| Section 1 Laboratory Animals |
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Guiding Principles in the Use of Animals in Toxicology |
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1 | (1) |
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General Information Sources for the Care and Use of Research Animals |
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2 | (1) |
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Approximate Daily Food and Water Requirements for Various Species |
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2 | (1) |
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Typical Routes and Dosages of Several Sedative, Analgesic, and Anesthetic Agents |
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3 | (1) |
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Summary of the Characteristics of Several Euthanasia Methods |
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4 | (2) |
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Common Strains of Laboratory Mice |
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6 | (1) |
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Common Strains of Laboratory Rats |
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7 | (2) |
| Section 2 Acute/Chronic Toxicology |
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Organ Weight Requirements---Standard Study Guidelines |
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9 | (1) |
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Microscopic Pathology Requirements---Standard Study Guidelines---Tissues Most Often Recommended for Chronic Studies |
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10 | (2) |
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Common Abbreviations and Codes Used in Histopathology |
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12 | (1) |
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Frequently Used Grading Schemes for Histopathology |
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13 | (1) |
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Suggested Dose Volumes (ml/kg) for Test Material Administration |
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14 | (1) |
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Suggested Dosing Apparatus/Needle Sizes (Gauge) for Test Material Administration |
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15 | (1) |
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Body Weight: Surface Area Conversion Table |
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16 | (1) |
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Equivalent Surface Area Dosage Conversion Factors |
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16 | (1) |
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Comparison of Dosage by Weight and Surface Area |
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17 | (1) |
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Approximate Diet Conversion Factors (ppm to mg/kg) |
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17 | (1) |
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Clinical Signs of Toxicity |
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18 | (4) |
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22 | (1) |
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Toxic Signs of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition |
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23 | (1) |
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Effect of Decreased Body Weights on Relative Organ Weights of Rats |
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23 | (2) |
| Section 3 Dermal Toxicology |
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Draize Dermal Irritation Scoring System |
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25 | (1) |
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Human Patch Test Dermal Irritation Scoring System |
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26 | (1) |
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Chamber Scarification Dermal Irritation Scoring System |
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26 | (1) |
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Magnusson Sensitization Scoring System |
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27 | (1) |
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Split Adjuvant Sensitization Scoring System |
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27 | (1) |
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Buehler Sensitization Scoring System |
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27 | (1) |
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Contact Photosensitization Scoring System |
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28 | (1) |
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Human Patch Test Sensitization Scoring System |
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28 | (1) |
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method of Calculating the Primary Irritation Index (PII) for Dermal Irritation Studies |
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29 | (1) |
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Federal Hazardous Substances Act (CPSC-FHSA) Method of Calculating the Primary Irritation Index (PII) for Dermal Irritation Studies |
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29 | (1) |
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European Economic Community's (EEC) Method of Calculating the Primary Irritation Index (PII) for Dermal Irritation Studies |
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29 | (1) |
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Dermal Classification System |
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30 | (1) |
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Standard Evaluation Procedure Dermal Classification System |
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30 | (1) |
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Federal Fungicide, Insecticide, and Rodenticide Act (EPA-FIFRA) Dermal Classification System |
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31 | (1) |
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European Economic Community (EEC) Dermal Classification System |
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31 | (1) |
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Federal Hazardous Substances Act (CPSC-FHSA) Dermal Classification System |
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32 | (1) |
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Draize Dermal Classification System |
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32 | (1) |
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Department of Transportation (DOT) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) Packing Group Classification System |
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33 | (1) |
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Maximization Sensitization Classification System |
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33 | (1) |
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Optimization Sensitization Classification System |
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34 | (1) |
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Common Materials Utilized as Positive Controls |
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35 | (4) |
| Section 4 Ocular Toxicology |
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Scale of Weighted Scores Used for Grading the Severity of Ocular Lesions Developed by Draize et al |
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39 | (2) |
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Grades for Ocular Lesions |
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41 | (1) |
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Classification of Compounds Based on Eye Irritation Properties |
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42 | (2) |
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NAS Classification Method Based on Severity and Persistence |
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44 | (1) |
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Modified NAS Classification Method |
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45 | (1) |
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Categorization of Substances Using the Slit Lamp Biomicroscope and Fluorescein |
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46 | (1) |
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Categorization and Labeling of Pesticides |
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47 | (4) |
| Section 5 Inhalation Toxicology |
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Body Weight and Lung Volumes in Fischer-344 Rats at Various Ages |
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51 | (1) |
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Body Weight and Lung Volumes in Adult and Older Hamsters |
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51 | (1) |
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Ventilatory Parameters in Fischer-344 Rats at Various Ages |
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52 | (1) |
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Ventilatory Parameters in Hamsters at Various Ages |
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52 | (1) |
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Morphometric Values in Sprague-Dawley Rats at Various Ages |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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Normal Biochemical Content of BALF |
