| Preface |
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iii | |
| Contributors |
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xiii | |
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Upper Airway Surgical Anatomy |
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1 | (24) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (4) |
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5 | (7) |
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12 | (13) |
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23 | (2) |
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The Anatomy of Sleep Disordered Breathing: An Evolutionary Perspective |
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25 | (20) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (4) |
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Evolutionary Anatomic Changes |
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30 | (7) |
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Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Studies on Anatomic Correlations with SDB |
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37 | (3) |
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40 | (5) |
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41 | (4) |
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Physiology of Sleep Disordered Breathing |
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45 | (22) |
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45 | (2) |
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Static and Dynamic Forces |
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47 | (4) |
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51 | (8) |
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Balance of Forces and Starling Resistor |
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59 | (3) |
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62 | (5) |
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62 | (5) |
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Maintenance of Wakefulness |
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67 | (14) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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Wakefulness and Sleepiness |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (1) |
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Respiratory Physiology During Normal Sleep |
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71 | (1) |
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Arousal Responses to Respiratory Alterations During Sleep |
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72 | (1) |
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Effects of Sleep Apnea on Sleep Architecture |
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73 | (1) |
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The Role of Sleep Fragmentation on Wakefulness |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (7) |
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76 | (5) |
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81 | (14) |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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Variables Monitored During Sleep |
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82 | (4) |
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Technical Aspects of Recording PSGs |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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Scoring Esophageal Pressure |
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88 | (1) |
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Abnormal Respiratory Patterns in SDB |
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89 | (3) |
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Comparison of PSGs to Ambulatory Sleep Studies |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (3) |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (48) |
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95 | (1) |
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Rationale for Sleep Testing |
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95 | (4) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (3) |
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The Multichannel Home Sleep Test |
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102 | (3) |
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105 | (7) |
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Sleep Machines Available to Otolaryngologists and Primary Care Physicians |
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112 | (21) |
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Night-to-Night Variability |
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133 | (1) |
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Evaluation and Treatment Algorithm |
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134 | (5) |
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139 | (4) |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (12) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (7) |
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VSE: Where Does It Stand? |
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152 | (3) |
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153 | (2) |
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Special Diagnostic Studies in Sleep Apnea |
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155 | (24) |
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155 | (1) |
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Lateral Cephalometric X-Rays |
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155 | (4) |
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159 | (7) |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
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166 | (3) |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (6) |
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174 | (5) |
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Clinical Staging for Sleep Disordered Breathing: A Guide to Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis |
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179 | (10) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (2) |
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Physical Findings as a Clinical Predictor of SDB |
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182 | (1) |
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Stages as a Predictor of Successful UPPP |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (3) |
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186 | (3) |
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Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome |
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189 | (14) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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Initiation of CPAP Treatment |
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190 | (1) |
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Special PAP Delivery Systems |
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191 | (1) |
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Potential CPAP-Use Difficulties |
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192 | (1) |
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Strategies for Compliance Optimization |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (2) |
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CPAP vs. Other Nonsurgical Modes of Therapy |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (6) |
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197 | (6) |
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Nonsurgical Management: Oral Appliances |
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203 | (20) |
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Sites and Causes of Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
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203 | (1) |
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Patient Examination Criteria Favoring Oral Appliances |
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203 | (3) |
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Treatment Options Other Than Surgery or CPAP |
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206 | (11) |
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Treatment Protocol for Oral Appliances |
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217 | (6) |
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222 | (1) |
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Patient Selection for Surgery |
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223 | (10) |
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223 | (1) |
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Patient Concerns and Complaints |
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223 | (1) |
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Assess the Severity of the Disorder and Evaluate Underlying Co-morbidities |
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224 | (1) |
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Physical Examination: Assess Sites of Airway Narrowing and Collapse |
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225 | (8) |
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230 | (3) |
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Anesthesia Management for Sleep Apnea Surgery |
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233 | (8) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (2) |
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235 | (1) |
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Intraoperative Management |
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235 | (3) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (3) |
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239 | (2) |
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Nasal Surgery for Sleep Apnea Patients |
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241 | (14) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (11) |
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252 | (3) |
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Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty |
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255 | (10) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (6) |
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263 | (2) |
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264 | (1) |
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Surgery of the Palate and Oropharynx: Laser-Assisted Techniques |
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265 | (12) |
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Laser-Assisted Uvulopalatoplasty |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (6) |
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272 | (5) |
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275 | (2) |
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Temperature-Controlled Radiofrequency Palatoplasty |
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277 | (10) |
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277 | (1) |
