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Cover Art for Adaptive Motion of Animals And Machines
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Adaptive Motion of Animals And Machines
Author(s): Kimura, Hiroshi; Tsuchiya, Kazuo; Ishiguro, Akio; Witte, Hartmut
ISBN10:  4431241647
ISBN13:  9784431241645
Format:  Hardcover
Pub. Date:  12/16/2005
Publisher(s): Springer Verlag

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Table of Contents
Part 1 Motion Generation and Adaptation in Animals
Overview of Adaptive Motion in Animals and Its Control Principles Applied to Machines
3(2)
Avis H. Cohen
Robust Behaviour of the Human Leg
5(12)
Reinhard Blickhan
Andre Seyfarth
Heiko Wagner
Arnd Friedrichs
Michael Gunther
Klaus D. Maier
Introduction
5(1)
Results
6(8)
Perspective
14(3)
Control of Hexapod Walking in Biological Systems
17(14)
Holk Cruse
Volker Durr
Josef Schmitz
Axel Schneider
Walking: a nontrivial behavior
17(2)
Control of the step rhythm of the individual leg
19(1)
Control of the selector network: coordination between legs
19(2)
Control of the swing movement
21(3)
Control of the stance movement and coordination of supporting legs
24(2)
Conclusion
26(5)
Purposive Locomotion of Insects in an Indefinite Environment
31(10)
Masafumi Yano
Introduction
31(1)
Motion control system
32(3)
Central pattern generator model
35(3)
Results
38(1)
Discussion
38(3)
Control Principles for Locomotion--Looking Toward Biology
41(12)
Avis H. Cohen
Introduction to Central Pattern Generators and their sensory control
41(1)
CPG and muscle activation
41(4)
Sensory feedback
45(4)
Summary and conclusions
49(4)
Higher Nervous Control of Quadrupedal vs Bipedal Locomotion in Non-Human Primates; Common and Specific Properties
53(16)
Shigemi Mori
Futoshi Mori
Katsumi Nakajima
Introduction
53(1)
Locomotor control CNS mechanisms including anticipatory and reactive control mechanisms
54(2)
Emergence, acquisition and refinement of Bp locomotion in Juvenile Japanese monkeys
56(2)
Common and different control properties of Qp and Bp locomotion
58(1)
Similarity and difference in the kinematics of lower limbs during Bp walking between our monkey model and the human
59(1)
Summary and discussion
60(9)
Part 2 Adaptive Mechanics
Interactions between Motions of the Trunk and the Angle of Attack of the Forelimbs in Synchronous Gaits of the Pika (Ochotona rufescens)
69(10)
Remi Hackert
Hartmut Witte
Martin S. Fischer
Introduction
70(1)
Preliminiary question: do pikas prefer one forelimb as trailing limb?
70(2)
Trajectories of the centre of mass of pikas in half-bound gait
72(2)
Does the angle of attack couple with speed?
74(1)
Conclusions
75(4)
On the Dynamics of Bounding and Extensions: Towards the Half-Bound and Gallop Gaits
79(12)
Ioannis Poulakakis
James Andrew Smith
Martin Buehler
Introduction
79(1)
Bounding experiments with Scout II
80(1)
Self-stabilization in the SLIP
81(1)
Modeling the Bounding Gait
82(3)
Local stability of passive bounding
85(1)
The half-bound and rotary gallop gaits
85(3)
Conclusion
88(3)
Part 3 Machine Design and Control
Jumping, Walking, Dancing, Reaching: Moving into the Future. Design Principles for Adaptive Motion
91(16)
Rolf Pfeifer
Introduction
91(2)
Design principles: overview
93(4)
Information theoretic implications of embodiment
97(5)
Exploring ``ecological balance''---artificial evolution and morphogenesis
102(2)
Discussion and conclusions
104(3)
Towards a Well-Balanced Design in the Particle Deflection Plane
107(10)
Akio Ishiguro
Kazuhisa Ishimaru
Toshihiro Kawakatsu
Introduction
107(1)
Lessons from biological findings
108(1)
The model
109(1)
Proposed method
110(1)
Preliminary simulation results
111(3)
Conclusion and future work
114(3)
Experimental Study on Control of Redundant 3--D Snake Robot Based on a Kinematic Model
117(14)
Fumitoshi Matsuno
Kentaro Suenaga
Introduction
117(2)
Redundancy controllable system
119(1)
Kinematic model of snake robots
119(3)
Condition for redundancy controllable system
122(1)
Controller design for main-objective
123(1)
Controller design for sub-objective
124(1)
Experiments
125(1)
Conclusion
125(6)
Part 4 Bipedal Locomotion Utilizing Natural Dynamics