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54 | (1) |
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Tracheal Mucociliary Clearance |
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54 | (2) |
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Nasal Mucociliary Clearance |
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56 | (1) |
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Ammonia Concentrations in an Inhalation Chamber |
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56 | (1) |
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Conversion Table for Gases and Vapors |
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57 | (4) |
| Section 6 Neurotoxicology |
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Examples of Potential Endpoints of Neurotoxicity |
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61 | (1) |
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Examples of Parameters Recorded in Neurotoxicity Safety Studies |
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62 | (1) |
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Summary of Measures in the Functional Observational Battery and the Type of Data Produced by Each |
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62 | (1) |
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Examples of Organophosphorus Pesticides Producing Delayed Neuropathy |
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63 | (2) |
| Section 7 Immunotoxicology |
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Cellular Elements of the Immune System |
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65 | (1) |
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Examples of the Four Types of Hypersensitivity Responses |
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66 | (1) |
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Examples of Antemortem and Postmortem Findings that May Include Potential Immunotoxicity if Treatment Related |
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67 | (1) |
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U.S. EPA Subdivision M Guidelines for Immunotoxicity Testing of Biochemical Pest Control Agents (BPCA) |
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68 | (1) |
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National Toxicology Program Panel for Detecting Immune Alterations in Rodents |
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69 | (2) |
| Section 8 Carcinogenesis |
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Characteristics of Initiation, Promotion, and Progression |
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71 | (1) |
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Classification of Carcinogenic Chemicals Based on Mode of Action |
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72 | (3) |
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Reported Percent Incidence of Spontaneous Tumor Formation in Various Mouse Strains |
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75 | (1) |
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Reported Percent Incidence of Spontaneous Tumor Formation in Various Rat Strains |
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76 | (1) |
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Frequency of Carcinogenic Response to Chemicals by Organ/System---Rats and Mice |
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77 | (2) |
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Capacity of Tissues to Undergo Hyperplasia |
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79 | (1) |
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Selected Examples of Presumptive Preneoplastic Lesions |
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80 | (1) |
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Comparative Features of Benign and Malignant Neoplasms |
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81 | (1) |
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Selected Taxonomy of Neoplasia |
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82 | (4) |
| Section 9 Reproductive/Developmental Toxicology |
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A General Scheme of Mammalian Spermatogenesis |
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85 | (1) |
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Breeding Characteristics of Female Laboratory Mammals Compared with the Human |
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86 | (1) |
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Species Variability in Parameters Involving Spermatogenesis |
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87 | (2) |
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A General Scheme of Mammalian Oogenesis |
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88 | (1) |
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Species Variability in Parameters Involving Oogenesis |
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89 | (1) |
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Fertility and Reproductive Indices Used in Single and Multigeneration Studies |
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90 | (2) |
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Basic Developmental Toxicity Testing Protocol |
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92 | (5) |
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Developmental Stages and Timelines in the Human, Rat, and Rabbit |
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93 | (1) |
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Critical Periods of Embryogenesis in the Human, Rat, and Rabbit |
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94 | (3) |
| Section 10 Clinical Pathology |
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Approximate Blood Volumes in Animals Typically Used in Nonclinical Toxicology Research |
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97 | (1) |
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Mean Control Ranges of Typical Serum Clinical Chemistry Measurements in CD® Rats |
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98 | (2) |
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Mean Control Ranges of Typical Serum Clinical Chemistry Measurements in F-344 Rats |
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100 | (2) |
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Mean Control Ranges of Typical Serum Clinical Chemistry Measurements in B6C3F1 Mice |
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102 | (1) |
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Mean Control Ranges of Typical Serum Clinical Chemistry Measurements in CD-1 and BALB/c Mice |
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103 | (1) |
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Mean Control Ranges of Typical Serum Clinical Chemistry Measurements in Beagle Dogs |
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104 | (2) |
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Mean Control Ranges of Typical Serum Clinical Chemistry Measurements in Nonhuman Primates |
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106 | (2) |
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Mean Control Ranges of Typical Serum Clinical Chemistry Measurements in New Zealand White Rabbits |
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108 | (1) |
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Mean Control Ranges of Typical Hematology Measurements in CD® Rats |
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109 | (1) |
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Mean Control Ranges of Typical Hematology Measurements in F-344 Rats |
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110 | (1) |
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Mean Control Ranges of Typical Hematology Measurements in B6C3F1 Mice |
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111 | (1) |
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Mean Control Ranges of Typical Hematology Measurements in CD-1 and BALB/c Mice |
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112 | (1) |
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Mean Control Ranges of Typical Hematology Measurements in Beagle Dogs |
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113 | (1) |
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Mean Control Ranges of Typical Hematology Measurements in Nonhuman Primates |
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114 | (1) |
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Mean Control Ranges of Typical Hematology Measurements in New Zealand White Rabbits |
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115 | (1) |
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Quantitative Data on Blood Cells in Healthy, Mature, Adult Humans |
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116 | (1) |
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24-Hour Mean Urinalysis Data in Adult Male Rats: Fischer-344, Sprague-Dawley, and Wistar |
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117 | (1) |
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24-Hour Mean Urinalysis Data in Adult Female Rats: Fischer-344, Sprague-Dawley, and Wistar |
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118 | (1) |
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Comparison of Biochemical Components in Urine of Normal Experimental Animals and Humans |
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119 | (5) |
