Asthma and Immunological Diseases in Pregnancy and Early Infancy: Schatz, Michael: 9780824700959: Book: : eCampus.com

Univ. of California, San Diego. Current status on the relationship between asthma and immunological disease and pregnancy, and specific treatments and optimum management measures. For clinicians and researchers. 50 contributors, 42 U.S.

Introduction

iii

(2)

Claude Lenfant

Preface

(2)

Contributors

vii

Part One Basic Science

(112)

1. Hormonal Changes During Normal Pregnancy and Their Consequences

(24)

Joseph F. Mortola

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Progesterone

(3)

III. Estrogens

(4)

IV. Prostaglandins

(1)

V. Cortisol and Deoxycorticosterone

(1)

VI. hCG

(2)

VII. Placental Growth Hormones

(2)

VIII. Thyroid Hormones

(1)

IX. Prolactin

(1)

X. Calcitropic Hormones

(1)

XI. Summary

(1)

References

(8)

2. Fetal Oxygenation, Acid-Base Balance, and Assessment of Well-Being in the Pregnancy Complicated by Asthma or Anaphylaxis

(30)

Larry Cousins

Valerian A. Catanzarite

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Respiratory Gas Exchange

(10)

III. Uteroplacental-Fetal Oxygen Utilization

(1)

IV. Uteroplacental and Fetal Blood Flow

(2)

V. Relation of Alterations of Maternal Oxygenation to Fetal Oxygenation and Acid-Base Status

(1)

VI. Effect of Anaphylaxis on the Fetus

(1)

VII. Fetal Assessment

(7)

VIII. Obstetrical Management of the Pregnant Asthmatic Patient

(3)

References

(5)

3. Pulmonary Function During Pregnancy

(16)

Robert A. Wise

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Lung Volumes

(3)

III. Spirometry and Airflow Mechanics

(1)

IV. Chest Wall and Abdominal Mechanics

(1)

V. Ventilation and Gas Exchange

(3)

VI. Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide

(1)

VII. Dyspnea in Pregnancy

(1)

VIII. Pulmonary Function in Disease States During Pregnancy

(1)

References

(6)

4. Maternal Immune Function During Pregnancy

(28)

Reuben Falkoff

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Humoral Immunity

(5)

III. Cell-Mediated Immunity

(10)

IV. Summary

(1)

References

(11)

5. The Immunology of Pregnancy: The Fetus as Allograft

101

(14)

Henry N. Claman

I. Introduction

101

(2)

II. The Materno-Fetal Interface

103

(1)

III. Is the Uterus an "Immunologically Privileged Site?"

103

(1)

IV. HLA Expression on the Trophoblast

104

(2)

V. Other Antigens at the Materno-Fetal Interface

106

(1)

VI. Cells in Placental Tissue

106

(1)

VII. Placental Cytokines

107

(1)

VIII. Cellular Traffic Across the Feto-Maternal Interface

108

(1)

IX. Fetal Cell Traffic

108

(1)

X. Immunoglobulin Transfer to the Fetus

109

(1)

XI. Maternal Immunological Reactions to the Fetus

109

(2)

XII. Summary

111

(1)

References

111

(4)

Part Two General Therapeutics

115

(146)

6. Psychological Changes During Pregnancy: Implications for Medical Care

117

(20)

Andrea Bein Stone

Walter A. Brown

I. Introduction

117

(1)

II. Overview

118

(2)

III. Anxiety

120

(2)

IV. Mood Changes During Pregnancy

122

(2)

V. Cognitive Changes

124

(1)

VI. Special Issues

125

(4)

VII. Implications for Medical Care

129

(3)

VIII. Summary

132

(1)

References

133

(4)

7. Use of Medication During Pregnancy and Lactation: General Considerations

137

(20)

Richard S. Abrams

Clement P. Hoffman

I. Introduction

137

(5)

II. Developmental Toxicity of Drugs

142

(1)

III. Principles of Teratogenesis

143

(5)

IV. Pharmacokinetic Alterations During Pregnancy

148

(3)

V. Drugs and Lactation

151

(1)

VI. Risk Counseling

152

(2)

References

154

(3)

8. Pregnancy Effects of Specific Medications Used to Treat Asthma and Immunological Diseases

157

(72)

Anthony R. Scialli

Armand Lione

I. Developmental Toxicology

158

(1)

II. Elements of Causation

159

(4)

III. Using Experimental Animal Data

163

(2)

IV. Case Reports and Human Epidemiologic Studies

165

(1)

V. Antihistamines

166

(7)

VI. Glucocorticoids

173

(2)

VII. Sympathomimetics

175

(10)

VIII. Mast Cell Stabilizers

185

(1)

IX. Methylxanthines

185

(3)

X. Anticholinergics

188

(1)

XI. Antibiotics

189

(6)

