Solid-Phase Extraction: Principles, Techniques, and Applications: Simpson, Nigel J. K.: 9780824700218: Book: : eCampus.com

Reference and text demonstrates the relationship of the basic theory of solid-phase extraction (SPE) to chromatography, illustrating how SPE techniques significantly contribute to the preparation of samples for a wide variety of analytical techniques.

Preface: SPE in Perspective

iii

Contributors

Introduction to Solid-Phase Extraction

(18)

Nigel J. K. Simpson

Martha J. M. Wells

The Sample Preparation Problem

(1)

Solid-Phase Extraction: What it is and What it Does

(3)

A Brief History of Solid-Phase Extraction

(7)

Terminology

(1)

Literature and Applications

(2)

An Overview of This Book

(1)

Conclusions

(4)

References

(3)

SPE Sorbents and Formats

(20)

Joseph J. Pesek

Maria T. Matyska

Introduction

(1)

Sorbent Materials

(13)

Solid-Phase Extraction Apparatus

(3)

Conclusions

(3)

References

(2)

The Sample Matrix and Its Influence on Method Development

(58)

Nigel J. K. Simpson

Paul M. Wynne

Introduction

(1)

Analysis of the Matrix

(3)

Negation of Analyte/Matrix Interactions

(10)

A Survey of Sample Types

(32)

Conclusions

(11)

References

(11)

Handling Large Volume Samples: Applications of SPE to Environmental Matrices

(28)

Martha J. M. Wells

Introduction

(1)

Large Volume Samples

(8)

Natural Organic Matter

106

(6)

Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Extremes

112

(6)

Conclusions

118

(7)

References

119

(6)

SPE Technology --- Principles and Practical Consequences

125

(58)

Michael Henry

Introduction

125

(3)

Sorptive Processes

128

(4)

Performance Characteristics of SPE Devices

132

(17)

Characterization of SPE Sorbents

149

(23)

A Summary of Solvents Used in SPE

172

(6)

Conclusions

178

(5)

References

179

(4)

Theory Meets Practice

183

(44)

Colin F. Poole

Salwa K. Poole

Introduction

183

(2)

Physical Properties of Solid-Phase Extraction Devices

185

(11)

Determination of Breakthrough Volumes

196

(2)

Prediction Methods for Breakthrough Volumes

198

(14)

Recovery of Sorbent-Immobilized Analytes

212

(5)

Sorbent Trapping of Volatile Compounds from Air

217

(2)

Solid-Phase Microextraction

219

(2)

Conclusions

221

(6)

References

222

(5)

Secondary Interactions and Mixed-Mode Extraction

227

(16)

Brian Law

Introduction

227

(2)

Cation-Exchange Effects

229

(2)

Hydrogen Bonding Effects

231

(2)

Minimization of Secondary Interactions

233

(4)

Mixed-Mode Extractions

237

(2)

Conclusions

239

(4)

References

240

(3)

Solid-Phase Extraction for Broad-Spectrum Drug Screening in Toxicological Analysis

243

(30)

Rokus R. De Zeeuw

Jan Piet Franke

Introduction

244

(2)

A General Solid-Phase Extraction Procedure

246

(4)

Specific Cases

250

(8)

General Considerations

258

(3)

Automation and Subsequent Method Modifications

261

(6)

Modification of Broad-Screen Extractions for Confirmation Testing

267

(2)

Conclusions

269

(4)

References

269

(4)

The Application of SPE to Veterinary Drug Abuse

273

(34)

Paul M. Wynne

Introduction

274

(2)

The Use of SPE in Forensic Racing Chemistry

276

(9)

Examples of Successful Extractions

285

(10)

Limitations of SPE for Veterinary Samples

295

(3)

The Crystal Ball

298

(5)

Conclusions

303

(4)

References

304

(3)

Solid-Phase Extraction of Biological Samples

307

(24)

Steen H. Ingwersen

Introduction

307

(1)

General Concerns with Biological Samples

308

(1)

A Strategy for Method Development for Plasma Samples

309

(19)

Extracting Urine and Solid Tissue Samples

328

(1)

Conclusions

329

(2)

References

329

(2)

Solid-Phase Extraction Mediated by Covalent Bonding: Applications of Immobilized Phenylboronic Acid

331

(18)

I. D. Wilson

P. Martin

Introduction

331

(1)

Mechanisms of Interaction of Analytes with Immobilized PBA

332

(3)

SPE Applications of Immobilized PBA

335

(11)

Conclusions

346

(3)

References

346

(3)

Immuno-Affinity Extraction

349

(12)

Derek Stevenson

Badrul A.A. Rashid

Seyyed J. Shahtaheri

Introduction

349

(1)

Types of Affinity Columns

350

(3)

Optimization of Antibody-Mediated Extraction

353

(2)

Applications

355

(3)

Conclusions

358

(3)

References

358

(3)

Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion (MSPD)

361

(20)

Steven A. Barker

Introduction

361

(3)

The Components of an MSPD Extraction

364

(7)

The Parameters of an MSPD Extraction

371

(4)

Requirements for MSPD-Dedicated Sorbents

375

(1)

Conclusions

375

(6)

References

376

(5)

Automation of Solid-Phase Extraction

381

(30)

Lynn Jordan

Introduction

381

(1)

Understanding Automated SPE

382

(3)

Workstations for Automated SPE

385

(14)

Automation of SPE Applications

399

(10)

Conclusions

409

(2)

References

410

(1)

Integration of SPE with the Analytical Technique, PART I -- LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

411

(26)

Nigel J. K. Simpson

Introduction

411

(1)

The Development of On-Line SPE/Liquid Chromatography

412

(5)

Theory and Practical Implications

417

(6)

Applications of On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction

423

(10)

Conclusions

433

(4)

References

434

(3)

Integration of SPE with the Analytical Technique, PART II

437

(30)

Nigel J.K. Simpson

Introduction

437

(2)

Alternative Desorption/Trapping Strategies

439

(6)

SPE and Spectroscopy

445

(7)

SPE and Gas Chromatography

452

(6)

Other Analytical Techniques

458

(2)

Conclusions

460

(7)

References

461

(6)

Concluding Thoughts --- New Directions for SPE

467

(14)

Nigel J.K. Simpson

Where Does the Future of SPE Lie?

467

(1)

What Will Permit Future SPE Development?

468

(1)

What Will Drive Future SPE Development?

469

(1)

What Effect Will These Changes have on the SPE Device Itself?

470

(3)

How Will the Sorbents Evolve?

473

(3)

Will SPE Ever Become a Redundant Technology?

476

(5)

References

477

(4)

Appendix 1 A Summary of Common Matrix Properties and Components

481

(8)

Appendix 2 A Comparison Between Solid-Phase Extraction and other Sample Processing Techniques

489

(4)

Appendix 3 Ion Exchange Extraction

493

(6)

Appendix 4 A Summary of Current Suppliers of SPE Automation Equipment

499

(4)

Index

503


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