| Acknowledgments |
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x | |
| Preface to Teachers (and Curious Students) |
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xi | |
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3 | (39) |
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English as a Survival Skill |
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3 | (10) |
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Critical Education in Historical Perspective |
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13 | (20) |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (3) |
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``Students Stand Up for Workers' Rights'' |
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22 | (3) |
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``The Abandoned Generation: Democracy Beyond the Culture of Fear'' |
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25 | (4) |
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Young America's Foundation Website |
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29 | (4) |
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A Preview Case: September 11, 2001 |
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33 | (9) |
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``The Voices of Dissent'' |
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33 | (2) |
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``Thoughts on September 11'' |
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35 | (1) |
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``Faced With Evil on a Grand Scale, Nothing Is Relative'' |
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36 | (6) |
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What Is an Argument? What Is a Good Argument? |
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42 | (21) |
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43 | (7) |
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Analysis, Synthesis, and Judgments |
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50 | (1) |
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Style and Tone, Eloquence and Moral Force |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (1) |
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Rhetoric: A Checklist for Analyzing Your Own and Others' Arguments |
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54 | (9) |
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A Historical-Causal Analysis of ``The White Problem'' |
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58 | (5) |
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Definitions and Criteria of Critical Thinking |
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63 | (26) |
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Critical Thinking and Cultural Literacy |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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Dialogue in Critical Thinking and Literature |
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67 | (1) |
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Recursiveness, Cumulativeness, and Levels of Meaning |
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68 | (2) |
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Drawing the Line and Establishing Proportion |
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70 | (19) |
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from The American Scholar |
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72 | (3) |
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``A Noiseless Patient Spider'' |
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75 | (1) |
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``Can Patriotism Be Compassionate?'' |
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76 | (4) |
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80 | (9) |
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Writing Argumentative Papers |
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89 | (36) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (4) |
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94 | (1) |
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Locating and Evaluating Sources |
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95 | (2) |
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A Model of the Writing Process in a Student Paper |
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97 | (28) |
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108 | (10) |
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118 | (7) |
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Part II: Attaining an Open Mind: Critical Thinking and Argumentative Rhetoric |
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Viewpoint, Bias, and Fairness: From Cocksure Ignorance to Thoughtful Uncertainty |
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125 | (23) |
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Relativism and Commitment |
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127 | (1) |
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Biased and Unbiased Viewpoints: The ESBYODS Principle |
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128 | (1) |
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Acknowledge Your Own and Opposing Viewpoints |
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129 | (1) |
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Rogerian Argument, Believers and Doubters |
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130 | (1) |
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A Semantic Calculator for Bias in Rhetoric |
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131 | (2) |
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Case Study: Anita Hill versus Clarence Thomas |
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133 | (8) |
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``The Effort to Destroy Clarence Thomas'' |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (5) |
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Thomas vs. Hill: Postscript 1, 2001 |
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141 | (1) |
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Thomas vs. Hill: Postscript 2, 2004 |
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141 | (7) |
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142 | (6) |
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Questioning Culturally Conditioned Assumptions and Ethnocentrism |
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148 | (35) |
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149 | (3) |
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152 | (2) |
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154 | (3) |
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157 | (4) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (21) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (2) |
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``Objectivity in Connected Thinking'' |
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166 | (3) |
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``The Campus Anti-Sweatshop Movement'' |
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169 | (7) |
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``In Defense of Sweatshops'' |
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176 | (1) |
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``Remarks Concerning the Savages of North America'' |
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177 | (6) |
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Overgeneralization, Stereotyping, and Prejudice |
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183 | (21) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (17) |
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``Will Sex Stereotypes Never End?'' |
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189 | (1) |
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``An Unexpected Education at St. Anthonys'' |
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190 | (2) |
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``Life on the Expense Account'' |
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192 | (2) |
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``Beverly Hills vs. the South Bronx'' |
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194 | (2) |
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``How to Slash Corporate Welfare'' |
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196 | (2) |
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``Corporations: Underworld, U.S.A.'' |
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198 | (6) |
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Authoritarianism and Conformity, Rationalization and Compartmentalization |
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204 | (18) |