XII. Expectorants and Antitussives

195

(3)

XIII. Desensitization ("Allergy Shots")

198

(1)

XIV. Influenza Vaccine

198

(1)

XV. Analgesics/Antipyretics

198

(3)

XVI. Summary

201

(1)

References

201

(28)

9. Medical/Legal Aspects of Prescribing During Pregnancy

229

(32)

Frederick H. Fern

Christopher P. Orlando

Jean A. Hobart

I. Introduction

229

(1)

II. Characterizing a Legal Action on Behalf of a Fetus

230

(2)

III. Food and Drug Administration Regulation

232

(2)

IV. Responsibility to the Fetus

234

(3)

V. Lessons from Litigation

237

(2)

VI. Legal Standards for Causation

239

(6)

VII. Proven, Possible, and Unlikely Teratogens

245

(3)

VIII. Prescribing During Pregnancy

248

(5)

IX. Conclusion

253

(1)

Notes and Reference

253

(8)

Part Three Allergic Diseases

261

(126)

10. Allergy Diagnosis, Environmental Control, and Immunotherapy During Pregnancy

263

(16)

Helen Mawhinney

Sheldon Laurence Spector

I. Introduction

263

(1)

II. Allergy Diagnosis in Pregnancy

264

(2)

III. Environmental Control of Asthma

266

(7)

IV. Allergy Immunotherapy

273

(2)

V. Conclusion

275

(1)

References

275

(4)

11. The Diagnosis and Treatment of Rhinosinusitis During Pregnancy and Lactation

279

(36)

Gary A. Incaudo

I. Introduction

279

(1)

II. Nasal Physiology in Pregnancy

280

(2)

III. Nasal Pathophysiology During the Childbearing Years

282

(2)

IV. Diagnostic Approach

284

(6)

V. Pharmacological Treatment of Rhinitis

290

(7)

VI. Immunological Management

297

(1)

VII. Treatment of Sinusitis

298

(7)

VIII. Conclusion

305

(1)

Note Added in Proof

306

(1)

References

307

(8)

12. Anaphylaxis in Pregnancy

315

(16)

Stephen I. Wasserman

I. Introduction

315

(1)

II. Definition

315

(1)

III. Epidemiology

316

(1)

IV. Etiological Mechanisms

316

(2)

V. Clinical and Pathophysiological Findings

318

(1)

VI. Pathological and Laboratory Manifestations of Anaphylaxis

319

(1)

VII. Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Anaphylaxis

320

(1)

VIII. Pathogenic Mechanisms in Anaphylaxis

321

(1)

IX. Considerations in Pregnancy

322

(1)

X. Management of the Patient with Anaphylaxis

323

(3)

XI. Prevention

326

(1)

XII. Prognosis

327

(1)

References

328

(3)

13. Cutaneous Diseases During Pregnancy

331

(36)

Gary M. White

Robert S. Zeiger

I. Introduction

331

(1)

II. Cutaneous Changes in Pregnancy

332

(3)

III. Pruritus: General Aspects

335

(8)

IV. Pregnancy-Related Dermatoses

343

(4)

V. Urticaria and Angioedema

347

(3)

VI. Hereditary Angioedema

350

(6)

VII. Atopic Dermatitis

356

(3)

VIII. Miscellaneous Cutaneous Immunological Disorders

359

(3)

References

362

(5)

14. Immunologically Mediated Adverse Drug Reactions in Pregnancy

367

(20)

Gillian M. Shepherd

I. Introduction

367

(2)

II. Diagnosis

369

(1)

III. Treatment of Specific Reactions

370

(7)

IV. Special Problems

377

(6)

References

383

(4)

Part Four Asthma

387

(112)

15. Effects of Asthma on Pregnancy and Labor

389

(12)

Donna S. Dizon-Townson

Steven L. Clark

I. Introduction

389

(1)

II. Clinical Course of Pregnancy Complicated by Asthma

390

(8)

III. Conclusions

398

(1)

References

398

(3)

16. Effect of Pregnancy on Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

401

(28)

Elizabeth F. Juniper

Michael T. Newhouse

I. Introduction

401

(1)

II. Evaluation of an Intervention

402

(1)

III. Study Design

402

(5)

IV. Loss to Follow-Up and Withdrawals

407

(1)

V. Subjects

408

(2)

VI. Measures of Outcome

410

(2)

VII. Other Factors Affecting Asthma Severity During Pregnancy

412

(2)

VIII. Results

414

(8)

IX. Mechanisms

422

(2)

X. Conclusions

424

(1)

References

425

(4)

17. Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Bronchial Asthma in Pregnancy

429

(16)

Allan T. Luskin

I. Introduction

429

(1)

II. Definition of Asthma

430

(1)

III. Pathology and Pathophysiology

430

(2)

