A Brief History of the Western World: From the Beginning to the Enlightenment

by Greer, Thomas H.; Lewis, Gavin

Edition:

8th

ISBN13:

9780155075009

ISBN10:

0155075004

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

6/1/2001

Publisher(s):

Thomson Learning

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Summary

Greer/Lewis's A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE WESTERN WORLD gives you a comprehensive view of the development of Western civilization in half the pages of other texts. Each chapter provides broad coverage of political, social, cultural, and religious themes. Includes a CD-ROM and access to an online university library.

Preface

PART ONE The Ancient World: 3000 B.C.-A.D. 500

(200)

The Birth of Civilization in the Middle East

(52)

Overview

(2)

The Prehistoric Era

(9)

The Origins and ``Ages'' of Human Beings

(3)

The New Stone Age: The Agricultural Revolution

(5)

The Earliest Cities: Mesopotamia

(13)

Sumer (3500-2400 B.C.)

(8)

Babylonia (2400-1200 B.C.)

(4)

Land of the Pharaohs: Egypt

(13)

The Nile and the ``Two Lands''

(1)

Government by a God-King (3100-30 B.C.)

(3)

Religion and Law

(3)

Literature, Science, and Art

(6)

The First Universal Empires: Assyria and Persia

(10)

Crisis and Recovery of the Civilized World (1200-900 B.C.)

(2)

Assyria (900-600 B.C.)

(3)

Persia (550-330 B.C.)

(4)

The European Barbarians

(5)

The Greek Beginnings of Western Civilization

(50)

Overview

(1)

The Aegean Background

(4)

The City-State

(13)

Sparta: The Military Ideal

(3)

Athens: The Glory of Greece

(7)

The City-State Way of Life

(1)

Greek Religion

(4)

Gods and Goddesses

(1)

Priests, Oracles, and Mystery Cults

(2)

The Founders of Western Philosophy

(6)

Pioneers of Rational Thought

(1)

The Sophists

(1)

Socrates and Plato

(3)

Aristotle

(1)

Greek Literature

(6)

Epic and Lyric Poetry

(2)

Drama: Tragedy and Comedy

(3)

History

(1)

Architecture and Sculpture

(6)

Temple Building: The Parthenon

(2)

Images of Gods and Humans

(3)

The Decline of the Greek City-States

(5)

The Peloponnesian War

100

(2)

The Rise of Macedonia

102

(1)

Alexander the Great and the Wider Spread of Greek Culture

103

(5)

Alexander's Dream of ``One World''

103

(2)

The Hellenistic States

105

(3)

The Roman Triumph and Fall

108

(54)

Overview

108

(2)

The Rise of Rome

110

(8)

Italy and Its Peoples

110

(2)

The Government of the Early Republic

112

(3)

Roman Expansion

115

(3)

The Overthrow of the Republic

118

(5)

The Impact of War and Conquest

118

(3)

The Turn to Monarchy: Julius Caesar

121

(2)

The Imperial Foundations

123

(3)

The Augustan Political Settlement

123

(1)

Reform, Reconstruction, and the End of Expansion

124

(2)

The Approach to One World: Pax Romana

126

(6)

The Empire: Extent and Composition

127

(3)

Cities of the Empire

130

(1)

The Meaning of the Roman Peace: Prosperity, Technology, Citizenship

131

(1)

Roman Character and Thought

132

(6)

Religion, Family Life, and Morality

132

(2)

Literature as Moralistic Expression

134

(1)

Roman Epicureanism and Stoicism

135

(3)

Science and Medicine

138

(1)

Roman Law

138

(2)

The Evolution of Roman Law

138

(1)

The Idea of ``Natural Law''

139

(1)

Codification of the Laws

140

(1)

Architecture and Engineering

140

(9)

Architectural Forms and Aims

141

(3)

Civic Architecture and Monuments

144

(5)

The End of Rome and the Beginning of Europe

149

(13)

The Problems of the Empire

149

(2)

Reconstitution of the Empire by Diocletian and Constantine

151

(7)

Germanic Invasions of the West

158

(4)

A Conquering New Faith: Christianity

162

(39)

Overview

162

(2)

Sources of Christianity

164

(8)

Judaism

164

(6)

Perisan Religious Ideas and Practices

170

(2)

Greek Philosophical Thought

172

(1)

The Life and Teachings of Jesus

172

(2)

The ``Nature'' of Jesus

172

(1)

The Sermon on the Mount

173

(1)

