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83 | (1) |
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Pathophysiology of Depression |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (6) |
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Use of Antidepressants in Chronic Pain |
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92 | (1) |
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Treatment of Manic-Depression: Antimanic Drugs |
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92 | (3) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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Other Drugs Used in Manic-Depression |
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94 | (1) |
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Special Concerns in Rehabilitation Patients |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (3) |
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96 | (3) |
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99 | (11) |
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99 | (1) |
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Neurotransmitter Changes in Schizophrenia |
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100 | (1) |
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Antipsychotic Mechanism of Action |
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100 | (1) |
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Antipsychotic Medications |
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101 | (2) |
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Traditional Antipsychotics |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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Other Uses of Antipsychotics |
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104 | (1) |
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Problems and Adverse Effects |
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104 | (3) |
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104 | (3) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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Special Concerns in Rehabilitation Patients |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (2) |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (13) |
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Classification of Epileptic Seizures |
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111 | (1) |
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Rationale for Drug Treatment |
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112 | (1) |
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Drugs Used to Treat Epilepsy |
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112 | (5) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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Newer ``Second-Generation'' Agents |
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115 | (2) |
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Selection of a Specific Antiepileptic Agent |
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117 | (1) |
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Single-Drug Therapy versus Drug Combinations in Epilepsy |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Special Precautions during Pregnancy |
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118 | (1) |
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Treatment of Status Epilepticus |
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119 | (1) |
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Withdrawal of Antiseizure Medications |
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119 | (1) |
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Special Concerns in Rehabilitation Patients |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (3) |
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120 | (3) |
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Pharmacologic Management of Parkinson Disease |
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123 | (19) |
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Pathophysiology of Parkinson Disease |
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124 | (1) |
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Etiology of Parkinson Disease: Potential Role of Toxic Substances |
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125 | (1) |
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Therapeutic Agents in Parkinsonism |
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126 | (9) |
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126 | (6) |
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Other Drugs Used to Treat Parkinson Disease |
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132 | (3) |
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Clinical Course of Parkinson Disease: When to Use Specific Drugs |
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135 | (1) |
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Neurosurgical Interventions in Parkinson Disease |
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135 | (1) |
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Special Considerations for Rehabilitation |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (5) |
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137 | (5) |
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142 | (12) |
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General Anesthesia: Requirements |
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142 | (1) |
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Stages of General Anesthesia |
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143 | (1) |
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General Anesthetic Agents: Classification and Use According to Route of Administration |
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143 | (1) |
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General Anesthetics: Specific Agents |
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144 | (2) |
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144 | (2) |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (2) |
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Adjuvants in General Anesthesia |
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149 | (2) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (2) |
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Special Concerns in Rehabilitation |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (2) |
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152 | (2) |
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154 | (13) |
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Types of Local Anesthetics |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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Clinical Use of Local Anesthetics |
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157 | (3) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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Systemic Effects of Local Anesthetics |