IV. Diagnosis of Asthma

432

(4)

V. Differential Diagnosis

436

(5)

VI. Conclusion

441

(1)

References

441

(4)

18. The Medical Management of Asthma During Pregnancy

445

(24)

Michael Schatz

I. Introduction

445

(1)

II. Asthma: General Concepts

446

(2)

III. Gestational Asthma Management

448

(14)

References

462

(7)

19. Prevention and Treatment of Severe Asthma During Pregnancy

469

(18)

Paul A. Greenberger

Roy Patterson

I. Introduction

469

(1)

II. Recent Advances in Asthma

470

(2)

III. Pregnancy Outcomes

472

(1)

IV. Physiological Changes During Gestation

473

(1)

V. Classification of Asthma Severity During Gestation

474

(1)

VI. Special Considerations in Asthma Management

475

(2)

VII. Choice of Therapy

477

(5)

References

482

(5)

20. The Obstetrical Management of Pregnant Asthmatics

487

(12)

Mitchell P. Dombrowski

I. Introduction

487

(2)

II. Asthma Management

489

(1)

III. Antenatal Management

490

(3)

IV. Labor and Delivery Management

493

(2)

V. Breast Feeding

495

(1)

References

495

(4)

Part Five Immunological Diseases

499

(154)

21. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Pregnancy

501

(22)

Michael D. Lockshin

I. Definition of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

501

(1)

II. Effects of SLE on Pregnancy

502

(6)

III. Effects of Pregnancy on SLE

508

(1)

IV. Potential Effects of Specific Treatments on Pregnancy

509

(2)

V. Optimal Gestational Management

511

(2)

VI. Long-Term Outcome

513

(1)

VII. Summary

513

(1)

References

514

(9)

22. Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Arthropathies During Pregnancy

523

(28)

J. Lee Nelson

Monika E. Ostensen

I. Introduction

523

(1)

II. Rheumatoid Arthritis

523

(16)

III. Juvenile Chronic Arthritis and Adult Still's Disease

539

(2)

IV. Spondyloarthropathies

541

(1)

V. Summary and Conclusions

541

(2)

References

543

(8)

23. "Other" Autoimmune Diseases in Pregnancy

551

(20)

Geeta Khare

Henry N. Claman

I. Introduction

551

(1)

II. Scleroderma

552

(1)

III. Sjogren's Syndrome

553

(2)

IV. Behcet's Disease

555

(1)

V. Wegener's Granulomatosis

555

(1)

VI. Polyarteritis Nodosa

556

(1)

VII. Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

556

(1)

VIII. Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

557

(1)

IX. Grave's Disease

558

(1)

X. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

559

(1)

XI. Thyroid Autoimmunity Without Overt Disease

559

(1)

XII. Multiple Sclerosis

560

(1)

XIII. Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

561

(1)

XIV. Pemphigoid Gestationis (PG)

561

(1)

XV. Pemphigus Vulgaris

562

(1)

XVI. Dermatomyositis/Polymyositis

562

(1)

XVII. Summary

563

(1)

References

564

(7)

24. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Pregnancy

571

(34)

Pamela Stratton

Mary Jo O'Sullivan

Adolfo Gonzalez-Garcia

I. Epidemiology and History

571

(1)

II. Viral Biology

572

(3)

III. Laboratory Diagnosis

575

(1)

IV. Risk Factors for Transmission

575

(6)

V. Screening, Counselling, and Testing

581

(1)

VI. Treatment with Zidovudine to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission

582

(2)

VII. Other Therapies for HIV Infection

584

(1)

VIII. Pregnancy Effects

584

(2)

IX. Neonatal/Infant Outcome

586

(1)

X. Principles of Prenatal Care

587

(2)

XI. Future Considerations

589

(2)

Note Added in Proof

591

(1)

References

591

(14)

25. Immune Deficiency During Pregnancy

605

(34)

Frederick M. Schaffer

I. Introduction

605

(1)

II. Prevalence of Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders

606

(1)

III. Clinical B-Lymphocyte Disorders

606

(7)

IV. Pregnancy and Clinical B-Lymphocyte Disorders

613

(4)

V. Complement Deficiencies

617

(8)

VI. Granulocyte Disorders

625

(2)

VII. Pregnancy and Granulocyte Disorders

627

(3)

References

630

(9)

26. Immunological Causes of Fetal Loss

639

(14)

Henry N. Claman

I. Introduction

639

(1)

II. Frequency of Spontaneous Pregnancy Loss

640

(1)

III. Definitions of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

640

(1)

IV. Causes of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion

641

(1)

V. Immunological Causes of Recurrent Fetal Loss

641

(2)

VI. Maternal Immune Responses and RSAb

643

(2)

VII. RSAb and Sharing of MHC Antigens

645

(4)

VIII. Summary

649

(1)

