Practical Aspects of Rape Investigation: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Third Edition: Hazelwood, Robert R.: 9780849300769: Book: History: eCampus.com

Academy Group, Inc, Manassas, VA. Textbook designed to provide contemporary, comprehensive, and pragmatic information to those involved in criminal and forensic investigations. Presents current research, new forensic techniques, and recent data on special populations of victims and offenders. Previous edition: c1995.

Section I: The Victim

Contemporary Issues

(26)

Ann Wolbert Burgess

Introduction

(1)

The Size of the Problem

(3)

Incidence

(2)

Prevalence

(1)

Underreported Crime

(1)

Relationship of Victim and Offender

(1)

Evidentiary Examination of the Victim

(1)

Crimes Against the Elderly

(1)

Homicide

(1)

Elder Sexual Abuse in Nursing Homes

(2)

History

(1)

The Psychobiology of Trauma

(3)

Memory

(1)

Stalking

(1)

Cyberstalking

(1)

Youth Online Victimization

(1)

Collegiate Stalking and Cyberstalking

(2)

Adult Cyberstalking

(1)

Cyber Child Pornography

(1)

References

(7)

The Victim's Perspective

(18)

Ann Wolbert Burgess

Robert R. Hazelwood

Introduction

(1)

Rape Trauma Syndrome

(10)

The Acute Phase: Disorganization

(3)

The Long-Term Process: Reorganization

(6)

Counseling Implications

(5)

Compounded Reaction to Rape

(1)

Silent Reaction to Rape

(1)

Police Response to the Rape Victim

(4)

Special Issue---Fresh Complaint

(1)

Summary

(1)

References

(1)

Victim Care Services and the Comprehensive Sexual Assault Assessment Tool (CSAAT)

(22)

Ann Wolbert Burgess

Robert R. Hazelwood

Introduction

(1)

Hospital-Based Victim Care Service (VCS)

(3)

Rape Crisis Services

(2)

The National Sexual Violence Resource Center (NSVRC)

(1)

Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner Services

(1)

Comprehensive Sexual Assault Assessment Tool (CSAAT)

(4)

Investigative Data

(1)

Victim Forensic Data

(1)

Legal and Services Information

(2)

Psychosocial Assessment for PTSD

(1)

References

(2)

Appendix

(10)

Comprehensive Sexual Assault Assessment Tool (CSAAT)

(10)

Sexual Abuse of Nursing Home Residents

(14)

Ann Wolbert Burgess

Elizabeth B. Dowdell

Robert A. Prentky

Introduction

(1)

Method

(1)

Results

(7)

Demographic Characteristics of Victims

(1)

Mental Status

(1)

Method of Disclosure

(2)

Perpetrator Identification

(1)

Physical and Forensic Evidence

(1)

Resident Response

(2)

Nursing Home Response

(1)

Discussion

(2)

References

(4)

Section II: Investigation

The Relevance of Fantasy in Serial Sexual Crime Investigations

(14)

Robert R. Hazelwood

Janet I. Warren

Introduction

(1)

The Human Sex Drive

(1)

Sex is a Sensory Act

(1)

The Paraphilias

(1)

Fantasy in Sexual Crimes

(1)

Inanimate Objects

(1)

Dolls

(1)

Photographs/Magazine Pictures

(1)

Clothing

(1)

Consenting Partners

(1)

Prostitutes

(1)

Girlfriends or Spouses as Partners

(1)

Self-Composition

(1)

Investigative Significance of Fantasy

(5)

Fantasy and Intelligence

(1)

Fantasy is Always Perfect

(1)

Fantasy Enactment with Wives and/or Girlfriends

(1)

Fantasy and the Linking of Cases

(1)

Fantasy and Search Warrants

(1)

Fantasy and Prosecutive Strategy

(1)

Summary

(1)

References

(2)

The Sexually Violent Offender: Impulsive or Ritualistic?