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Temperature-Controlled Radiofrequency Basics |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (5) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (2) |
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285 | (2) |
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Coblation Techniques for Sleep Disordered Breathing |
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287 | (20) |
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287 | (1) |
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Technical Aspects of Coblation |
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288 | (4) |
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Clinical Applications of Coblation |
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292 | (11) |
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303 | (4) |
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303 | (4) |
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Cautery-Assisted Palatal Stiffening Operation |
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307 | (8) |
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307 | (2) |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (2) |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (4) |
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313 | (2) |
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Transpalatal Advancement Pharyngoplasty |
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315 | (10) |
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317 | (2) |
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319 | (3) |
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322 | (3) |
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323 | (2) |
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325 | (6) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (2) |
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329 | (1) |
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329 | (2) |
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330 | (1) |
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Skeletal Techniques: Mandible |
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331 | (16) |
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332 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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332 | (2) |
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334 | (2) |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (2) |
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Surgical Anatomy Concerns |
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339 | (3) |
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342 | (1) |
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Complications and Avoidance Strategies |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (3) |
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344 | (3) |
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Skeletal Techniques: Hypopharynx |
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347 | (8) |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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349 | (1) |
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350 | (2) |
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352 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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Skeletal Techniques: Mandible and Maxilla |
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355 | (10) |
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Rationale for Maxillomandibular Advancement |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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Maxillomandibular Advancement Procedure |
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356 | (2) |
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358 | (1) |
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358 | (2) |
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360 | (1) |
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361 | (4) |
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361 | (4) |
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Radiofrequency Tissue Volume Reduction of the Tongue |
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365 | (8) |
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365 | (1) |
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Basic Science of RF Tissue Volume Reduction |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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367 | (2) |
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Complications and Avoidance Strategies |
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369 | (4) |
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370 | (3) |
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373 | (16) |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (5) |
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380 | (2) |
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382 | (2) |
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384 | (1) |
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385 | (4) |
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387 | (2) |
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Surgery for Pediatric Sleep Apnea |
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389 | (20) |
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389 | (1) |
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Causes of SRBD in Children |
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389 | (2) |
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Diagnosis of SRBD in Children |
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391 | (1) |
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Management of SRBD in Children |
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392 | (17) |
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403 | (6) |
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Surgery for the Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome |
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409 | (8) |
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415 | (2) |
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Electrical Stimulation for Sleep Disordered Breathing |
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417 | (10) |
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417 | (1) |
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Neuromuscular Stimulation of the Tongue |
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417 | (1) |
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Direct Selective Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation |
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418 | (1) |
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Implantable Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation System |
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419 | (4) |
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Therapeutic Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
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423 | (1) |
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424 | (3) |
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424 | (3) |
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Temperature-Controlled Radiofrequency Tonsil Reduction |
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427 | (10) |
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427 | (1) |
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427 | (2) |
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429 | (1) |
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429 | (3) |
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432 | (1) |
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433 | (2) |
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435 | (2) |
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435 | (2) |
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Harmonic Scalpel in Tonsillectomy |
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437 | (8) |
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437 | (1) |
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Technological Considerations |
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437 | (2) |
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439 | (2) |
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441 | (1) |
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442 | (1) |
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442 | (3) |
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443 | (2) |
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Post-operative Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients |
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445 | (8) |
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446 | (1) |
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Identification of Risk Factors |
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446 | (2) |
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Consideration of Comorbid Risk Factors |
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448 | (1) |
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Post-operative Management in the Pediatric Population |
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449 | (2) |
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451 | (2) |
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451 | (2) |
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Avoidance of Complications in Sleep Apnea Patients |
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453 | (12) |
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453 | (1) |
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453 | (2) |
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455 | (2) |
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457 | (5) |
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462 | (3) |
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462 | (3) |
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Failure Analysis in Sleep Apnea Surgery |
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465 | (14) |
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465 | (1) |
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Measuring-Success and Failure |
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466 | (3) |
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Why Surgical Procedures Fail |
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469 | (1) |
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Best Current Methods of Evaluation |
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470 | (2) |
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472 | (7) |
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473 | (6) |
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The Ideal Procedure for Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
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479 | (6) |
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479 | (3) |
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482 | (3) |
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483 | (2) |
| Index |
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485 | |