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1 | (4) |
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Availability and Structure of Lipases, Esterases, and Proteases |
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5 | (27) |
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5 | (15) |
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5 | (2) |
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Occurrence and Availability of Lipases |
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7 | (3) |
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Classification of Lipases |
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10 | (1) |
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General Features of PPL, PCL, CRL, CAL-B, and RML |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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General Features of Esterases |
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13 | (1) |
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Lipases and Esterases are α/β Hydrolases |
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14 | (3) |
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Lid or Flap in Interfacial Activation of Lipases |
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17 | (1) |
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Substrate Binding Site in Lipases and Esterases |
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17 | (3) |
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20 | (4) |
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Occurrence and Availability of Proteases and Amidases |
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20 | (1) |
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General Features of Subtilisin, Chymotrypsin, and Other Proteases and Amidases |
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21 | (1) |
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Substrate Binding Nomenclature in Proteases and Amidases |
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21 | (1) |
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Subtilisin and Related Proteases |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Structures of Proteases and Amidases |
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24 | (2) |
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Serine Proteases -- Subtilisin and Chymotrypsin |
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25 | (1) |
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How to Distinguish Between Lipase, Esterase, and Protease |
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26 | (1) |
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Screening and Directed Evolution |
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27 | (5) |
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Designing Enantioselective Reactions |
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32 | (7) |
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32 | (7) |
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32 | (1) |
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Recycling and Sequential Kinetic Resolutions |
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33 | (3) |
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36 | (3) |
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Choosing Reaction Media: Water and Organic Solvents |
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39 | (26) |
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39 | (1) |
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Transesterifications and Condensations in Organic Solvents |
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39 | (14) |
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Increasing the Catalytic Activity in Organic Solvents |
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41 | (1) |
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Choosing the Best Organic Solvent for High Activity |
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41 | (1) |
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Increasing the Enantioselectivity in Organic Solvents |
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42 | (2) |
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Acyl Donor for Acylation Reactions |
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44 | (3) |
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Water Content and Water Activity |
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47 | (3) |
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Synthesis of Amide Bonds Using Proteases and Amidases |
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50 | (3) |
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53 | (5) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (4) |
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58 | (7) |
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Assays for Hydrolase Activity |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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Increasing the Surface Area to Increase Catalytic Activity |
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61 | (2) |
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Lipid- or Surfactant-Coated Lipases |
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63 | (2) |
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Survey of Enantioselective Lipase-Catalyzed Reactions |
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65 | (66) |
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65 | (23) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (5) |
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Candida antarctica Lipase B |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (3) |
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Porcine Pancreatic Lipase |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (7) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (19) |
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88 | (4) |
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Porcine Pancreatic Lipase |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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Enantioselectivity of Lipases Toward Triglycerides |
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95 | (1) |
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Other Alcohols, Amines, and Alcohol Analogs |
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95 | (1) |
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Tertiary Alcohols and Other Quaternary Stereocenters |
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95 | (3) |
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Alcohols with Axial Chirality or Remote Stereocenters |
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98 | (2) |
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Alcohols with Non-Carbon Stereocenters |
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100 | (3) |
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Analogs of Alcohols: Amines, Thiols, and Hydroperoxides |
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103 | (4) |
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107 | (10) |
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107 | (1) |
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Carboxylic Acids with a Stereocenter at the α-Position |
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107 | (1) |
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Candida antarctica Lipase B |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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Carboxylic Acids with a Stereocenter at the β-Position |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (5) |
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Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions |
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122 | (5) |
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Commercial Enantioselective Reactions |
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127 | (4) |
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Enantiomerically-Pure Chemical Intermediates |
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127 | (1) |
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Enantiomerically-Pure Pharmaceutical Intermediates |
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127 | (4) |
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Chemo- and Regioselective Lipase-Catalyzed Reactions |
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131 | (42) |
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Protection and Deprotection Reactions |
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131 | (25) |
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131 | (1) |
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Primary Hydroxyl Groups in Sugars |
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132 | (10) |
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Secondary Hydroxyl Groups |
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142 | (5) |
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Hydroxyl Groups in Non-Sugars |
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147 | (4) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (4) |
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156 | (13) |
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1,3-Regioselective Reactions of Glycerides |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (4) |
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161 | (3) |
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164 | (3) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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Oligomerization and Polymerizations |
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169 | (3) |
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Other Lipase-Catalyzed Reactions |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (6) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (4) |
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Survey of Enantioselective Protease- and Amidase-Catalyzed Reactions |
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179 | (16) |
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179 | (4) |
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Secondary Alcohols and Primary Amines |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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Other Proteases and Amidases |
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181 | (1) |
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α-Amino Acids via Reactions at the Amino Group |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (12) |
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α-Amino Acids via Reactions at the Carboxyl Group |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (3) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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Other Proteases and Amidases |
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192 | (1) |
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Commercial Enantioselective Reactions |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (2) |
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Reactions Catalyzed by Esterases |
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195 | (14) |
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195 | (8) |
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195 | (1) |
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Overview of PLE Substrate Specificity and Models |
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196 | (2) |
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Asymmetrization of Carboxylic Acids with a Stereocenter at the α-Position |
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198 | (1) |
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Asymmetrization of Carboxylic Acids with Other Stereocenters |
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199 | (1) |
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Asymmetrization of Primary and Secondary meso-Diols |
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200 | (1) |
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Kinetic Resolution of Alcohols or Lactones |
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201 | (1) |
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Kinetic Resolution of Carboxylic Acids |
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202 | (1) |
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Reactions Involving Miscellaneous Substrates |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (2) |
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203 | (1) |
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Application of AChE in Organic Syntheses |
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204 | (1) |
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Other Mammalian Esterases |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (4) |
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206 | (2) |
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Other Microbial Esterases |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (12) |
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209 | (3) |
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Mammalian Epoxide Hydrolases |
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212 | (1) |
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Microbial Epoxide Hydrolases |
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213 | (8) |
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Bacterial Epoxide Hydrolases |
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213 | (3) |
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Fungal and Yeast Epoxide Hydrolases |
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216 | (5) |
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221 | (10) |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (3) |
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Regioselective Reactions of Dinitriles |
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226 | (1) |
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Enantioselective Reactions |
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227 | (4) |
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231 | (4) |
| Abbreviations |
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235 | (2) |
| References |
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237 | (90) |
| Index |
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327 | |