Planning, Drafting, And Revising | |
Think as a Writer | |
Think about the process of communication | |
Think about how to persuade others | |
Think about your audience | |
Think about your credibility | |
Think about your purpose | |
Plan and Draft | |
Think about the expectations of college readers | |
Establish your goals | |
Explore your topic | |
Write a working thesis | |
Plan a strategy | |
Compose a draft | |
Write as a member of a team | |
Compose Paragraphs | |
Focus your paragraphs | |
Organize your paragraphs | |
Make your paragraphs coherent | |
Consider paragraph length | |
Link across paragraphs | |
Write effective beginning and ending paragraphs | |
Rewrite, Edit, and Proofread | |
Switch from writer to reader | |
Learn strategies for rewriting | |
Respond to other writers' drafts | |
Edit for particular goals | |
Proofread carefully | |
Learn to edit the writing of others | |
Writing For Different Purposes | |
Read and View with a Critical Eye | |
Become a critical reader | |
Read actively | |
Recognize verbal fallacies | |
Become a critical viewer | |
Recognize visual fallacies | |
Write to Analyze | |
Understand the goal of a rhetorical analysis | |
Analyze the context and the text | |
Organize and write a rhetorical analysis | |
Sample rhetorical analysis | |
Analyze images and other visual texts | |
Write to Reflect | |
Find a reflective topic | |
Identify a focus | |
Organize and write a reflection | |
Sample reflective essay | |
Write to Inform | |
Find an informative topic | |
Narrow your topic and write a thesis | |
Organize and write an informative essay | |
Sample informative essay | |
Write Arguments | |
Position arguments and proposal arguments | |
Find an arguable topic | |
Make an arguable claim | |
Organize and write a position argument | |
Sample position argument | |
Organize and write a proposal argument | |
Sample proposal arguments | |
Writing In The Disciplines | |
Learn to Write in Academic Disciplines | |
Become an academic writer | |
What counts as evidence in the disciplines? | |
Write in Specific Genres | |
Write an essay examination | |
Write an observation | |
Write a case study | |
Write a lab report in the sciences | |
Write a letter of application | |
Write a résumé | |
Write about Literature | |
Become a critical reader of literature | |
Develop an interpretation | |
Write a literary analysis | |
Sample literary analysis | |
Designing And Presenting | |
Communicate with Words, Images, and Graphics | |
Write in multimedia | |
Think about verbal and visual relationships | |
Know where images and graphics work best | |
Know where words work best | |
Design for Print and the Screen | |
Start with your readers | |
Design pages | |
Choose type | |
Compose images | |
Edit images | |
Create tables, charts, and graphs | |
Design a Web site | |
Design Presentations | |
Plan a presentation | |
Design visuals for a presentation | |
Deliver an effective presentation | |
Researching | |
Plan Your Research | |
Analyze the research task | |
Find a topic | |
Determine what kind of research you need | |
Draft a working thesis | |
Start a working bibliography | |
Find and Evaluate Sources in Databases | |
Know the strengths of database sources | |
Find information in databases | |
Construct effective database searches | |
Evaluate database sources | |
Locate elements of a citation in database sources | |
Find and Evaluate Sources on the Web | |
Know the strengths and weaknesses of Web sources | |
Find reliable Web sources | |
Construct effective Web searches | |
Find visual sources online | |
Evaluate Web sources | |
Locate elements of a citation in Web sources | |
Find and Evaluate Print Sources | |
Know the strengths of print sources | |
Find books | |
Find journal articles | |
Evaluate print sources | |
Locate elements of a citation in print sources | |
Plan Field Research | |
Know what you can obtain from field research | |
Conduct interviews | |
Administer surveys | |
Make observations | |
Incorporate Sources and Avoid Plagiarism | |
Understand the purposes of sources | |
Incorporate sources | |
Avoid plagiarism | |
Quote sources without plagiarizing | |
Summarize and paraphrase sources without plagiarizing | |
Write and Revise the Research Project | |
Revisit your research | |
Plan your organization | |
Write a draft | |
Select and introduce quotations | |
Review your draft | |
Revise, revise, revise | |
Documenting | |
Five Steps for Documenting Sources | |
Which documentation style do I use? | |
What kind of source am I using? | |
When do I cite sources? | |
How do I cite a source in my paper? | |
How do I cite sources at the end of my paper? | |
MLA Documentation | |
In-text citations in MLA style | |
Books in MLA-style works cited | |
Journals and magazines | |
Newspapers | |
Government documents, pamphlets, dissertations, and letters | |
Library database publications | |
Online publications | |
CD-ROM, software, and unedited online sources | |