(18)

Robert R. Hazelwood

Janet I. Warren

Introduction

(3)

The Impulsive Sex Offender

100

(3)

Motivation

100

(1)

Fantasy

101

(1)

Personality Style

101

(1)

Collections/Pornography

101

(1)

Pre-Offense Acting Out

101

(1)

Criminal Behavior

102

(1)

Past Criminal Behavior

102

(1)

Travel and Search Patterns

103

(1)

The Ritualistic Offender

103

(8)

Motivation

103

(1)

Personality Style

103

(1)

Fantasy

103

(4)

Pre-Offense Acting Out

107

(2)

Criminal Behavior

109

(1)

Pornography

110

(1)

Criminal History

111

(1)

Summary

111

(1)

References

112

(3)

The Behavioral-Oriented Interview of Rape Victims: The Key to Profiling

115

(18)

Robert R. Hazelwood

Ann Wolbert Burgess

Motivation

115

(3)

Questioning for Behavior

118

(12)

What Method of Approach Was Utilized by the Offender?

118

(1)

How Did the Offender Maintain Control of the Victim?

119

(2)

What Amount of Physical Force was Employed by the Attacker?

121

(1)

Did the Victim Resist the Attacker?

121

(1)

What was the Offender's Reaction?

122

(1)

Did the Rapist Experience a Sexual Dysfunction?

123

(2)

What Type and Sequence of Sexual Acts Occurred during the Assault?

125

(1)

What was the Verbal Activity of the Rapist?

126

(1)

Was the Victim Forced to Say Anything?

127

(1)

Was There a Sudden Change in the Offender's Attitude during the Attack?

127

(1)

What Precautionary Actions were Taken by the Offender?

128

(1)

Was Anything Taken?

128

(1)

Has the Victim Had any Experience to Suggest She Was a Targeted Victim?

129

(1)

Belief as to How the Rapist's Friends would Describe Him

130

(1)

Summary

130

(1)

References

130

(3)

Analyzing the Rape and Profiling the Offender

133

(32)

Robert R. Hazelwood

Introduction

133

(1)

Pseudo-Unselfish Behavior vs. Selfish

134

(6)

Pseudo-Unselfish Behavior

135

(3)

Selfish Behavior

138

(2)

Categories of Rapists

140

(9)

Power Reassurance Rapist

141

(2)

Power Assertive Rapist

143

(1)

Anger Retaliatory Rapist

144

(2)

Anger Excitation Rapist

146

(1)

Opportunistic Rapist

147

(1)

The Gang Rape

148

(1)

A Case Study

149

(5)

Criminal Investigative Analysis

154

(5)

Victimology

154

(1)

Method of Approach

154

(1)

Method of Control

155

(1)

Amount of Force

155

(1)

Victim Resistance

155

(1)

Reaction to Resistance

155

(1)

Sexual Dysfunction

156

(1)

Type and Sequence of Sexual Acts

156

(1)

Offender Verbal Activity

156

(1)

Attitudinal Change

157

(1)

What Preceded the Attitudinal Change

157

(1)

Precautionary Actions

157

(1)

Items Taken

157

(2)

Purpose of Assault

159

(1)

Offender Profile

159

(1)

Profile

159

(4)

Personality Characteristics

160

(3)

Summary

163

(1)

References

164

(1)

Classifying Rape and Sexual Assault

165

(12)

Ann Wolbert Burgess

Robert R. Hazelwood

Allen G. Burgess

Introduction

165

(1)

FBI Classification of Crime

165

(1)

Crime Classification Numbring System

166

(10)

Criminal Enterprise Rape: 300

166

(10)

References

176

(1)

False Rape Allegations

177

(22)

Ann Wolbert Burgess

Robert R. Hazelwood

Introduction

177

(1)

Definition

178

(2)

Classification of Unfounded Rape Cases

180

(6)

Psychological Determination

181

(4)

Investigator Determination

185

(1)

The Motive for False Rape Allegations

186

(2)

Study of False Rape Allegations

187

(1)

False Allegations and the Adaptation Continuum

188

(6)

Munchausen's Syndrome

188

(1)

Mental States

189

(1)

Red Flags of False Rape Allegations

190

(4)

Summary

194

(1)

Acknowledgments

195

(1)

References

195

(4)