The Early Church and Its Expansion

174

(6)

Missionary Beginnings: Pentecost

174

(1)

The Apostle Paul

175

(2)

The Spread of Christianity

177

(2)

Persecution of the Christians

179

(1)

The Growth of Christian Organization and Doctrine

180

(9)

The Rise of the Priesthood and the Emergence of Bishops

181

(1)

Roman Supremacy: The Pope

182

(2)

The Canon of Scriptures

184

(1)

Doctrinal Differences: Orthodoxy and Heresy

185

(2)

The Council of Nicaea and the Trinitarian Creed

187

(2)

The Worldly Victory of the Church

189

(4)

The Conquest of the States

189

(2)

Augustine: The Philosopher of Christian Victory

191

(2)

Early Christian Monasticism

193

(8)

The Ascetic Ideal

193

(1)

The Hermit Monks: Anthony

194

(1)

Regulated Communities: Basil, Jerome

195

(2)

Benedict and His Rule

197

(4)

PART TWO Medieval Civilization: 500-1300

201

(116)

The Creation of Europe: Political and Social Foundations

204

(66)

Overview

204

(4)

Western Europe in the Early Middle Ages

208

(6)

The Germanic Barbarians

208

(2)

The Kingdom of the Franks

210

(4)

The Rival Culture of Byzantium

214

(6)

Justinian

214

(2)

Byzantium's Historic Role

216

(2)

Byzantium and the Slavs

218

(2)

The Book and Sword of Islam

220

(10)

The Arabs and Muhammad

221

(1)

The Saracen Empire

222

(1)

Islam and Christianity

223

(1)

Islamic Social and Ethical Ideas

224

(1)

Obligations of the Faithful

225

(1)

Religious and Political Divisions

226

(1)

The Muslim Legacy to the West

226

(4)

The Emergence of Medieval Civilization

230

(17)

The Rise of the Carolingian Dynasty

230

(1)

The Alliance of the Franks and the Papacy

231

(2)

Charlemagne

233

(5)

The Restoration of the ``Roman Empire''

238

(1)

The Dissolution of Charlemagne's Empire

239

(3)

Europe Takes Shape

242

(5)

Feudalism

247

(10)

The Feudal Compact

248

(2)

Homage and Knighthood

250

(1)

The Feudalization of the Church

251

(1)

Feudal States

251

(6)

Manorialism

257

(5)

The Manorial Estate

257

(3)

The People of the Manor

260

(2)

The Rise of Trade and Towns

262

(8)

Origins

263

(3)

The Location and Appearance of Towns

266

(1)

A New Social Element: The Bourgeois

267

(1)

Economic Theory and Control: The Guilds

268

(2)

The Flowering of Medieval Culture

270

(47)

Overview

270

(2)

The Medieval Church

272

(13)

The Sacraments

272

(2)

Christian Devotional Life

274

(3)

Monastic Reform Movements: Cluny and the Friars

277

(2)

The Papal Monarchy

279

(4)

The Struggle for Supremacy over the State

283

(2)

Christian Art

285

(10)

The Romanesque Style

285

(5)

The Gothic Style

290

(5)

Thought and Education

295

(7)

The Rise of Universities

296

(3)

Scholastic Philosophy

299

(3)

Medieval Science

302

(1)

Language and Literature

302

(5)

Latin Writings

303

(1)

Vernacular Writings

304

(3)

West and East: The Crusades

307

(7)

The Western Counteroffensive

307

(1)

Triumph and Tragedy in the Holy Land

308

(5)

The Anti-Jewish Crusade

313

(1)

The Medieval Ideal and Reality: A Summary

314

(3)

PART THREE The Coming of Modern Times: 1300-1650

317

(128)

The Transformation and Expansion of Europe

320

(51)

Overview

320

(1)

Dissolution of the Medieval Synthesis

321

(8)

The Calamitous Fourteenth Century

322

(3)

Eastern Europe: Western Colonists, Asian Invaders

325

(4)

The New Economy

329

(6)

The Birth of Modern Capitalism

330

(1)

Innovations in Business Organization

330

(1)

The Rise of Banking and Bankers

331

(2)

The Impact on Social Structure and Values

333

(2)

The New Technology

335

(4)

The New Politics

339

(15)

Absolutism in Practice: Italy

341

(3)

The Theory of Absolutism: Machiavelli

344

(3)

Building the National Monarchies: France and England

347

(5)

The Eclipse of the Universal Empire: Germany

352

(2)

