A Brief History of Modern Psychology

by Ludy T. Benjamin (Texas A & M University)

• ISBN13: 9781405132060
• ISBN10: 140513206X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-08-01
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

In A Brief History of Modern Psychology, Ludy Benjamin, leading historian in the field, discusses the history of both the science and the practice of psychology since the establishment of the first experimental psychology laboratory in 1879. Captures the excitement of this pervasive field that features prevalently in modern mass media Presents facts and interesting tidbits about individual psychologists' lives and ideas, as well as illuminating tie-in's to the social contexts in which they lived Features widely known figures such as William James, Carl Jung, Wilhelm Wundt, G. Stanley Hall, James Catell, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner as well as lesser known luminaries such as E.B. Titchener, Mary Calkins, Leta Hollingworth, Kenneth and Mamie Clark, and Helen Thompson Wolley Provides the historical and disciplinary context that will help readers to better understand the richness and complexity of contemporary psychology Includes discussions of important events, societies, and landmarks in the history of psychology such as the growth of psychological laboratories in the US, the Thayer Conference (the landmark summit which defined school psychology), Kurt Lewin's social action research, and Lewis M. Terman and the Stanford Revision of the Binet-Simon Scale (now the well known, "Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale")

Author Biography

Ludy T. Benjamin, Jr. is Professor of Psychology and Educational Psychology at Texas A&M University and is holder of the Glasscock Professorship and a Presidential Professorship in Teaching Excellence. His numerous publications include From Séance to Science: A History of the Profession of Psychology in America (with David Baker, 2004) and A History of Psychology in Letters (second edition 2006, Blackwell).

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations	xi
Preface	xv
1 Pre-Scientific Psychology	1	(18)
A Public Psychology	4	(9)
Phrenology	4	(3)
Physiognomy	7	(2)
Mesmerism	9	(1)
Spiritualism	10	(1)
Mental Healing	11	(2)
The Road to Mental Philosophy	13	(5)
British Empiricism	14	(1)
Scottish Realism	15	(1)
American Mental Philosophers	16	(2)
Struggles for the New Science	18	(1)
2 Physiology, Psychophysics, and the Science of Mind	19	(17)
Brain and Nervous System	20	(7)
Cortical Localization	21	(3)
Specificity in the Nerves	24	(1)
The Speed of Nerve Conduction	25	(2)
Sensory Physiology	27	(3)
Color Vision	28	(1)
Pitch Perception	29	(1)
Psychophysics	30	(6)
Ernst Weber's Research	31	(2)
Fechner's Psychophysics	33	(3)
3 Germany and the Birth of a New Science	36	(19)
Wundt's Leipzig Laboratory	37	(8)
Wundt's Psychology	38	(3)
Wundt's Research Methods	41	(2)
Wundt's Völkerpsychologie	43	(1)
Wundt's Students	44	(1)
Hermann Ebbinghaus and the Study of Memory	45	(3)
Franz Brentano's Act Psychology	48	(1)
Carl Stumpf and the Psychology of Tone	49	(1)
Georg Elias Müller and Memory	50	(2)
Oswald Külpe and Thinking	52	(3)
4 Origins of Scientific Psychology in America	55	(19)
William James as Psychologist	57	(6)
James's Principles	58	(3)
James's Student: Mary Whiton Calkins	61	(1)
Philosophy and Psychical Phenomena	62	(1)
G. Stanley Hall and the Professionalization of Psychology	63	(5)
The Child Study Movement	64	(1)
Adolescence and Hall's Genetic Psychology	65	(2)
Psychoanalysis, Religion, Aging	67	(1)
James McKeen Cattell: Psychology's Ambassador	68	(4)
Cattell's Mental Tests	69	(1)
Cattell as Editor of Science	70	(2)
Getting the Word Out about a New Science	72	(2)
5 The Early Schools of Psychology	74	(19)
Titchener's Psychology	77	(7)
Structuralism	78	(1)
Introspection	79	(1)
Studies of Sensation: Psychology's Periodic table	80	(1)
Titchener's First Doctoral Student: Margaret Floy Washburn	81	(3)
The Experimentalists	83	(1)
The Manuals	83	(1)
Functionalism	84	(7)
British Influences	85	(1)
Angell's Functional Psychology	86	(2)
Woodworth's Dynamic Psychology	88	(2)
The Psychological Work of the Functionalists	90	(1)
The Legacies of Structuralism and Functionalism	91	(2)
6 The Birth of the New Applied Psychology in America	93	(20)
The Beginnings of Clinical Psychology	94	(5)
Lightner Witmer's Psychological Clinic	95	(4)
A Psychology of Business	99	(7)
The Psychology of Advertising	99	(4)
Walter D. Scott	100	(2)
Harry L. Hollingworth	102	(1)
Münsterberg and Industrial Efficiency	103	(2)
Lillian Gilbreth's Engineering Psychology	105	(1)
Business Psychology outside the Academy	106	(1)
Vocational Guidance	106	(1)
Intelligence Testing	107	(2)
Münsterberg and the Psychology of Law	109	(2)
The New Profession of Psychology	111	(2)
7 Psychoanalysis	113	(20)
Freud's Early Training	115	(1)
Josef Breuer and the Case of Anna O.	116	(2)
Psychoanalysis as a Theory of the Normal Mind	118	(1)
Psychoanalysis as a Theory of the Neuroses	119	(1)
Psychoanalysis as Method	120	(2)
Psychoanalysis in America	122	(5)
The Neo-Freudians	127	(5)
Alfred Adler's Individual Psychology	127	(1)
Carl Jung's Analytical Psychology	128	(2)
Karen Homey	130	(2)
The Continued Popularity of Psychoanalysis	132	(1)
8 Behaviorism	133	(21)
John Watson and the Founding of Behaviorism	134	(10)
The Beginnings of Comparative Psychology	136	(3)
Watson's Behaviorism	139	(1)
Conditioned Emotions	140	(1)
Watson at Johns Hopkins University	141	(2)
Watson as Founder	143	(1)
The Growth of Behaviorism	143	(1)
Neobehaviorism	144	(9)
Tolman's Cognitive Behaviorism	144	(3)
Hull's Hypothetico-Deductive Behaviorism	147	(2)
Skinner's Radical Behaviorism	149	(4)
Behaviorism: A Final Note	153	(1)
9 The New Profession of Psychology	154	(21)
A Profession Defined	155	(1)
Experiences in World War I	156	(3)
Early Organizational Efforts	159	(3)
The Role of Psychological Assessment	162	(1)
Clinical Psychology	163	(2)
Industrial-Organizational Psychology	165	(3)
School Psychology	168	(2)
Counseling Psychology	170	(3)
The Modern Profession	173	(2)
10 A Psychology of Social Action and Social Change	175	(21)
The Psychology of Sex Differences	177	(6)
Helen Bradford Thompson (Woolley)	178	(2)
Leta Stetter Hollingworth	180	(3)
Kurt Lewin's Action Research	183	(4)
The Psychology of Race	187	(8)
Race Differences in Intelligence	188	(3)
Psychology and School Desegregation	191	(4)
A Final Note	195	(1)
11 Cognitive Psychology	196	(20)
Gestalt Psychology	198	(6)
Bartlett and the Constructive Mind	204	(2)
The Rise of Modern Cognitive Psychology	206	(9)
Karl Lashley and the Hixon Symposium	207	(1)
Computer Metaphors	208	(2)
Pioneers of the 1950's: Bruner, Brown, Chomsky, Miller	210	(4)
Naming the Field	214	(1)
Was There a Cognitive Revolution?	215	(1)
Epilogue	216	(4)
References	220	(17)
Index	237