Child Molesters and Cyber Pedophiles-A Behavioral Perspective

199

(22)

Kenneth V. Lanning

Introduction

199

(1)

Illegal Sexual Activity

200

(1)

Legal Sexual Activity

200

(1)

Understanding Behavior

201

(4)

Paraphilias and Sexual Ritual Behavior

201

(2)

Pedophiles

203

(2)

Typology

205

(3)

Computer Offenders

208

(2)

Recognizing Preferential Sex Offenders

210

(3)

Concerned Citizens

213

(1)

Use of Computers

214

(5)

Organization

214

(1)

Communication

215

(1)

Child Pornography

216

(1)

Maintenance of Financial Records

217

(1)

Victims

217

(2)

Summary

219

(1)

References

220

(1)

Collateral Materials in Sexual Crimes

221

(12)

Robert R. Hazelwood

Kenneth V. Lanning

Introduction

221

(1)

Traditional Evidence in Sexual Crimes

221

(2)

Forensic Evidence

221

(1)

Circumstantial Evidence

221

(1)

Eyewitness Evidence

222

(1)

Direct Evidence

222

(1)

Collateral Materials

223

(4)

Types of Collateral Materials

224

(3)

Case Study

227

(4)

Summary

231

(1)

References

232

(1)

Interrogations and False Confessions in Rape Cases

233

(10)

Richard Leo

Introduction

233

(1)

Causes of False Confessions

234

(1)

The Police Interrogation

234

(2)

Shifting the Suspect from Confident to Hopeless

235

(1)

Offering the Suspect Inducements to Confess

235

(1)

The Different Types of False Confessions

236

(3)

Voluntary False Confession

236

(1)

Stress-Compliant False Confession

237

(1)

Coerced-Compliant False Confession

238

(1)

Coerced-Persuaded False Confession

238

(1)

Non-Coerced False Confession

238

(1)

The Consequences of False Confessions

239

(1)

Conclusion

239

(1)

References

240

(3)

The Maligned Investigator of Criminal Sexuality

243

(18)

Kenneth V. Lanning

Robert R. Hazelwood

Introduction

243

(1)

An Analogy

244

(1)

Criminal Sexuality vs. Sex Crimes

245

(1)

The Investigator of Criminal Sexuality

245

(7)

The Investigator's Responsibility

246

(2)

The Department's Role

248

(3)

Fellow Law Enforcement Officers

251

(1)

Child Sexual Abuse

252

(2)

Symptoms of Stress

254

(2)

Coping Strategies

255

(1)

Summary

256

(1)

References

257

(4)

Section III: Forensics and Court

Physical Evidence in Sexual Assault Investigations

261

(38)

Robert P. Spaulding

P. David Bigbee

Introduction

261

(3)

The Nature of Physical Evidence

264

(1)

The Identification of Evidence

265

(2)

General Types of Evidence

267

(4)

Class Characteristic Evidence

267

(1)

Individual Characteristic Evidence

268

(1)

Evidence Resulting from Transfer

269

(2)

The Evidence Environment

271

(6)

Evidence/Crime Scene Contamination

273

(1)

The Nature of the Evidence Environment

273

(1)

The Personnel

274

(1)

Careless and/or Indvertent Alteration at the Scene

274

(1)

The Packaging of Evidence

274

(1)

The Laboratory Environment

275

(1)

Degradation of Evidence

276

(1)

Considerations Relating to the Victim, Suspect, and Assault Scene

277

(10)

The Victim

277

(3)

The Suspect

280

(1)

Sexual Assault Evidence Collection Kits

281

(5)

The Crime Scene

286

(1)

General Stages of Crime Scene Investigation

287

(8)

Approach the Scene

288

(1)

Secure and Protect the Scene

289

(1)

Conduct a Preliminary Survey

289

(1)

Evaluate Observed Evidence

290

(1)

Prepare a Narrative Description

290

(1)

Photograph the Scene

291

(1)

Sketch the Scene

292

(1)

Conduct a Detailed Search for Evidence

293

(1)

Collect, Preserve, and Document the Evidence

294

(1)

