C How to Program

by Deitel, Harvey M.; Deitel, Paul J.

• ISBN13: 9780131426443
• ISBN10: 0131426443
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Highly practical in approach, this book introduces learners to the fundamental notions of structured programming and software engineering. KEY TOPICSIt covers the full C language, key library functions, object-oriented programming in C++ and Java, and event-driven GUI programming in Java. For individuals begin their mastery of C Programming.

Table of Contents

Preface	xix
Introduction to Computers, the Internet and the World Wide Web	1	(25)
Introduction	2	(2)
What Is a Computer?	4	(1)
Computer Organization	4	(1)
Evolution of Operating Systems	5	(1)
Personal, Distributed and Client/Server Computing	6	(1)
Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages	6	(2)
FORTRAN, COBOL, Pascal and Ada	8	(1)
History of C	8	(1)
C Standard Library	9	(1)
C++	10	(1)
Java	10	(1)
BASIC, Visual Basic, Visual C++, C# and .NET	11	(1)
Key Software Trend: Object Technology	12	(1)
Basics of a Typical C Program Development Environment	13	(2)
Hardware Trends	15	(1)
History of the Internet	16	(1)
History of the World Wide Web	17	(1)
General Notes About C and this Book	18	(8)
Introduction to C Programming	26	(30)
Introduction	27	(1)
A Simple C Program: Printing a Line of Text	27	(4)
Another Simple C Program: Adding Two Integers	31	(5)
Memory Concepts	36	(1)
Arithmetic in C	37	(3)
Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators	40	(16)
Structured Program Development in C	56	(44)
Introduction	57	(1)
Algorithms	57	(1)
Pseudocode	58	(1)
Control Structures	58	(2)
The if Selection Statement	60	(2)
The if...else Selection Statement	62	(3)
The while Repetition Statement	65	(2)
Formulating Algorithms: Case Study 1 (Counter-Controlled Repetition)	67	(2)
Formulating Algorithms with Top-Down, Stepwise Refinement: Case Study 2 (Sentinel-Controlled Repetition)	69	(6)
Formulating Algorithms with Top-Down, Stepwise Refinement: Case Study 3 (Nested Control Structures)	75	(4)
Assignment Operators	79	(1)
Increment and Decrement Operators	80	(20)
C Program Control	100	(43)
Introduction	101	(1)
Repetition Essentials	101	(1)
Counter-Controlled Repetition	102	(2)
for Repetition Statement	104	(2)
for Statement: Notes and Observations	106	(1)
Examples Using the for Statement	107	(4)
Switch Multiple-Selection Statement	111	(6)
do...while Repetition Statement	117	(2)
break and continue Statements	119	(1)
Logical Operators	120	(3)
Confusing Equality (==) and Assignment (=) Operators	123	(2)
Structured Programming Summary	125	(18)
C Functions	143	(56)
Introduction	144	(1)
Program Modules in C	144	(1)
Math Library Functions	145	(2)
Functions	147	(1)
Function Definitions	148	(4)
Function Prototypes	152	(2)
Headers	154	(1)
Calling Functions: Call by Value and Call by Reference	155	(1)
Random Number Generation	156	(5)
Example: A Game of Chance	161	(3)
Storage Classes	164	(3)
Scope Rules	167	(3)
Recursion	170	(3)
Example Using Recursion: Fibonacci Series	173	(4)
Recursion vs. Iteration	177	(22)
C Arrays	199	(59)
Introduction	200	(1)
Arrays	200	(2)
Defining Arrays	202	(1)
Array Examples	202	(14)
Passing Arrays to Functions	216	(4)
Sorting Arrays	220	(3)
Case Study: Computing Mean, Median and Mode Using Arrays	223	(5)
Searching Arrays	228	(5)
Multiple-Subscripted Arrays	233	(25)
C Pointers	258	(59)
Introduction	259	(1)
Pointer Variable Definitions and Initialization	259	(1)
Pointer Operators	260	(3)
Calling Functions by Reference	263	(4)
Using the const Qualifier with Pointers	267	(6)
Bubble Sort Using Call-by-Reference	273	(4)
Sizeof Operator	277	(2)
Pointer Expressions and Pointer Arithmetic	279	(2)
Relationship between Pointers and Arrays	281	(5)
Arrays of Pointers	286	(1)
Case Study: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation	286	(6)
Pointers to Functions	292	(25)
C Characters and Strings	317	(47)
Introduction	318	(1)
Fundamentals of Strings and Characters	318	(2)
Character Handling Library	320	(5)
String Conversion Functions	325	(5)
Standard Input/Output Library Functions	330	(5)