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162 | (1) |
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Significance in Rehabilitation |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (4) |
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163 | (4) |
| SECTION III Drugs Affecting Skeletal Muscle |
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167 | (20) |
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants |
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169 | (18) |
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Increased Muscle Tone: Spasticity versus Muscle Spasms |
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169 | (2) |
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Specific Agents Used to Produce Skeletal Muscle Relaxation |
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171 | (1) |
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Agents Used to Treat Muscle Spasms |
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171 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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Agents Used to Treat Spasticity |
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173 | (5) |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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Use of Botulinum Toxin as a Muscle Relaxant |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (1) |
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Special Concerns in Rehabilitation Patients |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (5) |
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182 | (5) |
| SECTION IV Drugs Used to Treat Pain and Inflammation |
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187 | (74) |
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189 | (17) |
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Source of Opioid Analgesics |
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189 | (1) |
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Endogenous Opioid Peptides and Opioid Receptors |
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190 | (2) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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Classification of Specific Agents |
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192 | (2) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (2) |
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Effect of Opioids on the Central Nervous System |
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195 | (1) |
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Peripheral Effects of Opioids |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (2) |
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197 | (1) |
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Use of Opioids in Patient-Controlled Analgesia |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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Problems and Adverse Effects |
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199 | (1) |
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Concepts of Addiction, Tolerance, and Physical Dependence |
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199 | (3) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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Tolerance and Dependence during Therapeutic Opioid Use |
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201 | (1) |
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Use of Methadone to Treat Opioid Addiction |
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201 | (1) |
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Special Concerns in Rehabilitation Patients |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (4) |
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202 | (4) |
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Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs |
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206 | (20) |
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Aspirin and Other NSAIDs: General Aspects |
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206 | (1) |
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Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, and Leukotrienes |
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207 | (4) |
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207 | (2) |
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Role of Eicosanoids in Health and Disease |
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209 | (2) |
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Mechanism of NSAID Action: Inhibition of Prostaglandin and Thromboxane Synthesis |
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211 | (1) |
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Aspirin: Prototypical NSAID |
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212 | (1) |
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Clinical Applications of Aspirin-Like Drugs |
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212 | (1) |
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Treatment of Pain and Inflammation |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Treatment of Vascular Disorders |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Problems and Adverse Effects of Aspirin-Like Drugs |
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213 | (2) |
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Gastrointestinal Problems |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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Comparison of Aspirin with Other NSAIDs |
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215 | (3) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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Pharmacokinetics of NSAIDs and Acetaminophen |
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219 | (1) |
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Special Concerns in Rehabilitation Patients |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (6) |
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Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs |
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220 | (6) |
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Pharmacologic Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteorathritis |
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226 | (21) |
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226 | (12) |
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Immune Basis for Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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227 | (1) |
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Overview of Drug Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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228 | (1) |
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Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs |
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231 | (6) |
