Preface | |
Abbreviations | |
Credits | |
Introductory | |
What is the Old Testament? | |
Chapter and Verse | |
The Jewish Canon | |
The Christian Canons | |
The Canons of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
The Promised Land: Geography, History, and Importance | |
Geography | |
History | |
Timeline | |
Importance | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
Cosmic Origins | |
Creations Genesis 1-3 | |
The Book of Genesis | |
Genesis 1 and the Sabbath | |
Genesis and Science | |
The Sabbath in Jewish and Christian Tradition | |
The Second Account of Creation (Gen 2.4b-3.24) | |
The Garden of Eden | |
Adam and Eve in Jewish and Christian Tradition | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
The Formation of the Pentateuch and the Primeval History | |
Genesis 4-11 | |
The Traditional View | |
The Development of Modern Interpretation | |
A Summary of the Documentary Hypothesis | |
The Formation of the Pentateuch | |
Challenges to the Documentary Hypothesis | |
Other Strategies for Interpreting the Pentateuch | |
Primeval History | |
J (the Yahwist Source) | |
Cain and Abel | |
Noah's Drunkenness | |
The Sons of God | |
P (the Priestly Source) | |
The Tower of Babel | |
The Table of Nations | |
The Flood | |
The Documentary Hypothesis at Work | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
National Origins | |
The Ancestors of Israel | |
Genesis 12-50 | |
The Nature of the Narratives | |
Source Criticism | |
Abram and Abraham, Sarai and Sarah | |
The Binding of Isaac | |
Form Criticism | |
Circumcision | |
Ancient Near Eastern Parallels | |
The Ugaritic Texts | |
The Joseph Narrative | |
The Ancestors of Israel | |
Abraham, Father of Believers | |
History and the Ancestors of Israel | |
The Religion of the Ancestors | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
Escape From Egypt | |
Exodus 1-15 | |
The Book of Exodus | |
Exodus 1-15 | |
Legends of Rescue | |
The Divine Name Yahweh | |
The Hardening of the Pharaoh's Heart | |
The Development of the Passover Celebration | |
The Exodus and History | |
The Exodus and the History of Religions | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
From Egypt to Sinai | |
Exodus 16-24 | |
Itineraries | |
Incidents on the Journey | |
Manna | |
The Location of Sinai | |
At Sinai | |
Covenant | |
The Ten Commandments | |
The Status and Numbering of the Ten Commandments | |
The Ratification of the Covenant | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
Law, Ritual, and Holiness | |
Exodus 20.22-23.33 and 25-40 and Leviticus | |
Law in the Ancient Near East | |
Excerpt from the Code of Hammurapi | |
The Covenant Code (Ex 20.22-23.33) | |
The Ark, the Tabernacle, and the Priestly Vestments and Ordination | |
"An Eye for an Eye" | |
The Golden Calf | |
Forty Days and Forty Nights | |
The Ritual Decalogue | |
An Ancient Hebrew Agricultural Calendar | |
Sequel | |
The Book of Leviticus | |
Sacrifices (Lev 1-7) | |
The Consecration Ceremonies and Their Aftermath (Lev 8-10) | |
Purity and Impurity (Lev 11-15) | |
The Day of Atonement | |
The Holiness Code | |
Capital Punishment | |
Women in Israelite Ritual and Law | |
The Ethics of Leviticus | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
In the Wilderness | |
Numbers | |
The Book of Numbers | |
Preparations for the Journey | |
Law, Ritual, and Purity | |
The Chronology and Geography of the Wanderings | |
Rebellions in the Wilderness | |
Miriam | |
Opposition on the Journey | |
Excerpt from the Deir Alla Texts | |
Preparations for the Entry into the Land | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
The End of the Journey to the Promised Land | |
Deuteronomy | |
The Book of Deuteronomy | |
The Shema | |
The Origins of Deuteronomy | |
The Deuteronomic School | |
The Character and Personality of Moses | |
The Meanings of "Torah" | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
Joshua and the Conquest of the Land of Canaan | |
Joshua | |
The Deuteronomistic History | |
The Book of Joshua | |
History and the Book of Joshua | |
Shechem in Biblical Tradition | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
The Emergence of Israel in the Land of Canaan | |
Judges and Ruth | |
The Book of Judges | |
The Moabites and the Ammonites | |
The Song of Deborah | |
The Philistines | |
History and the Israelite Confederation | |
The Book of Ruth | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
Kings and Prophets | |
The Establishment of the Monarchy | |
1 Samuel | |
The Books of Samuel | |
1 Samuel | |
Positive Assessments of Saul | |
History | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
The Reign of David | |
2 Samuel, 1 Kings 1-2 | |
2 Samuel | |
David's Compositions | |