| Section 11 Risk Assessment |
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The Four Major Elements of Risk Assessment |
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123 | (1) |
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Typical Factors Considered in a Risk Assessment |
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124 | (1) |
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Major Factors that Influence a Risk Assessment |
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125 | (3) |
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Relationship Between the Degree of Uncertainty Associated with the Risk Assessment of a Chemical, the Concern for Human Exposure, and the Toxicological Information Available on the Chemical |
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126 | (1) |
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A Dose-Response Curve from a Typical Toxicology Study Showing Dose-Related Indices Commonly Used in Risk Assessment |
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127 | (1) |
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Human Data Commonly Used in Risk Assessment |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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The Duration of Studies in Experimental Animals and Time Equivalents in the Human |
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130 | (1) |
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Comparative Mammalian Reference Values for Relative Dose Calculations |
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131 | (1) |
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Reference Comparative Physiological Values |
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132 | (1) |
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Body Fluid Volumes for Men and Women |
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133 | (1) |
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Comparative Mammalian Organ Weights |
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134 | (1) |
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EPA Recommended Human Exposure Values for Use in Risk Assessments |
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134 | (2) |
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Constants for Estimating Surface Area of Mammals |
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136 | (1) |
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Median Total Body Surface Area (m2) for Humans by Age |
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136 | (1) |
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Relationship Between Body Weight and Body Surface Area in a Number of Vertebrates |
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137 | (1) |
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Summary of Human Inhalation Rates for Men, Women, and Children by Activity Level (m3/hour) |
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137 | (1) |
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Risk Assessment Calculations |
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138 | (7) |
| Section 12 Regulatory Toxicology |
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Combined Tabulation of Toxicity Classes |
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145 | (5) |
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Toxicity Classifications Based on Rat Acute Oral LD50 |
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146 | (1) |
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Toxicity Classifications Based on Rabbit or Rat Acute Dermal LD50 |
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147 | (1) |
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Toxicity Classifications Based on Rat Acute Inhalation LC50 |
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148 | (1) |
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Toxicity Classifications Based on Acute Fish LC50 |
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149 | (1) |
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EPA, IARC, and EEC Classification Systems for Carcinogens |
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150 | (2) |
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Major U.S. Regulatory Agencies Having Involvement with Toxicology |
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152 | (1) |
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EPA Categories of Concern with Brief Description of Toxicological Concerns |
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153 | (3) |
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Criteria Defining ``High-Exposure'' Chemicals |
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156 | (1) |
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Substances Generally Recognized as Safe |
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157 | (2) |
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European Notification of a New Substance: Information and Test Data Required |
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159 | (1) |
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Data Requirements for European Notification |
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160 | (2) |
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Risk (R) Phrases Used in the European Community |
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162 | (5) |
| Section 13 General Information |
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Comparison of Physiological Parametes for Different Body Organs |
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167 | (1) |
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Comparison of Blood Flow/Perfusion and Oxygen Consumption of Liver, Lung, Intestine, and Kidney of the Rat In Vivo and in Organ Perfusion |
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168 | (1) |
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Comparison of Physiological Characteristics of Experimental Animals and Humans |
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169 | (1) |
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Comparison of Certain Physiological Values of Experimental Animals and Humans |
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170 | (1) |
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Tissue Localization of Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzymes |
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170 | (1) |
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Metabolic Phase I and Phase II Reactions |
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171 | (1) |
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Cytochrome P450 Gene Families |
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171 | (1) |
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First-Order Process of a Xenobiotic |
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172 | (1) |
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Xenobiotic Steady State and Half-Life |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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Prefixes and Symbols for Decimal Multiples and Submultiples |
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174 | (1) |
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Conversion of Human Hematological Values from Traditional Units into SI Units |
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175 | (1) |
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Conversion of Laboratory Values from Traditional Units into SI Units |
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176 | (1) |
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Approximate Metric and Apothecary Weight Equivalents |
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177 | (1) |
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Conversion Factors: Metric to English |
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178 | (1) |
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Conversion Factors: English to Metric |
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179 | (1) |
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Temperature Conversion Factors |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (4) |
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Transformation of Percentages into Logits |
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186 | (1) |
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Transformation of Percentages into Probits |
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186 | (1) |
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Molarity, Molality, Normality, Osmolarity Calculations |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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Mammalian Toxicology Tests: Cost and Material Requirements |
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189 | (2) |
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Genetic Toxicology Tests: Cost and Material Requirements |
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191 | (1) |
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Aquatic/Ecotoxicology Tests: Cost and Material Requirements |
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192 | (1) |
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Chemical Functional Groups |
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192 | (9) |
| Section 14 Glossary |
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201 | |
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