Practical Aspects of Interview and Interrogation, Second Edition: Wicklander, Douglas E.: 9780849301018: Book: History: eCampus.com

Allows you to deal effectively with the complex problems of interviewing and interrogating victims, witnesses, suspects, and even potential employees.

Introduction-Overview of the Process

(26)

Good Guy/Bad Guy Approach

(1)

Factual Approach

(1)

Emotional Approach

(3)

Public-versus Private-Sector Approaches

(2)

Legal Issues

(1)

Overview of the Text

(4)

The Process of Interrogation

(1)

Types of Interrogation

(12)

Suspect decision-making (Hilgendorf and Irving, 1981)

(1)

Cognitive-behavioral model of confession (Gudjonsson, 1989b)

(1)

Psychoanalytic model of confession (Reik 1959)

(1)

Emotional model of confession (Jayne 1986)

(1)

Interaction process model of confession (Moston, Stephenson, and Williamson, 1992, Zulawski and Wicklander, 1993)

(1)

Decision to Confess

(2)

Suspect Denials

(2)

Four Parts of Interrogation

(1)

Wicklander-Zulawski (WZ) Technique

(1)

Preparation and Profiling

(2)

Reducing Resistance

(2)

Obtaining the Admission

(1)

Development of the Admission

(1)

Professional Close

(1)

Discussion

(1)

References

(3)

Part One-Preparation

Preparation and Strategy

(18)

Interview Goal

(1)

Evidence Considerations

(1)

Background Information

(1)

Selection of the Interviewer

(1)

Case File and Props

(1)

Privacy

(1)

Location-Planned Field Interview

(1)

Room Setting

(3)

Distractions

(2)

Roles of the Interviewer

(1)

Language

(3)

Taking Notes

(1)

Strategies

(3)

Legal Aspects

(28)

Who Are You?

(2)

Constitutional Amendments

(1)

Public-Sector Rules

(1)

Voluntariness

(1)

The Miranda Rule

(7)

Custody

(2)

Telephone Interviews

(1)

The Warnings

(1)

Suspect Waiver

(1)

The Massiah and Escobedo Rules

(1)

Youths and Incompetents

(1)

Alcohol or Narcotics Intoxication

(1)

Tricks and Promises

(1)

Public Employers

(1)

Private Employers

(2)

Sixth Amendment: Right to an Attorney

(1)

Federal Statutes

(1)

Unions/Weingarten Rights

(1)

State Law

(1)

Common Law

(3)

False Imprisonment

(1)

Defamation

(1)

Malicious Prosecution

(1)

Assault and Battery

(1)

Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress

(1)

Use of the Polygraph (Lie Detector)

(2)

Sexual Harassment

(2)

Memory and False Confessions

(32)

False Confessions

(2)

Types of False Confessions

(1)

Definition

(2)

Voluntary False Confessions

(1)

Coerced Compliant False Confessions

(1)

Coerced Internalized False Confessions

(1)

Factors Contributing to False Confessions

(11)

Age of the Subject

(6)

Memory and Intelligence

(1)

Failure to Understand Abstract Thought

(1)

Behavioral Differences

(1)

Suggestibility and Compliance

(2)

Language of the False Confession

(14)

Interpretation of Verbal and Physical Behavior

105

(60)

Common Terms

106

(2)

Faking Behavior

108

(1)

Likelihood of Detecting Deception

108

(3)

Interviewer

108

(1)

Environment

109

(1)

The Liar

110

(1)

Rules for Evaluating Behavior

111

(5)

Evaluate the Suspect Against Himself

111

(1)

Evaluate the Suspect's Behavior Against that of the Population

112

(1)

Evaluate Behavior in the Context of the Situation

113

(1)

Behavioral Clusters

113

(1)

Interviewer Behavior

114

(1)

Timing and Consistency

115

(1)

Cautions in the Evaluation of Behavior

116

(4)

Role of the Environment

116

(1)

Interviewer-Suspect Attitudes

116

(1)

Mental Capacity of Suspect

117

(1)

Medical Condition, Drug and Alcohol Usage

117

(1)

Cultural, Ethnic, and Geographic Differences

118

(1)

Professional Criminals, Actors, and Politicians

118

(1)

Fear of Detection

119

(1)

Fight or Flight

120

(1)

Emotion

121

(1)

Typical Attitudes Displayed by Suspects

122

(4)

The Truthful Suspect

122

(2)

The Untruthful Suspect

124

(1)

Attitudes Common to Both Truthful and Untruthful Suspects

125

(1)

Interpretation of Nonverbal Behavior

126

(23)

Trunk, Shoulder Position, and Posture

126

(1)

Truthful Individual

127

(1)

Untruthful Individual

127

(3)

Hand and Arm Positions

130

(1)

Truthful Individual

131

(1)

Untruthful Individual

131

(3)

