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1 | (27) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Glass Breakage Under Impact |
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6 | (4) |
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7 | (1) |
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Determination of Side of Impact |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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Examinations of Large Fragments |
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10 | (4) |
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The Comparison of Thickness |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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Matching Edges and Matching Hackle Marks |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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Examinations Performed on Small and Large Fragments |
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14 | (8) |
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14 | (1) |
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Examination of Transparent Material to Determine Whether It Is Glass |
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15 | (1) |
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The Examination of Surface Fragments |
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15 | (2) |
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Refractive Index Determinations |
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17 | (3) |
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20 | (1) |
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Refractive Index Anomalies |
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20 | (1) |
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The Examination of Tempered (Toughened) Glass by Annealing |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (4) |
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23 | (1) |
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Classification of Glass Using X-Ray Methods |
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23 | (1) |
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Discrimination of Glass Using X-Ray Methods |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Classification of Glass Using ICP Techniques |
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24 | (1) |
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Discrimination of Glass Using ICP Techniques |
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24 | (2) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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The Conventional Approach to Evidence Interpretation |
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27 | (28) |
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28 | (3) |
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Range Tests and Use of Confidence Intervals |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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Statistical Tests and Grouping |
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31 | (16) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (3) |
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38 | (1) |
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Welch's Modification to the Student's t-Test |
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39 | (4) |
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How Many Control Fragments? |
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43 | (1) |
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Setting Significance Levels |
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44 | (1) |
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Elemental Composition Measurements---Hotelling's T2 |
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45 | (1) |
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The Multiple Comparison Problem |
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45 | (1) |
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Hotelling's T2---A Method for Comparing Two Multivariate Mean Vectors |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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Discussion on the Use of Hotelling's T2 |
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47 | (1) |
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Coincidence Probabilities |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (2) |
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The Bayesian Approach to Evidence Interpretation |
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55 | (32) |
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Probability---Some Definitions |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (5) |
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The First Law of Probability |
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58 | (1) |
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The Second Law of Probability |
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58 | (1) |
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The Third Law of Probability |
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59 | (1) |
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The Law of Total Probability |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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The Relationship Between Probability and Odds |
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60 | (1) |
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The Odds Form of Bayes Theorem |
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61 | (2) |
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Bayesian Thinking in Forensic Glass Analysis |
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63 | (10) |
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A Generalized Bayesian Formula |
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73 | (1) |
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Taking Account of Further Analyses |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (2) |
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Comparison of Measurements: The Continuous Approach |
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76 | (8) |
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A Continuous LR Approach to the Interpretation of Elemental Composition Measurements from Forensic Glass Evidence |
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81 | (1) |
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The Continuous Likelihood Ratio for Elemental Observations |
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81 | (3) |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (2) |
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Glass Found at Random and Frequency of Glass |
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87 | (16) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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Glass Found at Random (Clothing Surveys) |
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88 | (5) |
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Glass Found on the General Population |
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88 | (1) |
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Glass Recovered on Garments |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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Glass Recovered on the Suspect Population |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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Comparison Between Suspect and General Populations: An Example |
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93 | (1) |
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Estimation of the Probability of Finding at Random i Groups of j Fragments |
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94 | (2) |
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Frequency of the Analyzed Characteristics |
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96 | (1) |
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Control Glass Data Collections |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Glass Found on the General Population |
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98 | (2) |
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Glass Recovered on Garments |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Glass Found on the Suspect Population |
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100 | (1) |
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Comparison Between Suspect and General Populations: An Example |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (2) |
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Transfer and Persistence Studies |
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103 | (30) |
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103 | (12) |
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Transfer of Glass to the Ground |
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104 | (1) |
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Number, Size, and Distribution of the Fragments |
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104 | (1) |
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Influence of the Window Type and Size |
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105 | (1) |
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Presence of an Original Surface |
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106 | (1) |
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Transfer of Glass Broken with a Firearm |
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107 | (1) |
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Transfer of Vehicle Glass |
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107 | (1) |
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Transfer of Glass to Individuals Standing Nearby |
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107 | (1) |
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Transfer of Window Glass to Garments |
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107 | (1) |
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Transfer of Glass with a Pendulum |
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108 | (1) |
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Glass Broken Under Conditions Similar to Casework |
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108 | (3) |
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Transfer of Vehicle Glass and Absence of Glass |
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111 | (1) |
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Transfer of Glass When a Person Enters Through a Window |
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111 | (1) |
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Influence of the Weather on Transfer |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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Transfer of Window Glass to Hair |
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112 | (1) |
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Transfer of Window Glass to Footwear |
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113 | (1) |
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Secondary and Tertiary Transfer |
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113 | (1) |
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Transfer: What Do We Know? |
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114 | (1) |
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Persistence of Glass on Garments |
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115 | (5) |
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116 | (1) |
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Persistence of Glass on Clothing |
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116 | (2) |
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Persistence of Glass on Shoes |
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118 | (2) |
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Persistence of Glass in Hair |
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120 | (1) |
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Main Results of the Studies |
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120 | (2) |
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Modeling Glass Transfer and Making Estimates |
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122 | (6) |
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122 | (1) |
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A Graphical Model for Assessing Transfer Probabilities |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (4) |
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Conclusions from the Modeling Experiment |
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128 | (1) |
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Appendix A---The Full Graphical Model for Assessing Transfer Probabilities |
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128 | (2) |
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Appendix B---Probabilistic Modeling and Quantitative Assessment |
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130 | (3) |
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Statistical Tools and Software |
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133 | (20) |
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133 | (12) |
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Histograms and Lookup Tables |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (5) |
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Constructing a Floating Window |
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138 | (1) |
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Estimating Low Frequencies |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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Random Variables and Probability Density Functions |
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140 | (4) |
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Kernel Density Estimators |
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144 | (1) |
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What Is a Good Tuning Parameter for a Kernel Density Estimator? |
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144 | (1) |
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Calculating Densities by Hand |
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145 | (3) |
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148 | (2) |
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The Fragment Data System (FDS) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (11) |
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Verbalization of a Likelihood Ratio Answer |
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159 | (1) |
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Sensitivity of the Likelihood Ratio Answer to Some of the Data Estimates |
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160 | (1) |
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The Effect of Search Procedures |
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161 | (1) |
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Fallacy of the Transposed Conditional |
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162 | (2) |
| References |
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164 | (9) |
| Index |
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173 | |
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