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DMARD Combinations Used in Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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237 | (1) |
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Dietary Implications for Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (3) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate |
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240 | (1) |
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Special Concerns for Antiarthritic Drug Therapy in Rehabilitation Patients |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (5) |
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242 | (5) |
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Patient-Controlled Analgesia |
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247 | (14) |
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Pharmacokinetic Basis for PCA |
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247 | (1) |
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PCA Dosing Strategies and Parameters |
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248 | (2) |
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Types of Analgesics Used for PCA |
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250 | (1) |
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Administration Routes during PCA |
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250 | (4) |
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250 | (1) |
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Epidural and Intrathecal PCA |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (2) |
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Comparison of PCA to Traditional Methods of Analgesic Administration |
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254 | (2) |
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Problems and Side Effects of PCA |
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256 | (1) |
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Pharmacologic Side Effects |
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256 | (1) |
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Problems with PCA Delivery |
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256 | (1) |
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Special Concerns for PCA in Rehabilitation Patients |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (4) |
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Patient-Controlled Analgesia |
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257 | (4) |
| SECTION V Autonomic and Cardiovascular Pharmacology |
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261 | (134) |
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Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology |
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263 | (11) |
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Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions |
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263 | (2) |
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Preganglionic and Postganglionic Neurons |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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Parasympathetic Organization |
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264 | (1) |
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Functional Aspects of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions |
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265 | (1) |
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Function of the Adrenal Medulla |
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266 | (1) |
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Autonomic Integration and Control |
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267 | (1) |
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Autonomic Neurotransmitters |
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268 | (1) |
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Acetylcholine and Norepinephrine |
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268 | (1) |
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Other Autonomic Neurotransmitters |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (3) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (2) |
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Pharmacologic Significiance of Autonomic Receptors |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (12) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (5) |
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Direct-Acting Cholinergic Stimulants |
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275 | (1) |
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Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Stimulants |
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276 | (2) |
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Clinical Applications of Cholinergic Stimulants |
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278 | (1) |
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Adverse Effects of Cholinergic Stimulants |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (6) |
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Source and Mechanism of Action of Antimuscarinic Anticholinergic Drugs |
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280 | (1) |
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Clinical Applications of Antimuscarinic Drugs |
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281 | (3) |
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Side Effects of Anticholinergic Drugs |
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284 | (2) |
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286 | (17) |
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Adrenergic Receptor Subclassifications |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (6) |
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288 | (2) |
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290 | (2) |
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Drugs with Mixed Alpha and Beta Agonist Activity |
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292 | (2) |
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294 | (9) |
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294 | (2) |
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296 | (3) |
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Other Drugs That Inhibit Adrenergic Neurons |
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299 | (4) |
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303 | (24) |
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Normal Control of Blood Pressure |
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304 | (1) |
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Pathogenesis of Hypertension |
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305 | (1) |
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Essential versus Secondary Hypertension |