General Considerations

134

(1)

Arm Barriers

135

(1)

Leg and Feet Positons

136

(3)

Truthful

139

(1)

Head and Neck Positions

140

(2)

Head Positions

142

(1)

Truthful

142

(1)

Untruthful

142

(1)

Eye Movements

143

(1)

Truthful

143

(2)

Untruthful

145

(2)

Mouth Positions

147

(1)

Truthful

147

(1)

Untruthful

147

(1)

Nose

148

(1)

Neck

148

(1)

Verbal Behavior

149

(2)

Truthful

149

(1)

Untruthful

149

(2)

Unsolicited, Premature Excuses or Explanations

151

(1)

Uncheckable Sources

151

(1)

Focusing on Irrelevant Points

152

(1)

Excessive Politeness or Respectfulness

152

(1)

Helpfulness

153

(1)

Delays

154

(4)

Physical Behavior

155

(1)

Repeating the Question

155

(1)

Responding with a Question

155

(1)

Hanging Sentences

156

(1)

Nonresponses

156

(1)

Giving a Minor Admission

157

(1)

Gallows Laughter

157

(1)

Political Answers

158

(1)

Emphasis on Truthfulness

158

(1)

Memory Problems

159

(2)

The Admission of Guilt and Offer of Restitution

161

(1)

Verbal Slips

162

(1)

Strength of Denials

163

(2)

Causes of Denials

165

(22)

Environment

168

(2)

Privacy

169

(1)

Supportive Environment

169

(1)

Positioning

169

(1)

Interviewer/Interrogator

170

(10)

Interrogator's Personality

170

(1)

Interrogator's Attitude

171

(1)

Interrogator Reputation

171

(1)

Tentativeness and Unconvincing Behavior the Interrogator

172

(1)

Perception of Interrogator

173

(1)

Wrong Rationalizations Used by the Interrogator

173

(1)

Personalizing Rationalizations Too Early

174

(1)

Highlighting Consequences

174

(1)

Interrogator Silence

175

(1)

Interrogator Strategy

175

(1)

Wrong or Incomplete Evidence

176

(1)

Perceived Lack of Proof

176

(1)

Compromised Investigation

177

(1)

Questioning Techniques

177

(1)

Denial to Stall for Time

178

(1)

Poorly Timed Question

179

(1)

Waiting Too Long

179

(1)

Failing to Reaccuse

179

(1)

Suspect

180

(7)

Seriousness of the Lie

180

(1)

Lack of Rules

181

(1)

Cultural Differences

181

(1)

Drugs and Alcohol

182

(1)

Consequences versus Justifications

182

(1)

Involvement of Others

183

(1)

Truthful Denials

183

(4)

Part Two-Interviewing

Interviewing

187

(54)

Preplanning the Interview

193

(1)

Supporting Tactics

194

(1)

Rapport

194

(11)

Establishing Management Rapport

195

(1)

Establishing Rapport with the Victim, Witness, or Suspect

196

(1)

Common ground

196

(1)

Appearance and demeanor

197

(1)

Behavior

198

(1)

Mirroring

198

(3)

Verbal Neurolinguistics Techniques

201

(1)

Visual mode

201

(1)

Auditory mode

202

(1)

Kinesic mode

202

(1)

Physiological Neurolinguistic Techniques

202

(3)

Selling the Interview

205

(1)

Types of Lies

206

(8)

Direct Denial

206

(1)

Lie of Omission

207

(1)

Lie of Fabrication

207

(3)

Structure of a Story

210

(2)

Lie of Minimization

212

(1)

Lie of Exaggeration

213

(1)

Structure of an Investigative Interview

214

(1)

Allowing a Narrative

215

(1)

Hearing the Untainted Story

216

(3)

Evaluating Neurolinguistic Eye Movement

219

(5)

Leading the Interview

224

(1)

Challenging the Untruthful Witness, Victim, or Suspect

225

(1)

Using Rationalizations

226

(1)

Shifting to Interrogation

227

(1)

Using Cognitive Interview Techniques

228

(2)

Using the Selective Interview Technique

230

(2)

Questions Asked

231

(1)

Control Questions

232

(2)

Using Questions of Enticement

234

(3)

Purpose

234

(1)

Presentation of the Question

235

(2)

Obtaining the Subject's Biographical Information

237

(1)

Obtaining a Written Statement

237

(1)

Closing Professionally

238

(3)

Why People Confess

241

(10)

Believed Involvement Could Be Proven

241

(1)

Suspects Put Their Own ``Spin'' on the Crime

242

(1)

Guilt

242

(1)

Reputation

242

(1)

Adrenaline

243

(1)

Loose Lips Sink Ships

243

(1)

Protect Another

244

(1)

Tossing a Bone

244

(1)

Quid Pro Quo

245

(1)

Get It Over With

245

(1)

Did No Wrong

246

(1)

Trusts the Interrogator

246

(1)

Wanting Help

246

(1)

Cannot Say ``No''

247

(1)

Physical and Emotional Abuse and Threats

247

(1)

Why Do Suspects Confess?