Conduct a Final Survey

294

(1)

Release the Scene

295

(1)

It Does Not End There

295

(1)

Blood-Borne Pathogens

295

(1)

Bloodstain Patterns

296

(2)

Summary

298

(1)

Evidence Recovery Considerations in Sexual Assault Investigations

299

(48)

Robert P. Spaulding

P. David Bigbee

Introduction

299

(2)

Recovery of Questioned Evidence

301

(29)

Hairs and Fibers

301

(1)

Search Methods and Techniques

302

(6)

Blood

308

(13)

Semen

321

(3)

Sexual Assault Evidence at the Scene

324

(3)

Saliva

327

(2)

Bite Marks

329

(1)

Recovery of Known Evidence

330

(6)

Known Hair Samples

330

(2)

Known Fiber Samples

332

(2)

Known Blood Samples

334

(1)

Known Saliva Samples

335

(1)

Marking of Evidence for Identification

336

(2)

Direct and Indirect Marking

337

(1)

What Should be Marked on the Evidence?

337

(1)

Use of an Evidence Log

338

(1)

Chain of Custody

338

(1)

Materials Used to Package Physical Evidence

338

(5)

Small Evidence Items

339

(1)

Large Evidence Items

340

(3)

Summary

343

(1)

Acknowledgments

344

(1)

References

344

(3)

Prosecuting Rape Cases: Trial Preparation and Trial Tactic Issues

347

(18)

William Heiman

Ann Ponterio

Gail Fairman

Introduction

347

(1)

Process of Trial

347

(12)

Preparation

347

(3)

Jury Selection and the Voir Dire Process

350

(1)

Opening Statement

351

(2)

Defense Opening

353

(1)

Cross-Examination

353

(2)

Rebuttal

355

(1)

Closing Argument

356

(3)

Difficult Cases

359

(5)

Identification Issue Case

359

(1)

Consent Issue Case

360

(2)

Imperfect Victim Case

362

(2)

General Policy Issues

364

(1)

Summary

364

(1)

Forensic Examination of Sexual Assault Victims

365

(36)

Kathleen Brown

Overview

365

(1)

Access to the Sexual Assault Response Team

366

(1)

Setting

367

(1)

Role of the Forensic Examiner

367

(1)

Forensic Interview

368

(1)

Consent Issues

369

(1)

History

370

(1)

Forensic Examination

370

(7)

Clothing

372

(1)

Detection of Injury

373

(1)

Collection of Forensic Evidence

374

(1)

Examination of Genitalia

375

(2)

Rectal Examination

377

(1)

Proper Handling (Management) of Evidence

377

(1)

Chain of Custody

378

(1)

Documentation

379

(1)

Drug and Alcohol Testing

379

(1)

Therapy and Prophylaxis

380

(1)

Follow-Up Care

380

(1)

Discharge Instructions

381

(1)

Conclusion

381

(1)

References

381

(1)

Appendix A

382

(1)

Appendix B

383

(1)

Appendix C

384

(4)

Appendix D

388

(10)

Appendix E

398

(3)

Section IV: Special Populations

The Sexual Crimes of Juveniles

401

(20)

John A. Hunter

Introduction

401

(1)

Developmental Issues

401

(1)

Efforts to Classify

402

(1)

Modus Operandi

403

(1)

Violent Juvenile Sex Offenders

404

(4)

Investigative Issues

408

(3)

Detection

408

(1)

Guidelines for Interviewing Juvenile Sex Offenders

409

(2)

Mental Health Evaluations

411

(1)

Disposition Decision-Making and Management

412

(1)

Effective Community Programming

413

(5)

References

418

(3)

Female Sex Offenders: A Typological and Etiological Overview

421

(14)

Janet I. Warren

Julia Hislop

Introduction

421

(2)

A Typology of Female Sex Offenders

423

(4)

The Pacilitator

423

(1)

The Reluctant Partner

424

(1)

The Initiating Partner

425

(1)

Seducers and Lovers

425

(1)

The Psychotic

426

(1)

The Pedophile

426

(1)