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305 | (1) |
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Possible Mechanisms in Essential Hypertension |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (3) |
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Mechanism of Action and Rationale for Use |
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306 | (2) |
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Classification of Diuretics |
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308 | (1) |
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Adverse Effects of Diuretics |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (5) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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Presynaptic Adrenergic Inhibitors |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (2) |
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Mechanism of Action and Rationale for Use |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin System |
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316 | (2) |
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Mechanism of Action and Rationale for Use |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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Stepped-Care Approach to Hypertension |
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319 | (1) |
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Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Hypertension |
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320 | (1) |
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Special Concerns in Rehabilitation Patients |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (6) |
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321 | (6) |
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Treatment of Angina Pectoris |
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|
327 | (16) |
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Drugs Used to Treat Angina Pectoris |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (3) |
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Mechanism of Action and Rationale for Use |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (2) |
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Adverse Side Effects of Nitrates |
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331 | (1) |
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331 | (1) |
|
Mechanism of Action and Rationale for Use |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
|
332 | (3) |
|
Mechanism of Action and Rationale for Use |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
Use of Anticoagulants in Angina Pectoris |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Specific Types of Angina Pectoris |
|
|
335 | (3) |
|
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
Variant Angina (Prinzmetal's Ischemia) |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
Nonpharmacologic Management of Angina Pectoris |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
Special Concerns in Rehabilitation Patients |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (4) |
|
|
|
339 | (4) |
|
Treatment of Cardiac Arrhythmias |
|
|
343 | (13) |
|
Cardiac Electrophysiology |
|
|
343 | (3) |
|
Cardiac Action Potentials |
|
|
343 | (2) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
Normal Conduction of the Cardiac Action Potential |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
Classification of Antiarrhythmic Drugs |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
Class I: Sodium Channel Blockers |
|
|
347 | (2) |
|
Mechanism of Action and Rationale for Use |
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
Mechanism of Action and Rationale for Use |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Class III: Drugs That Prolong Repolarization |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Mechanism of Action and Rationale for Use |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
Class IV: Calcium Channel Blockers |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
Mechanism of Action and Rationale for Use |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
Nonpharmacologic Treatment of Arrhythmias |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
Special Concerns in Rehabilitation Patients |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
|
352 | (4) |
|
|
|
352 | (4) |
|
Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure |
|
|
356 | (17) |
|
Pathophysiology of Congestive Heart Failure |
|
|
357 | (2) |
|
Vicious Cycle of Heart Failure |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
Congestion in Left and Right Heart Failure |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Drugs That Increase Myocardial Contraction Force (Positive Inotropic Agents) |
|
|
360 | (4) |
|
|
|
360 | (3) |
|
Other Positive Inotropic Agents |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
Agents That Decrease Cardiac Workload |
|
|
364 | (4) |
|
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Special Concerns in Rehabilitation Patients |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
|
368 | (5) |
|
|
|
368 | (5) |
|
Treatment of Coagulation Disorders and Hyperlipidemia |
|
|
373 | (22) |
|
Normal Mechanism of Blood Coagulation |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Drugs Used to Treat Overactive Clotting |
|
|
375 | (9) |
|
|
|
376 | (3) |
|
|
|
379 | (3) |
|
|
|
382 | (2) |
|
Treatment of Clotting Deficiencies |
|
|
384 | (2) |
|
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
Deficiencies of Vitamin K---Dependent Clotting Factors |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Agents Used to Treat Hyperlipidemia |
|
|
386 | (2) |
|
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Other Lipid-Lowering Agents |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Adverse Effects of Antihyperlipidemia Agents |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Special Concerns in Rehabilitation Patients |
|
|
388 | (2) |
|
|
|
390 | (5) |
|
|
|
390 | (5) |
| SECTION VI Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Pharmacology |
|
395 | (38) |
|
|
|
397 | (21) |
|
Drugs Used to Treat Respiratory Tract Irritation and Control Respiratory Secretions |
|
|
397 | (4) |
|
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Mucolytics and Expectorants |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Drugs Used to Maintain Airway Patency in Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
|
|
401 | (8) |
|
|
|
401 | (3) |
|
|
|
404 | (2) |
|
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Bronchial Asthma |
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
Pathophysiology of Bronchial Asthma |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
Long-Term Management of Asthma |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Reversible Bronchospasm in COPD |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Respiratory Problems in Cystic Fibrosis |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Special Concerns in Rehabilitation Patients |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