248

(3)

Part Three-Establishing Credibility

The Accusation

251

(54)

Positioning

251

(1)

Attitude

252

(1)

Introduction

252

(1)

Impressions Given by the Interrogator

252

(1)

Selection of the Accusation

253

(19)

Factual Approach

253

(2)

Direct Accusation

255

(5)

Introductory Statement Approach

260

(2)

Construction of the Introductory Statement for Loss Prevention-Private Sector

262

(5)

Length of the Introductory Statement

267

(1)

Participatory Accusation

268

(1)

Construction of the Participatory Accusation

269

(3)

Transcript of a Tape

272

(7)

Interrogation Time Limit

279

(1)

Countering Suspect Interruptions

279

(1)

Learning the Introductory Statement

280

(1)

Sample Introductory Statements

280

(1)

Summary Construction of the Introductory Statement

281

(24)

Introductory Statement-Private Sector

283

(8)

Introductory Statement-Law Enforcement

291

(7)

Introductory Statement for Fugitive Apprehension

298

(7)

Part Four-Reducing Resistance

Rationalizations

305

(38)

Concept of Rationalization

306

(2)

Determining Which Rationalization to Use

308

(5)

Motive of the Crime

308

(1)

Background of the Offender

309

(2)

Behavior of the Suspect

311

(2)

Transactional Analysis

313

(3)

Third Person Presentation

316

(1)

Using Quotes

316

(1)

Minimizing the Seriousness of the Offense

317

(1)

Focusing the Suspect's Attention on the Future or Past

317

(1)

Offering a Positive Outlook

318

(1)

Relating Personal Stories

319

(1)

Illustrating with Current Events and Publications

320

(1)

Avoiding Threats or Promises

320

(1)

Structure of Showing Understanding

321

(8)

Transition Phrases Between Rationalizations

329

(1)

Examples of Rationalizations

329

(3)

Examples of Rationalizations with Choice Questions

332

(1)

General

332

(1)

Suggest Impulse

332

(9)

Blame Victim (Company or Supervisor)

333

(1)

Blame Poor Pay

334

(1)

Blame Fellow Worker or Friends

335

(1)

Blame Poor Security

335

(1)

Blame the Economy (Politicians, Creditors)

336

(1)

Blame Peer Pressure

336

(1)

Exaggerate Loss, Frequency, or Seriousness

337

(1)

Propose Loss of Control

338

(1)

Blame the Use of Alcohol/Drugs

338

(1)

Emphasize Borrowing

339

(1)

Play One Against the Other

340

(1)

Identify the Hurdle

340

(1)

Correcting the Rationalizations

341

(2)

Denials

343

(18)

Types of Denials

343

(1)

When Denials Occur

344

(1)

Emphatic Denials

345

(1)

Suspect's Behavior

345

(1)

Handling Emphatic Denials

346

(8)

Use the Suspect's First Name

347

(1)

Discuss Important Areas

347

(1)

Tell the Suspect that He will Have a Chance to Talk

347

(1)

Advise the Suspect that it is Better to Say Nothing than to Lie

348

(1)

Interrupt the Suspect and State the Denial for Him

348

(1)

Create Curiosity

349

(1)

Turn an Emphatic into an Explanatory Denial

349

(1)

Use Behavior to Control the Interrogation

349

(2)

Change the Psychology of the Room

351

(2)

Use an Enticement Question to Stop a Suspect's Denial

353

(1)

Truthful Emphatic Denials

354

(1)

Explanatory Denials

355

(6)

Part Five-Obtaining the Admission

Obtaining the Admission

361

(30)

Mind-Set of the Suspect in Submission

361

(1)

Behavior of the Suspect in Submission

362

(1)

Shortening and Repeating Rationalizations

362

(1)

Closing Physically with the Suspect

362

(2)

Controlling the Suspect

364

(1)

Avoiding Physical Contact

364

(1)

Testing for Submission

365

(1)

Using the Assumptive Question

366

(1)

Testing the Waters

367

(2)

Transition Statement

367

(1)

Choice Question or Soft Accusation

367

(1)

Suspect's Behavioral Shift

368

(1)

Asking Assumptive Questions

369

(1)

The Soft Accusation

369

(5)

The Choice Question

372

(2)

Acknowledging Acceptance of the Assumptive Question

374

(1)

Observing Behavioral Clues of an Admission

375

(2)

Sample Introductory Statements

377

(14)

Loss Prevention

377

(2)

Rationalization: Impulse

379

(2)

Rationale: Peer Pressure

381

(1)