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Rationalization, Compartmentalized Thinking, and Double Standards |
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209 | (3) |
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Double Standards and Selective Vision |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (9) |
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214 | (1) |
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Progressive, from ``An Interview with Adrienne Rich'' |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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``Greens Dodge Links to Unabomber'' |
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217 | (5) |
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Semantics in Rhetoric and Critical Thinking |
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222 | (22) |
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Denotation and Connotation |
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223 | (1) |
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Definition and Denotation in Argument |
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223 | (1) |
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Connotation in Argument: ``Cleans'' and ``Dirties'' |
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224 | (3) |
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Extra! Update, ``Language as a Key Mechanism of Control'' |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (1) |
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Abstract and Concrete Language |
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228 | (1) |
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Unconcretized Abstractions |
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229 | (1) |
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Literal and Figurative Language |
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229 | (1) |
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Literal and Figurative Language in Literature |
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230 | (2) |
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A Semantic Analysis of Rush Limbaugh |
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232 | (2) |
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Summary: Applying Semantic Analysis |
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234 | (10) |
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from Where I Lived and What I Lived For |
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235 | (1) |
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``When Words Cheapen Life'' |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (5) |
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``Look Behind Statistics for Changing Definitions'' |
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242 | (2) |
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Avoiding Oversimplification and Recognizing Complexity |
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244 | (16) |
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245 | (1) |
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Reading Between the Lines |
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246 | (2) |
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248 | (12) |
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256 | (4) |
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Some Key Terms in Logic and Argumentation |
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260 | (28) |
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Deductive and Inductive Arguments |
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260 | (10) |
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Implications and Inferences |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (2) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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Ground Rules for Polemicists |
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275 | (13) |
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``Vouchers, Choice: Opposing Views'' |
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275 | (2) |
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``Chicken Little Calling Out, 'Global Warning'' |
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277 | (1) |
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``Lies, Damn Lies and Racial Statistics'' |
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278 | (2) |
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``White Racism: The Seductive Lure of an Unproved Theory'' |
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280 | (3) |
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``Closing the Wealth Gap'' |
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283 | (5) |
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Logical and Rhetorical Fallacies |
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288 | (10) |
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Glossary of Logical and Rhetorical Fallacies |
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289 | (9) |
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298 | (26) |
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300 | (4) |
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``Other People's Children: North Lawndale and the South Side of Chicago'' |
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304 | (10) |
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``Crisis in American Education'' |
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314 | (7) |
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``Post-Feminist Swill Redux'' |
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321 | (1) |
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``Equality: A Grand Fallacy'' |
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322 | (2) |
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Uses and Misuses of Emotional Appeal |
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324 | (27) |
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Appeals to ``Cleans'' and ``Dirties'' |
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324 | (1) |
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Puff Pieces and Hatchet Jobs |
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325 | (7) |
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``Bunker Hunt's Greatest Investment'' |
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326 | (6) |
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Predictable Patterns of Wartime Rhetoric: Appeals to Fear and Pity |
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332 | (19) |
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339 | (2) |
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``The Real War 1939--1945'' |
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341 | (2) |
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``War Is the Supreme Drug,'' An Interview with Author Chris Hedges |
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343 | (8) |
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Part III: Thinking Critically About the Rhetoric of Politics and Mass Media |
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Thinking Critically About Political Rhetoric |
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351 | (40) |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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Liberalism, Conservatism, Democrat, Republican |
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352 | (2) |
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Socialism, Communism, Marxism |
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354 | (1) |
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The World Political Spectrum |
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355 | (3) |
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The American Political Spectrum |
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358 | (1) |
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A Guide to Political Terms and Positions |
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358 | (4) |
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Notes on the Guide to Political Terms and Positions |
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362 | (5) |
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Predictable Patterns of Political Rhetoric |
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367 | (1) |
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A Note on Twenty-first Century Modifications to Table 15.1 |
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368 | (1) |
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Political Viewpoints in Sources |
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368 | (23) |
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California Voter Information Booklet, ``Political Party Statements of Purpose'' |