The New Geography

354

(17)

The Impulse to Overseas Expansion

354

(3)

The Voyages of European Discovery: The New World

357

(4)

The Colonial Empires

361

(4)

Oversea Consequences of Europe's Expansion

365

(3)

Consequences for Europe

368

(3)

The Renaissance: Upsurge of Humanism

371

(34)

Overview

371

(2)

The Renaissance View of Human Nature

373

(10)

The Revival of Interest in the Classical World

373

(1)

The New Scholarship: Petrarch, Boccaccio

374

(2)

Humanistic Education and the ``Gentleman''

376

(2)

Philosophy: The Appeal of Platonism

378

(1)

The Critical Spirit and the Beginnings of Empiricism

379

(1)

Christian Humanism: Erasmus

380

(3)

The Revolution in Art

383

(15)

The Pioneer of Naturalism: Giotto

383

(2)

New Artistic Techniques: Brunelleschi, van Eyck

385

(4)

The Liberation of Sculpture: Donatello

389

(3)

Art Triumphs over Nature: Botticelli, Leonardo

392

(3)

The Artistic Climax: Michelangelo

395

(3)

Literature and Drama

398

(7)

The Libertarian Humorist: Rabelais

398

(1)

The Skeptical Essayist: Montaigne

399

(2)

The Master Dramatist: Shakespeare

401

(4)

The Reformation: Division and Reform in the Church

405

(40)

Overview

405

(2)

Background of the Reformation

407

(6)

Decay of the Church

407

(2)

The Awakening Reform Spirit: Wiclif, Hus

409

(3)

The Influence of Political and Social Forces

412

(1)

The Revolt of Luther: ``Justification by Faith''

413

(5)

The Provocation: The Sale of Indulgences

413

(1)

Luther's Spiritual Search: His Doctrine of Salvation

414

(1)

The Widening Split with Rome

415

(1)

Building the Lutheran Church

416

(2)

Calvin and the Elect: ``Predestination''

418

(7)

Calvin: The International Reformer

418

(2)

The Doctrine of God's Omnipotence

420

(2)

Calvinist Ethics: The Puritan Discipline

422

(1)

Relations of Church and State

423

(1)

Calvinist Ministry and Ritual

424

(1)

Henry VIII and the Church of England

425

(5)

Henry's Desire for Independence

425

(1)

Break with Rome: The Act of Supremacy

426

(1)

The Struggle over Doctrine: Protestant Advance and Catholic Reaction

427

(1)

The Elizabethan Compromise

428

(2)

The Roman Catholic Response: Reform and Reaffirmation

430

(4)

Relation to Protestant Movements

430

(1)

Loyola and the Society of Jesus

431

(1)

The Reforming Popes and the Council of Trent

432

(2)

Historical Significance of the Reformation

434

(1)

Art During the Reformation

435

(10)

The Impact of Protestantism: Holbein, Brueghel

435

(1)

The Development of the Baroque: Rubens, Rembrandt

436

(3)

Baroque Sculpture and Architecture: Bernini

439

(6)

PART FOUR The Changing West: 1600-1850

445

Science and a New Cosmology

448

Overview

448

National and International Development

451

Foundations of the European State System: The Peace of Westphalia

451

The Absolute Monarch: Louis XIV

455

Eastern Europe: Prussia, Austria, and Russia

457

Justifications for Absolutism: Bossuet, Hobbes

461

The Scientific Revolution of the Seventeenth Century

463

Discoverers of a New Cosmos: Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo

464

Makers of Scientific Method: Bacon, Descartes

468

The Grand Synthesizer: Newton

469

The Organization of Science

471

The Impact of Science on Philosophy: The Enlightenment

472

A Revised Cosmology: The ``World-Machine''

473

The View of God: Deism

474

The View of Human Society

475

Faith in Nature and Reason

476

The Vision of Progress

478

Political Response to the New Philosophy: Enlightened Despotism

480

The Rational Spirit in Literature and Art

481

Classicism: Racine, Pope

482

Satire: Voltaire

483

The Architecture of Reason: Wren, Jefferson

484

Academy Painting: Portraits of Aristocratic Elegance

487

The Classical Age of Music

490

Music in Western Civilization

490

Birth of the ``Modern'' Style: Monteverdi, Handel, Bach

492

The Classical Spirit: Haydn, Mozart

493

A Brief History of the Western World: From the Beginning to the Enlightenment

9780155075009

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Table of Contents