Visual sources | |
Multimedia sources | |
Informational notes | |
Sample research paper with MLA documentation | |
APA Documentation | |
In-text citations in APA style | |
Books and nonperiodical sources in the APA-style references list | |
Periodical sources | |
Online sources | |
Visual, computer, and multimedia sources | |
Sample paper with APA documentation | |
CMS Documentation | |
Books and nonperiodical sources in CMS-style citations | |
Periodical sources | |
Online and computer sources | |
Multimedia sources | |
Sample pages with CMS documentation | |
CSE Documentation | |
In-text citations in CSE style | |
Books and nonperiodical sources in CSE-style references | |
Periodical sources | |
Online sources | |
Sample pages with CSE documentation | |
Effective Style And Language | |
Write with Power | |
Pay attention to verbs | |
Stay active | |
Find agents | |
Vary your sentences | |
Give your writing personality | |
Write Concisely | |
Eliminate unnecessary words | |
Reduce wordy phrases | |
Simplify tangled sentences | |
Write with Emphasis | |
Manage emphasis in sentences | |
Forge links across sentences | |
Use parallel structure with parallel ideas | |
Use parallel structure with lists | |
Use parallel structure in paragraphs | |
Find the Right Words | |
Be aware of levels of formality | |
Be aware of denotation and connotation | |
Use specific language | |
Use effective figurative language | |
Write to Be Inclusive | |
Be aware of stereotypes | |
Be inclusive about gender | |
Be inclusive about race and ethnicity | |
Be inclusive about other differences | |
Recognize international varieties of English | |
Understanding Grammar | |
Grammar Basics | |
Sentence basics | |
Word classes | |
Clauses | |
Phrases | |
Sentence types | |
Fragments, Run-ons, and Comma Splices | |
Fragments | |
Run-on sentences | |
Comma splices | |
Subject-Verb Agreement | |
Agreement in the present tense | |
Singular and plural subjects | |
Indefinite pronouns as subjects | |
Collective nouns as subjects | |
Inverted word order | |
Amounts, numbers, and pairs | |
Verbs | |
Basic verb forms | |
Irregular verbs | |
Transitive and intransitive verbs | |
Shifts in tense | |
Shifts in mood | |
Pronouns | |
Pronoun case | |
Pronoun agreement | |
Problems with pronouns and gender | |
Vague reference | |
Modifiers | |
Choose the correct modifier | |
Place adjectives carefully | |
Place adverbs carefully | |
Revise disruptive modifiers | |
Revise dangling modifiers | |
Understanding Punctuation And Mechanics | |
Commas | |
Commas with introductory elements | |
Commas with compound clauses | |
Commas with nonrestrictive modifiers | |
Commas with items in a series | |
Commas with coordinate adjectives | |
Commas with quotations | |
Commas with dates, numbers, titles, and addresses | |
Commas to avoid confusion | |
Unnecessary commas | |
Semicolons and Colons | |
Semicolons with closely related main clauses | |
Semicolons together with commas | |
Colons in sentences | |
Colons with lists | |
Hyphens | |
Hyphens with compound modifiers | |
Hyphens with compound nouns | |
Hyphens that divide words at the ends of lines | |
Hyphens for clarity | |
Dashes and Parentheses | |
Dashes and parentheses versus commas | |
Dashes and parentheses to set off information | |
Other punctuation with parentheses | |
Other punctuation with dashes | |
Apostrophes | |
Possessives | |
Contractions and omitted letters | |
Plurals of letters, symbols, and words referred to as words | |
Quotation Marks | |
Direct quotations | |
Titles of short works | |
Other uses of quotation marks | |
Misuses of quotation marks | |
Other punctuation with quotation marks | |
Other Punctuation Marks | |
Periods | |
Question marks | |
Exclamation points | |
Brackets | |
Ellipses | |
Slashes | |
Write with Accurate Spelling | |
Know the limitations of spelling checkers | |
Distinguish homonyms | |
Capitalization and Italics | |
Capital letters | |
Italics | |
Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Numbers | |
Abbreviations | |
Acronyms | |
Numbers | |
If English Is Not Your First Language | |
Write in a Second Language | |
Understand the demands of writing in a second language | |
Use your native language as a resource | |
Use dictionaries | |
Understand English idioms | |
Nouns, Articles, and Prepositions | |
Kinds of nouns | |
Count and noncount nouns | |
Singular and plural forms | |
Articles | |
Prepositions | |
Verbs | |
Types of verbs | |
Be verbs | |
Modal auxiliary verbs | |
Verbs and infinitives | |
Verbs and -ing verbals | |
Conditional sentences | |
Participial adjectives | |
Phrasal verbs | |
English Sentence Structure | |
Subjects | |
English word order | |
Placement of modifiers | |
Adjectives with prepositions | |
Glossary of Grammatical Terms and Usage | |
Index to Exercises | |
Index | |
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
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