Simulation Study of Self-Excited Walking of a Biped Mechanism with Bent Knee
131(12)
Kyosuke Ono
Xiaofeng Yao
Introduction
131(1)
The analytical model and basic equations
132(3)
The results of simulation
135(5)
Conclusion
140(3)
Design and Construction of MIKE; a 2-D Autonomous Biped Based on Passive Dynamic Walking
143(12)
Martijn Wisse
Jan van Frankenhuyzen
Introduction
143(1)
Foot shape
144(2)
McKibben muscles as adjustable springs
146(2)
Pneumatic system
148(1)
Pressure control unit
149(2)
Walking experiments
151(2)
Conclusion
153(2)
Learning Energy-Efficient Walking with Ballistic Walking
155(10)
Masaki Ogino
Koh Hosoda
Minoru Asada
Introduction
155(1)
Ballistic walking with state machine
156(3)
Energy minimization by a learning module
159(2)
Comparing with human data
161(2)
Discussion
163(2)
Motion Generation and Control of Quasi Passsive Dynamic Walking Based on the Concept of Delayed Feedback Control
165(12)
Yasuhiro Sugimoto
Koichi Osuka
Introduction
165(1)
Model of the walking robot
166(1)
Stability of passive dynamic walking
167(1)
DFC-based control method
168(3)
Computer simulation
171(3)
Conclusion and future work
174(3)
Part 5 Neuro-Mechanics & CPG and/or Reflexes
Gait Transition from Swimming to Walking: Investigation of Salamander Locomotion Control Using Nonlinear Oscillators
177(12)
Auke Jan Ijspeert
Jean-Marie Cabelguen
Introduction
177(1)
Neural control of salamander locomotion
178(1)
Mechanical simulation
179(1)
Locomotion controller
180(6)
Discussion
186(3)
Nonlinear Dynamics of Human Locomotion: from Real-Time Adaptation to Development
189(16)
Gentaro Taga
Introduction
189(1)
Real-time adaptation of locomotion through global entrainment
190(5)
Anticipatory adjustment of locomotion through visuo-motor coordination
195(2)
Computational ``lesion'' experiments in gait pathology
197(2)
Freezing and freeing degrees of freedom in the development of locomotion
199(2)
Concluding comments
201(4)
Towards Emulating Adaptive Locomotion of a Quadrupedal Primate by a Neuro-musculo-skeletal Model
205(12)
Naomichi Ogihara
Nobutoshi Yamazaki
Introduction
205(1)
Model
206(5)
Results
211(3)
Discussion
214(3)
Dynamics-Based Motion Adaptation for a Quadruped Robot
217(10)
Hiroshi Kimura
Yasuhiro Fukuoka
Introduction
217(1)
Adaptive dynamic walking based on biological concepts
218(3)
Entrainment between pitching and rolling motions
221(2)
Adaptive walking on irregular terrain
223(2)
Conclusion
225(2)
A Turning Strategy of a Multi-legged Locomotion Robot
227(10)
Kazuo Tsuchiya
Shinya Aoi
Katsuyoshi Tsujita
Introduction
227(1)
Model
228(1)
Stability analysis of walking
229(5)
Turning walk control
234(1)
Conclusion
235(2)
A Behaviour Network Concept for Controlling Walking Machines
237(12)
Jan Albiez
Tobias Luksch
Karsten Berns
Rudiger Dillmann
Introduction
237(1)
Activation, activity, target rating and behaviours
238(3)
The walking machine BISAM
241(1)
Implementing a behaviour network
242(1)
Conclusion and outlook
243(6)
Part 6 Adaptation at Higher Nervous Level
Control of Bipedal Walking in the Japanese Monkey, M. fuscata: Reactive and Anticipatory Control Mechanisms
249(12)
Futoshi Mori
Katsumi Nakajima
Shigemi Mori
Introduction
249(1)
Reactive control of Bp locomotion on a slanted treadmill belt
250(3)
Reactive and anticipatory control of Bp locomotion on an obstacle-attached treadmill belt
253(4)
Summary
257(4)
Dynamic Movement Primitives--A Framework for Motor Control in Humans and Humanoid Robotics
261(20)
Stefan Schaal
Introduction
261(2)
Dynamic movement primitives
263(6)
Parallels in biological research
269(6)
Conclusion
275(6)
Coupling Environmental Information from Visual System to Changes in Locomotion Patterns: Implications for the Design of Adaptable Biped Robots
281(15)
Aftab E. Patla
Michael Cinelli
Michael Greig
Introduction
281(1)
The twelve postulates for visual control of human locomotion
282(2)
Challenges for applying this knowledge to building of adaptable biped robots
284(2)
Avoiding collisions with obstacles in the travel path
286(7)
Avoiding stepping on a specific landing area in the travel path
293(3)
Conclusions
296

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