Focusing on the economy of the Soviet Union, this book applies input-output and optimization analysis to theoretical, numerical, and empirical studies of socialist economies. Identifying promising lines of investigation in the development of Soviet mathematical economics, Kuboniwa further extneds the Soviet research, including Novozhilov's theory of optimal pricing and Dudkin-Ershov's iterative aggregation. Of interest to economists specializing in Soviet and East European economies, the book provides the first comprehensive static input-output analysis of Soviet and East European economies from a comparative viewpoint, preliminary comparative analysis of the Soviet Union and United States economies, the first application of the turnpike theory to the Soviet economy, and a survey of price reform proposals put forward by Soviet mathematical economists in order to achieve economic perestroika.