Jerusalem | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
The Reign of Solomon | |
1 Kings 1-11 and Psalm 89 | |
The Books of Kings | |
1 Kings 1-11 | |
Solomon in Later Tradition | |
The Ideology of the Davidic Monarchy | |
The Royal Ideology in Later Traditions | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
The Divided Kingdoms of Israel and Judah From the Late Tenth to the Early Eighth Centuries Bce | |
1 Kings 12-2 Kings 14 | |
History | |
Chronology of the Kings of Israel and Judah Late Tenth to Mid-Eighth Centuries BCE | |
Institutions and Society | |
Prophets and Prophecy | |
Prophets in Later Traditions | |
The Legends of Elijah and Elisha | |
Elijah in Later Tradition | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
The Northern Kingdom of Israel in the Eighth Century Bce | |
2 Kings 14-17, Amos, and Hosea | |
History | |
Chronology of the Eighth Century BCE | |
Prophetic Books and "Classical" Prophecy | |
Amos | |
The Day of the Lord | |
Hosea | |
Prophetic Attacks on Rituals | |
Marriage in Ancient Israel | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
The Kingdom of Judah in the Eighth and Early Seventh Centuries Bce | |
2 Kings 15-20, 2 Chronicles 29-32, Isaiah 1-39, and Micah | |
History | |
Chronology of the Eighth and Seventh Centuries BCE | |
The Reign of Hezekiah | |
Isaiah | |
The Siege of Jerusalem in 734 BCE | |
The Identity of Immanuel | |
The Assyrian Invasion of Judah in 701 BCE | |
Sennacherib's Attack on Jerusalem (701 BCE) according to the Assyrian Annals | |
Hezekiah's Tunnel | |
Micah | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
Judah in the Seventh and Early Sixth Centuries Bce: The End of Assyrian Domination and the Fall of Jerusalem | |
2 Kings 21-25, 2 Chronicles 33-36, Zephaniah, Nahum, Habakkuk, and Jeremiah | |
History | |
Chronology of the Seventh and Early Sixth Centuries BCE | |
The Reign of Manasseh | |
Ashurbanipal's Library | |
The Reign of Josiah | |
Megiddo and Armageddon | |
The Last Kings of Judah | |
The Fall of Jerusalem | |
The Book of Zephaniah | |
The Book of Nahum | |
The Book of Habakkuk | |
Jeremiah | |
Jeremiah in Postbiblical Tradition | |
Jeremiah and the History of Bookmaking | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
Exile and Return | |
After the Fall: Jews in Judah and Babylon | |
Lamentations, Psalm 137, Obadiah, and Ezekiel | |
History | |
The Book of Lamentations | |
Acrostic Poems | |
The Jews in Babylonia | |
Psalm 137 | |
The Book of Obadiah | |
Ezekiel | |
Yahweh as Violent Spouse | |
Gog of Magog | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
Return From Exile | |
Ezra 1-2 and Isaiah 34-35 and 40-55 | |
History | |
Chronology of the Sixth Century BCE | |
The Priestly Source of the Pentateuch | |
The Exilic Edition of the Deuteronomistic History | |
Isaiah 40-55 | |
The Development of Monotheism | |
Female Images of God | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
Reconstruction, Consolidation, and Challenge | |
The Restoration: Judah in the Late Sixth and Fifth Centuries Bce | |
Ezra 3-10, Haggai, Zechariah, Isaiah 24-27 and 56-66, Joel, and Malachi | |
History | |
Chronology of the Mid-Sixth to the Fourth Centuries BCE | |
Ezra 3-6 | |
Aramaic | |
The Book of Haggai | |
Zechariah 1-8 | |
Isaiah 56-66 | |
The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah | |
The Elephantine Papyri | |
Apocalyptic Literature | |
The "Isaiah Apocalypse" (Isa 24-27) | |
Zechariah 9-14 | |
The Book of Joel | |
The Book of Malachi | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
The Consolidation of Traditions | |
1-2 Chronicles, Psalms, and Proverbs | |
The Books of Chronicles | |
Samaria and the Samaritans | |
The Book of Psalms | |
Parallelism | |
Music in Ancient Israel | |
Wisdom Literature | |
The Book of Proverbs | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
Dissidents, Lovers, and Heroes | |
Job, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Jonah, Esther, and Daniel | |
The Book of Job | |
The Satan | |
"I Know That My Redeemer Liveth" | |
Behemoth and Leviathan | |
Job's Wife and Daughters | |
The Book of Ecclesiastes | |
The Development of Beliefs in Life after Death in Ancient Israel | |
The Song of Solomon | |
Historical Romances | |
The Book of Jonah | |
The Book of Esther | |
The Festival of Purim | |
The Book of Daniel | |
Angels and Demons | |
"Son of Man" | |
A Look Back and Ahead | |
Appendix: The Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books | |
Revisions of and Additions to Biblical Books | |
Historiographic Literature | |
Historical Fiction | |
Wisdom Literature | |
Other Compositions | |
Chronology | |
General Bibliography | |
Glossary | |
Index | |
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