|
413 | (5) |
|
|
|
413 | (5) |
|
|
|
418 | (15) |
|
Drugs Used to Control Gastric Acidity and Secretion |
|
|
418 | (5) |
|
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
Treatment of H. Pylori Infection in Gastric Ulcer Disease |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Other Agents Used to Control and Treat Gastric Ulcers |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
|
423 | (2) |
|
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (2) |
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
Specific Agents and Mechanism of Action |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Miscellaneous Gastrointestinal Drugs |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
Special Concerns in Rehabilitation Patients |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
|
429 | (4) |
|
|
|
429 | (4) |
| SECTION VII Endocrine Pharmacology |
|
433 | (102) |
|
Introduction to Endocrine Pharmacology |
|
|
435 | (13) |
|
Primary Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones |
|
|
436 | (4) |
|
Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland |
|
|
436 | (2) |
|
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology |
|
|
440 | (5) |
|
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
Synthesis and Release of Hormones |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
Feedback Control Mechanisms in Endocrine Function |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
Hormone Effects on the Target Cell |
|
|
443 | (2) |
|
Clinical Use of Endocrine Drugs |
|
|
445 | (3) |
|
|
|
448 | (21) |
|
|
|
448 | (2) |
|
|
|
450 | (5) |
|
Role of Glucocorticoids in Normal Function |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Mechanism of Action of Glucocorticoids |
|
|
451 | (2) |
|
Physiologic Effects of Glucocorticoids |
|
|
453 | (2) |
|
Therapeutic Glucocorticoid Agents |
|
|
455 | (2) |
|
Clinical Uses of Glucocorticoids |
|
|
457 | (2) |
|
Glucocorticoid Use in Endocrine Conditions |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Use in Nonendocrine Conditions |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
Adverse Effects of Glucocorticoids |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Adrenocortical Suppression |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Drug-Induced Cushing Syndrome |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Breakdown of Supporting Tissues |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Drugs That Inhibit Adrenocortical Hormone Biosynthesis |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
461 | (3) |
|
Regulation of Mineralocorticoid Secretion |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
Mechanism of Action and Physiologic Effects of Mineralocorticoids |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
Therapeutic Use of Mineralocorticoid Drugs |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Adverse Effects of Mineralocorticoid Agonists |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Mineralocorticoid Antagonists |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Special Concerns of Adrenal Steroid Use in Rehabilitation Patients |
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
|
465 | (4) |
|
|
|
465 | (4) |
|
|
|
469 | (26) |
|
|
|
469 | (3) |
|
Source and Regulation of Androgen Synthesis |
|
|
469 | (2) |
|
Physiologic Effects of Androgens |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Pharmacologic Use of Androgens |
|
|
472 | (3) |
|
Clinical Use of Androgens |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
Adverse Effects of Clinical Androgen Use |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
|
475 | (3) |
|
|
|
475 | (2) |
|
Effects of Androgens on Athletic Performance |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Adverse Effects of Androgen Abuse |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Estrogen and Progesterone |
|
|
478 | (4) |
|
Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone on Sexual Maturation |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
Regulation and Effects of Hormonal Synthesis during the Menstrual Cycle |
|
|
479 | (2) |
|
Female Hormones in Pregnancy and Parturition |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Pharmacologic Use of Estrogen and Progesterone |
|
|
482 | (4) |
|
Conditions Treated with Estrogen and Progesterone |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
Adverse Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
|
486 | (3) |
|
Types of Contraceptive Preparations |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
Mechanism of Contraceptive Action |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Adverse Effects of Oral Contraceptives |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Special Concerns of Sex Hormone Pharmacology in Rehabilitation Patients |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
|
490 | (5) |
|
|
|
490 | (5) |
|
Thyroid and Parathyroid Drugs: Agents Affecting Bone Mineralization |
|
|
495 | (18) |
|
Function of the Thyroid Gland |
|
|
495 | (3) |
|
Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Release |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Physiologic Effects of Thyroid Hormones |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Mechanism of Action of Thyroid Hormones |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Thyroid Disorders |
|
|
498 | (4) |
|
|
|
499 | (2) |
|
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
Function of the Parathyroid Glands |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
Regulation of Bone Mineral Homeostasis |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Pharmacologic Control of Bone Mineral Homeostasis |
|
|
504 | (5) |
|
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Special Concerns in Rehabilitation Patients |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
|
509 | (4) |
|
Agents Affecting Bone Mineral Metabolism |
|
|
509 | (4) |
|
Pancreatic Hormones and the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus |
|
|
513 | (22) |
|
Structure and Function of the Endocrine Pancreas |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
|
|
514 | (2) |
|
Cellular Mechanism of Insulin Action |
|
|
514 | (2) |
|
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
Control of Insulin and Glucagon Release |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
|
|
517 | (3) |
|
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
Effects and Complications of Diabetes Mellitus |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
Use of Insulin in Diabetes Mellitus |
|
|
520 | (4) |
|
Therapeutic Effects and Rationale for Use |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
Administration of Insulin |
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
Intensive Insulin Therapy |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
Adverse Effects of Insulin Therapy |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
|
|
524 | (2) |
|
|
|
524 | (2) |
|
Other Orally Active Drugs |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