Rationale: Financial Problems

382

(2)

Law Enforcement

384

(7)

Part Six-Development of the Admission

Development of the Admission

391

(24)

Acceptance of the Soft Accusation or Choice Question by the Suspect

392

(3)

Techniques to Expand the First Admission

395

(9)

The Worksheet

395

(1)

Resistance-Reducing Techniques

395

(1)

The Assumptive Question

396

(1)

Use of Exaggeration to Encourage Admission

397

(1)

Use of the Investigation as a Wedge

398

(1)

Substantiation of Amounts

399

(5)

Broad to Specific Issue

404

(1)

Behavioral Peak of Tension

404

(3)

Change of Interrogators

407

(1)

The Use of Evidence or the Absolute Denial

408

(1)

Playing One Against the Other

409

(1)

Development of Knowledge

409

(1)

Request for Names

409

(2)

Substantiation of Admissions using the Polygraph

411

(4)

Part Seven-The Statement

The Statement

415

(22)

Types of Statements

418

(3)

Narrative

418

(1)

Question and Answer

418

(1)

Formal Statements

419

(1)

Audio or Video Recordings

420

(1)

Interrogator Control

421

(1)

Timing of Taking the Statement

422

(1)

Potential Problems

423

(5)

The Suspect Alleges that the Statement Was Dictated to Him

423

(1)

The Suspect Says that He Cannot Read or Write

424

(1)

The Recording of a Statement May Be Questioned

424

(1)

The Suspect Alleges that He Was not Advised of His Rights

425

(1)

The Suspect Alleges Coercion in Writing the Statement

425

(1)

The Suspect Refuses to Make a Written Statement

425

(2)

The Interrogator Believes that the Suspect May Be Unwilling to Make a Written Statement

427

(1)

The Suspect Avoids Admitting Elements or Details of the Crime

427

(1)

Statement Format

428

(3)

Introduction

428

(1)

The Admission

429

(1)

Substantiation

429

(1)

Voluntariness

430

(1)

Signature and Correcting Errors

430

(1)

Protection of the Statement

431

(1)

Transcription of the Statement

432

(1)

Witnessing the Written Statement

433

(1)

Completion of Other Documents

433

(1)

The Written Report

434

(3)

Ending the Interview

437

(10)

Professional Close

438

(1)

The Unsuccessful Interview or Interrogation

438

(3)

Support for the Suspect

441

(1)

The End of the Interview

441

(1)

Final Report

442

(1)

Ethical Considerations

442

(5)

Part Eight-Frequently Asked Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

447

(24)

Telephone Interviewing

471

(12)

Why Telephone Interviews?

471

(1)

Disadvantages of the Telephone

472

(1)

Advantages of the Telephone

472

(1)

When to Use the Telephone

473

(1)

The Key Skill is Listening

474

(1)

Causes of Deception and Noncooperation

475

(1)

Preparing for the Interview or Interrogation

476

(1)

Truth and Deception

476

(1)

Interview Setting

477

(1)

Subject's Room Setup

477

(2)

Conducting the Interview or Interrogation

479

(4)

Specialized Interviews

483

(28)

Field Interviews

483

(5)

Disadvantages

483

(1)

Advantages

484

(1)

Timeframe

485

(1)

Reducing Resistance

486

(1)

Behavioral Considerations

487

(1)

Privacy

487

(1)

Pre-Employment Interviewing

488

(1)

Screening Methods

489

(1)

Legal Aspects

489

(2)

Job Description

491

(12)

Qualifications and Requirements

492

(1)

Evaluation of the Application Form

492

(1)

Deception by Applicants

493

(1)

Pre-Employment Interviewer Opening Statement

494

(1)

Nonthreatening

494

(1)

Briefly Explain the Position

495

(1)

Review Applicant's Background Information

495

(1)

Describe Selection Process

495

(1)

Importance of Truthfulness

496

(1)

Behavioral Concerns

496

(1)

Job History

497

(1)

Behavioral Interviews

497

(2)

Honesty and Drug-related Topics

499

(2)

Creating Standards

501

(1)

Closing the Interview

501

(1)

Evaluation of the Interview

502

(1)

Sexual Harassment Interviewing

503

(8)

Forms of Sexual Harassment

503

(1)

Types of Sexual Harassment

504

(2)

Development of the Sexual Harassment Investigation Team

506

(1)

Investigative Plan

507

(1)

Confronting the Alleged Harasser

508

(3)

Index

511


	Buy Textbooks Sell Textbooks College Apparel Shop by School Virtual Bookstores	Order Status Shipping Rates Return Policy Marketplace Info F.A.S.T.	Contact Us Privacy Policy Legal Notices Site Security Employment	Help Desk eCampus Blog Affiliate Program Bulk Orders College Marketing

Need Help? eService@ecampus.com Copyright© 1999-2008
.