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373 | (4) |
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``If We Decided to Tax the Rich'' |
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377 | (4) |
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``The Intellectual Class War'' |
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381 | (3) |
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``Ventura: Act Got Old, but the Message Prevails'' |
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384 | (2) |
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386 | (5) |
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Thinking Critically about Mass Media |
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391 | (34) |
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Do the Media Give People What They Want? |
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391 | (5) |
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``A Professor Challenges the Press'' |
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393 | (3) |
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Are News Media Objective? What Are Their Biases? |
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396 | (2) |
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The Debate over Political Bias in Media |
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398 | (9) |
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407 | (14) |
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407 | (4) |
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``Networks Need a Reality Check'' |
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411 | (2) |
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413 | (3) |
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``My Sports Right or Left'' |
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416 | (2) |
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``Outfoxed Tweaks Rupert Murdoch's Mayhemosphere'' |
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418 | (3) |
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421 | (4) |
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Part IV: Deception Detection |
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Special Interests, Conflict of Interest, Special Pleading |
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425 | (19) |
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``Iron Triangle' Would Quash Competitiveness'' |
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429 | (1) |
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``Quayle Group Meddles With Our Safeguards'' |
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430 | (1) |
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``Letter to Dr. David Kessler'' |
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431 | (2) |
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``Corporate Funding Taints Public Debate'' |
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433 | (2) |
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``The Historic Power of Special Interests'' |
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435 | (1) |
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436 | (2) |
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``Secrecy and Financial Conflicts in University-Industry Research Must Get Closer Scrutiny'' |
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438 | (3) |
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``Fat and Happy in D.C.'' |
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441 | (3) |
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444 | (24) |
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Invective, Smearing, Disinformation |
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445 | (2) |
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Lobbying and Public Relations |
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447 | (1) |
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Government Public Relations; The Military-Industrial Complex |
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448 | (20) |
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``Propaganda Under a Dictatorship'' |
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451 | (2) |
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``How to Watch the Next War'' |
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453 | (2) |
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455 | (4) |
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60 Minutes, ``Confessions of a Tobacco Lobbyist'' |
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459 | (4) |
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``Truth, Moore or Less: Fahrenheit 9/11'' |
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463 | (5) |
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468 | (17) |
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469 | (1) |
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Advertising Sells More than Products |
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470 | (1) |
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471 | (1) |
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472 | (13) |
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``Extravagant Expectations'' |
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473 | (2) |
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Center for Science in the Public Interest, ``Ten Food Secrets You Should Know'' |
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475 | (1) |
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``Children Now Facing Adult Heath Issues'' |
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476 | (1) |
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``Road to Ruin: Sport Utility Vehicles and the Greening of Environmental Destruction'' |
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477 | (8) |
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Part V: Putting It All Together in a Long Paper |
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A Case Study: The Rich, the Poor, and the Middle Class |
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485 | (27) |
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486 | (11) |
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486 | (3) |
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489 | (3) |
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Hinteraker and Johnson versus Barlett and Steele / John H. Hinderaker and Scott W. Johnson, ``George Bush's Tax Return'' |
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492 | (5) |
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Applications in Student Papers |
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497 | (3) |
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Summary of Suspicious Statistical Arguments |
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500 | (1) |
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An Outline of Conservative and Leftist Arguments on the Rich, the Poor, and the Middle Class |
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500 | (12) |
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``The CEO Makes What''? Return of a Fair-Pay Debate`` |
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506 | (1) |
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507 | (2) |
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''What's Behind Income Disparity?`` |
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509 | (3) |
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Collecting and Evaluating Opposing Sources: Writing the Research Paper |
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512 | (16) |
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Assignment for an Annotated Bibliography and Working Outline |
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513 | (1) |
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Sample Working Outline, Annotated Bibliography Entry, and Term Paper |
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513 | (3) |
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A Model Student Research Paper (Using MLA Style) |
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516 | (12) |
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528 | (3) |
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528 | (1) |
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529 | (2) |
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531 | (8) |
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531 | (1) |
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532 | (7) |
| Glossary of Rhetorical and Critical Thinking Terms |
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539 | (9) |
| Works Cited |
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548 | (5) |
| Index |
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553 | |
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