Other Drugs Used in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
Aldose Reductase Inhibitors |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
Nonpharmacologic Intervention in Diabetes Mellitus |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
Dietary Management and Weight Reduction |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
Tissue Transplants and Gene Therapy |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
Significance of Diabetes Mellitus in Rehabilitation |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
|
|
529 | (6) |
|
|
|
529 | (6) |
| SECTION VIII Chemotherapy of Infectious and Neoplastic Diseases |
|
535 | (115) |
|
Treatment of Infections I: Antibacterial Drugs |
|
|
537 | (30) |
|
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
Bacterial Structure and Function |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
Pathogenic Effects of Bacteria |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
Bacterial Nomenclature and Classification |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Bacterial Infections: Basic Principles |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
Spectrum of Antibacterial Activity |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
Bactericidal versus Bacteriostatic Activity |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
Basic Mechanisms of Antibacterial Drugs |
|
|
540 | (2) |
|
Inhibition of Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis and Function |
|
|
540 | (2) |
|
Inhibition of Bacterial Protein Synthesis |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
Inhibition of Bacterial DNA/RNA Synthesis and Function |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
Specific Antibacterial Agents |
|
|
542 | (2) |
|
Antibacterial Drugs That Inhibit Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis and Function |
|
|
544 | (9) |
|
|
|
544 | (2) |
|
|
|
546 | (3) |
|
Other Agents That Inhibit Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis |
|
|
549 | (4) |
|
Use of Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
Drugs That Inhibit Bacterial Protein Synthesis |
|
|
553 | (4) |
|
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
Erythromycin and Other Macrolides |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
Other Agents That Inhibit Bacterial Protein Synthesis |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
Drugs That Inhibit Bacterial DNA/RNA Synthesis and Function |
|
|
557 | (4) |
|
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
Other Antibacterial Drugs |
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
Clinical Use of Antibacterial Drugs: Relationship to Specific Bacterial Infections |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
Resistance to Antibacterial Drugs |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
Special Concerns in Rehabilitation Patients |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
|
|
564 | (3) |
|
|
|
564 | (3) |
|
Treatment of Infections II: Antiviral Drugs |
|
|
567 | (23) |
|
Viral Structure and Function |
|
|
567 | (3) |
|
Classification of Viruses |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Characteristics of Viruses |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
|
|
570 | (7) |
|
Acyclovir and Valacyclovir |
|
|
570 | (2) |
|
Amantadine and Rimantadine |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
Famciclovir and Penciclovir |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
|
577 | (3) |
|
Synthesis and Cellular Effects of Interferons |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
Pharmacologic Applications of Interferons |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
Adverse Effects of Interferons |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
Control of Viral Infection with Vaccines |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
HIV and the Treatment of AIDS |
|
|
580 | (4) |
|
Inhibition of HIV Proliferation in Infected Individuals |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
Anti-HIV Drug Combinations: Use of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
Management of Opportunistic Infections |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
Relevance of Antiviral Chemotherapy in Rehabilitation Patients |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
|
|
585 | (5) |
|
|
|
585 | (5) |
|
Treatment of Infections III: Antifungal and Antiparasitic Drugs |
|
|
590 | (20) |
|
|
|
590 | (7) |
|
Systemic Antifungal Agents |
|
|
591 | (4) |
|
Topical Antifungal Agents |
|
|
595 | (2) |
|
|
|
597 | (7) |
|
|
|
597 | (4) |
|
Drugs Used to Treat Protozoal Infections in the Intestines and Other Tissues |
|
|
601 | (2) |
|
Other Antiprotozoal Drugs |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
|
|
604 | (3) |
|
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
Significance of Antifungal and Antiparasitic Drugs in Rehabilitation |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
|
|
608 | (2) |
|
|
|
608 | (2) |
|
|
|
610 | (23) |
|
|
|
611 | (2) |
|
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Cell-Cycle-Specific versus Cell-Cycle-Nonspecific Drugs |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Concepts of Growth Fraction and Total Cell Kill |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
Prevalence and Management of Adverse Effects |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
|
|
613 | (12) |
|
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
|
|
613 | (4) |
|
|
|
617 | (3) |
|
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
|
|
620 | (3) |
|
Biologic Response Modifiers |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
|
|
623 | (2) |
|
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
Use of Anticancer Drugs with other Treatments |
|
|
625 | (2) |
|
Success of Anticancer Drugs |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
Resistance to Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
Implications of Cancer Chemotherapy in Rehabilitation Patients |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
|
|
630 | (3) |
|
|
|
630 | (3) |
|
|
|
633 | (17) |
|
Overview of the Immune Response |
|
|
634 | (2) |
|
Pharmacologic Suppression of the Immune Response |
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
Specific Immunosuppressive Agents |
|
|
636 | (7) |
|
|
|
636 | (2) |
|
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
Other Methods of Immunosuppression |
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
|
|
643 | (2) |
|
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
Significance of Immunomodulating Agents in Rehabilitation |
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
|
|
646 | (4) |
|
|
|
646 | (4) |
| Appendix A: Drugs Administered by Iontophoresis and Phonophoresis |
|
650 | (2) |
| Appendix B: Potential Interactions between Physical Agents and Therapeutic Drugs |
|
652 | (3) |
| Appendix C: Use of the Physicians' Desk Reference |
|
655 | (2) |
| Appendix D: Drugs of Abuse |
|
657 | (3) |
| Appendix E: Common Drug Suffixes |
|
660 | (2) |
| Glossary |
|
662 | (9) |
| Index |
|
671 | |
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