Etiology of Female Sex Offending

427

(4)

Re-Enactment

427

(1)

Early Trauma

428

(1)

Personality Disorders

428

(1)

Deviant Sexual Arousal

429

(1)

Mental Illness

429

(1)

Role Replacement

430

(1)

Revenge

430

(1)

Adolescent Curiosity/Exploitation

431

(1)

Investigatory Significance

431

(1)

References

431

(4)

The Serial Rapist

435

(28)

Robert R. Hazelwood

Janet I. Warren

Introduction

435

(1)

Serial Rapist Demographics

436

(9)

Employment

437

(1)

Marital History

437

(1)

Military History

438

(1)

Intelligence

439

(2)

Arrest History

441

(2)

Residence

443

(1)

Use of Vehicle

443

(1)

Personality Characteristics

444

(1)

Hobbies and Activities

444

(1)

Developmental Characteristics

445

(6)

Socioeconomics

445

(1)

Parental Relationships

445

(2)

Childhood Abuse

447

(1)

Sexual Development

448

(2)

Chronic Behavior Patterns

450

(1)

Victims of the Serial Rapists

451

(3)

Demographics

451

(1)

Isolation of the Victim

452

(2)

Selection Criteria

454

(1)

The Criminal Behavior of the Serial Rapist

454

(5)

Premeditation

454

(1)

Method of Approach

454

(2)

Controlling the Victim

456

(1)

Use of Force

456

(1)

Victim Resistance

457

(1)

Sexual Dynamics of the Rape

458

(1)

Verbal Interaction With Victims

458

(1)

Sexual Dysfunction

458

(1)

Evading Detection

459

(1)

Alcohol and Other Drugs

459

(1)

Post-Offense Behavior

459

(1)

Summary

459

(1)

References

460

(3)

The Criminal Sexual Sadist

463

(14)

Robert R. Hazelwood

Park Elliot Dietz

Janet I. Warren

Introduction

463

(1)

What is Sexual Sadism?

463

(1)

Physical and Psychological Suffering

464

(1)

Sexually Sadistic Behavior

464

(2)

Sadistic Fantasy

464

(1)

Sadism Toward Symbols

465

(1)

Consenting or Paid Partners

465

(1)

Behavior Patterns Confused With Sexual Sadism

466

(4)

Sadistic Personality Disorder

467

(1)

Cruelty during Crime

467

(1)

Pathological Group Behavior

468

(1)

Sanctioned Cruelty

468

(1)

Revenge-Motivated Cruelty

468

(1)

Interrogative Cruelty

469

(1)

Postmortem Mutilation

469

(1)

Study Conducted

470

(3)

Offender Characteristics

471

(1)

Crime Characteristics

471

(2)

Evidence of Crime

473

(1)

Investigating Crimes of the Sexual Sadist

473

(1)

Sources

473

(1)

Search Warrants

473

(1)

Interviewing the Sexual Sadist

474

(1)

Summary

474

(1)

References

475

(2)

Sexual Sadists: Their Wives and Girlfriends

477

(10)

Robert R. Hazelwood

Introduction

477

(1)

Genesis of the Research

478

(1)

Methodology

478

(1)

The Women

479

(1)

Their Relationships with the Men

479

(2)

The Transformation of the Women

481

(2)

Selection of a Vulnerable Woman

481

(1)

Seduction of the Woman

482

(1)

Reshaping the Sexual Norms

482

(1)

Social Isolation

482

(1)

Punishment

483

(1)

Investigative Significance of the Research

483

(1)

Behavior

483

(1)

The Criminal

483

(1)

Former Wives and Girlfriends

484

(1)

Summary

484

(1)

References

485

(2)

Sexual Predators in Nursing Homes

487

(14)

Ann Wolbert Burgess

Robert A. Prentky

Elizabeth B. Dowdell

Introduction

487

(1)

Method

488

(1)

Sample

488

(1)

Results

489

(12)

Dynamics of the Offense

489

(6)

Taxonomic Heterogencity

495

(1)

Discussion

495

(2)

Summary

497

(1)

References

498

(3)

Index

501


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