Fungal Pathogenesis in Plants and Crops: Molecular Biology and Host Defense Mechanism: Vidhyasekaran: 9780824700393: Book: Technology: eCampus.com

Covers various aspects of molecular plant pathology from the molecular basis of host defense mechanism to the supression of defense mechanisms by fungal pathogens to fungal infection processes.

Preface

iii

Part I Molecular Events During Early Recognition Process

(105)

1. Pathogen Recognizes Host; Host Recognizes Pathogen

(105)

I Fungal Pathogens Recognize the Host When They Come into Contact With Host Surface

(10)

II Plant Recognizes Pathogens When Physical Contact Between Them Occurs

(11)

III Elicitor Molecule Signals Induction of Various Defense Mechanisms of Plants

(3)

IV Host Enzymes Release Elicitors from Fungal Cell Surface

(7)

V Enzymes of Pathogens Release Elicitors of Host Origin

(3)

VI Synergistic Action of Fungal Cell Wall Elicitors and Host Cell Wall Elicitors

(2)

VII Receptor Sites for Elicitors May Exist in Host Cell Membrane

(1)

VIII Signal Transduction

(1)

IX Intracellular Signal Transduction

(8)

X Systemic Signal Transduction

(8)

XI How Do Pathogens Avoid or Overcome Elicitor-Induced Host Defense Mechanisms?

(15)

XII Conclusion

(2)

References

(34)

Part II Molecular Events During Fungal Evasion of Host's Defense Mechanisms

106

(388)

2. Cell Wall

106

(130)

I Structure of Plant Cell Wall

106

(5)

II Penetration of Epicuticular Waxy Layer by Pathogens

111

(1)

III Pathogens Produce Cutinases to Breach Cuticle Barrier

112

(13)

IV Melanin Deposition in Apressoria is Required for Penetration of Host Plant Cell Walls by Fungal Pathogens

125

(8)

V Pathogens Produce Pectic Enzymes to Breach Pectinaceous Barrier

133

(11)

VI Pathogens Produce Cellulolytic Enzymes to Breach Cell Wall Barrier

144

(2)

VII Pathogens Produce Hemicellulases to Breach Cell Wall Barrier

146

(2)

VIII Proteases May Be Involved in Degradation of Cell Wall Proteins

148

(1)

IX Pathogens Produce a Variety of Enzymes to Degrade the Complex-Natured Cell Wall

148

(1)

X Pathogens Adapt to the Nature of the Cell Walls of Host and Produce Suitable Cell-Wall-Degrading Enzymes

149

(1)

XI Pathogens Produce Cell-Wall-Degrading Enzymes in a Sequence

150

(1)

XII Reinforcement of Host Cell Wall During Fungal Invasion

151

(12)

XIII Hydroxyproline-Rich Glycoprotein

163

(7)

XIV Host Cell Wall Responds to Pathogen Attack by Activating Phenylpropanoid Metabolism

170

(5)

XV Lignin

175

(7)

XVI Suberin

182

(5)

XVII Deposition of Mineral Elements in Host Cell Wall in Response to Fungal Invasion

187

(2)

XVIII Conclusion

189

(3)

References

192

(44)

3. Lipid Breakdown Products and Active Oxygen Species

236

(28)

I Lipid Peroxidation Products

236

(1)

II Lipid Hydroperoxides Decomposition Products

237

(2)

III Products of Lipoxygenase Activity are Inhibitory to Pathogens

239

(1)

IV Lipoxygenase is Involved in Host's Defense Mechanisms

240

(2)

V How Do Pathogens Overcome Lipoxygenase-Induced Host Defense Mechanisms?

242

(3)

VI Active Oxygen Species

245

(1)

VII Active Oxygen Species Induce Resistance

246

(3)

VIII How Does the Pathogen Overcome the Toxicity of Active Oxygen Species?

249

(2)

IX Oxygen Species May Be Involved in Necrotic Symptom Development Rather Than Inducing Resistance in Susceptible Tissues

251

(1)

X Active Oxygen Species May Not Be Involved in Host Defense Mechanisms

252

(1)

XI Conclusion

253

(1)

References

254

(10)

4. Pathogenesis-Related Proteins and Other Antifungal Proteins

264

(116)

I Defense-Related Proteins

264

(1)

II What Are PR Proteins?

264

(1)

III PR Proteins Are Ubiquitous in Plants

265

(3)

IV Structure of PR Proteins

268

(24)

V Antifungal Proteins

292

(1)

VI Biosynthesis of PR Proteins

293

(11)

VII Secretion of PR Proteins

304

(3)

VIII Signals for Transcriptional Induction of PR Proteins

307

(7)

IX PR Proteins Are Expressed in Plants During Normal Development Also

314

(3)

X Antifungal Action of PR Proteins

317

(6)

XI How Do Pathogens Overcome PR Proteins of the Host?

323

(5)

XII Conclusion

338

(1)

References

339

(41)

5. Phytoalexins

380

(76)

I What Are Phytoalexins?

380

(1)

II Biosynthesis of Phenylpropanoid Phytoalexins

381

(23)

III Stilbenes

404

(3)

IV Dihydroxyphenanthrene Phytoalexins

407

(1)

V Sesquiterpenoid Phytoalexins

407

(3)

VI Diterpenoid Phytoalexins

410

(2)

VII Site of Synthesis of Phytoalexins

412

(1)

VIII Phytoalexins Are Fungitoxic

413

(1)

IX How Do Pathogens Overcome the Antifungal Phytoalexins?

414

(15)

X Conclusion

429

(1)

References

430

(26)

6. Phytoanticipins

456

(38)

I What Are Phytoanticipins?

456

(1)

II Phenolics

456

(16)

III Glucosinolates

472

(5)

IV Cyanogenic Glucosides

477

(1)

V Saponins

477

(2)

VI Steroid Alkaloid

479

(1)

VII Dienes

480

(1)

VIII Antimetabolites

480

(1)

IX Conclusion

481

(1)

References

482

(12)

Part III Molecular Events During Disease Symptom Development

494

(47)

7. Role of Toxins in Cell Membrane Dysfunction and Cell Death

494

(47)

I Cell Membrane is an Active Site for Induction of Defense Mechanisms

494

(1)

II Pathogens Produce Phytotoxins That Act on Cell Membranes and Suppress Defense Mechanisms of the Host

495

(5)

III Pathogens Cause Membrane Dysfunction

500

(14)

IV How Do Pathogens Induce Membrane Dysfunction Only in Susceptible Hosts?

514

(7)

V Conclusion

521

(1)

References

522

(19)

Index

541


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