References

650

(3)

Part Six Development/Prevention of Allergic Diseases in Infancy

653

(160)

27. The Genetic Basis of Asthma and Allergic Disease

655

(22)

William O. C. M. Cookson

I. Introduction

655

(1)

II. Asthma and Atopy Phenotypes

656

(1)

III. Factors Confounding Genetic Studies of Atopy

657

(1)

IV. The Inheritance of Atopy

658

(3)

V. Finding Genes

661

(1)

VI. Genes Influencing Asthma and Atopy

661

(7)

VII. Whole-Genome Screens for Atopy and Asthma

668

(1)

VIII. Genes and Environment

669

(1)

IX. Screening

670

(1)

References

670

(7)

28. Risk Factors in the Development of Allergy

677

(26)

Bengt Bjorksten

N-I Max Kjellman

I. Introduction

677

(1)

II. Epidemiology

678

(2)

III. Immunological Aspects

680

(3)

IV. Prenatal Factors

683

(3)

V. Infant Feeding

686

(2)

VI. Exposure to Inhalant Allergens

688

(1)

VII. Non-Specific Environmental Factors

689

(6)

VIII. Concluding Remarks

695

(1)

References

695

(8)

29. The Natural History of Allergic Disease and Asthma in Childhood

703

(58)

Steven W. Rubinstein

I. Introduction

703

(1)

II. The Natural History of Atopy and Asthma in Early Childhood

704

(7)

III. Risk Factors for the Development of Allergic Disease/Asthma

711

(7)

IV. Asthma: Retrospective Studies

718

(2)

V. Asthma: Prospective Studies

720

(5)

VI. Risk Factors for the Persistence of Asthma

725

(17)

VII. Persistence of Atopic Dermatitis

742

(2)

VIII. Persistence of Chronic Urticaria

744

(1)

IX. Persistence of Food Allergy and Intolerance

744

(4)

X. Conclusion

748

(2)

References

750

(11)

30. Prevention of Allergic Disease in Infancy

761

(52)

Robert S. Zeiger

I. Overview of Allergy Prevention

761

(3)

II. Primary Prevention of Allergy

764

(17)

III. Secondary Prevention of Allergy

781

(4)

IV. Tertiary Allergy Prevention

785

(7)

V. Future of Allergy Prevention

792

(2)

VI. Implications and Recommendations for the Prevention of Atopy

794

(1)

Appendix I: Southern California Permanente Medical Group Allergy Department

795

(3)

Appendix II: Representative Potentially Allergenic Foods: Identification and Avoidance

798

(3)

References

801

(12)

Part Seven Allergic and Immunological Diseases During Infancy

813

(178)

31. The Wheezing Infant

815

(44)

Alan F. Isles

Claire E. Wainwright

Christopher J. L. Newth

I. Introduction

815

(1)

II. Predisposing Factors

816

(7)

III. An Approach to the Differential Diagnosis of Wheeze in Infancy

823

(2)

IV. Specific Conditions

825

(18)

V. An Approach to Treatment of the Individual Patient

843

(7)

References

850

(9)

32. Food Hypersensitivity in Infancy

859

(40)

S. Allan Bock

Hugh A. Sampson

I. Introduction and Definition of Terms

859

(1)

II. Prevalence

860

(2)

III. Clinical Presentation of Food Hypersensitivity

862

(11)

IV. Pathogenesis and Immunology

873

(5)

V. Laboratory Diagnosis

878

(3)

VI. Treatment

881

(2)

VII. Natural History and Prognosis

883

(2)

VIII. Vaccine Administration in Egg-Hypersensitive Children

885

(2)

IX. Unproved Diagnostic and Therapeutic Practices

887

(1)

X. Future Considerations

888

(2)

References

890

(9)

33. Atopic Dermatitis and Other Immunological Dermatoses of Infancy

899

(24)

Michael H. Mellon

I. Atopic Dermatitis

899

(15)

II. Urticaria

914

(1)

III. Hereditary Angioedema

915

(2)

IV. Mastocytosis

917

(1)

References

918

(5)

34. Immunobiology of the Neonate and an Overview of Immune Deficiencies in the Neonatal Period

923

(68)

Richard I. Schiff

Noah J. Friedman

I. Immunobiology of the Neonate

923

(27)

II. Immunodeficiency Diseases Presenting in Infancy

950

(20)

References

970

(21)

Author Index

991

(100)

Subject Index

1091


	Buy Textbooks Sell Textbooks College Apparel Shop by School Virtual Bookstores	Order Status Shipping Rates Return Policy Marketplace Info F.A.S.T.	Contact Us Privacy Policy Legal Notices Site Security Employment	Help Desk eCampus Blog Affiliate Program Bulk Orders College Marketing

Need Help? eService@ecampus.com Copyright© 1999-2008
.