String Manipulation Functions of the String Handling Library	335	(2)
Comparison Functions of the String Handling Library	337	(2)
Search Functions of the String Handling Library	339	(7)
Memory Functions of the String Handling Library	346	(4)
Other Functions of the String Handling Library	350	(14)
C Formatted Input/Output	364	(29)
Introduction	365	(1)
Streams	365	(1)
Formatting Output with printf	365	(1)
Printing Integers	366	(2)
Printing Floating-Point Numbers	368	(1)
Printing Strings and Characters	369	(1)
Other Conversion Specifiers	370	(2)
Printing with Field Widths and Precision	372	(2)
Using Flags in the printf Format Control String	374	(3)
Printing Literals and Escape Sequences	377	(1)
Formatting Input with scanf	378	(15)
C Structures, Unions, Bit Manipulations and Enumerations	393	(36)
Introduction	394	(1)
Structure Definitions	394	(3)
Initializing Structures	397	(1)
Accessing Members of Structures	397	(2)
Using Structures with Functions	399	(1)
typedef	399	(1)
Example: High-Performance Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation	400	(3)
Unions	403	(2)
Bitwise Operators	405	(9)
Bit Fields	414	(3)
Enumeration Constants	417	(12)
C File Processing	429	(37)
Introduction	430	(1)
Data Hierarchy	430	(2)
Files and Streams	432	(1)
Creating a Sequential-Access File	433	(5)
Reading Data from a Sequential-Access File	438	(5)
Random-Access Files	443	(1)
Creating a Random-Access File	444	(2)
Writing Data Randomly to a Random-Access File	446	(3)
Reading Data from a Random-Access File	449	(1)
Case Study: Transaction-Processing Program	450	(16)
C Data Structures	466	(54)
Introduction	467	(1)
Self-Referential Structures	468	(1)
Dynamic Memory Allocation	468	(2)
Linked Lists	470	(8)
Stacks	478	(6)
Queues	484	(6)
Trees	490	(30)
C Preprocessor	520	(12)
Introduction	521	(1)
#include Preprocessor Directive	521	(1)
#define Preprocessor Directive: Symbolic Constants	522	(1)
#define Preprocessor Directive: Macros	522	(2)
Conditional Compilation	524	(1)
#error and #pragma Preprocessor Directives	525	(1)
# and ## Operators	525	(1)
Line Numbers	526	(1)
Predefined Symbolic Constants	526	(1)
Assertions	527	(5)
Other C Topics	532	(22)
Introduction	533	(1)
Redirecting Input/Output on UNIX and Windows Systems	533	(1)
Variable-Length Argument Lists	534	(2)
Using Command-Line Arguments	536	(2)
Notes on Compiling Multiple-Source-File Programs	538	(2)
Program Termination with exit and at exit	540	(1)
volatile Type Qualifier	541	(1)
Suffixes for Integer and Floating-Point Constants	541	(1)
More on Files	542	(2)
Signal Handling	544	(2)
Dynamic Memory Allocation: Functions calloc and realloc	546	(1)
Unconditional Branching with goto	547	(7)
C++ as a ``Better C''	554	(27)
Introduction	555	(1)
C++	555	(1)
A Simple Program: Adding Two Integers	556	(2)
C++ Standard Library	558	(1)
Header Files	559	(2)
Inline Functions	561	(2)
References and Reference Parameters	563	(4)
Default Arguments and Empty Parameter Lists	567	(2)
Unary Scope Resolution Operator	569	(3)
Function Overloading	572	(1)
Function Templates	573	(8)
C++ Classes and Data Abstraction	581	(46)
Introduction	582	(1)
Implementing a Time Abstract Data Type with a Class	583	(6)
Class Scope and Accessing Class Members	589	(2)
Separating Interface from Implementation	591	(4)
Controlling Access to Members	595	(3)
Access Functions and Utility Functions	598	(3)
Initializing Class Objects: Constructors	601	(1)
Using Default Arguments with Constructors	601	(4)
Using Destructors	605	(1)
When Constructors and Destructors Are Called	606	(3)
Using Data Members and Member Functions	609	(5)
A Subtle Trap: Returning a Reference to a private Data Member	614	(2)
Assignment by Default Memberwise Copy	616	(2)
Software Reusability	618	(9)
C++ Classes: Part II	627	(40)
Introduction	628	(1)
const (Constant) Objects and const Member Functions	628	(8)
Composition: Objects as Members of Classes	636	(6)
friend Functions and friend Classes	642	(3)
Using the this Pointer	645	(5)
Dynamic Memory Allocation with Operators new and delete	650	(1)
static Class Members	651	(6)
Data Abstraction and Information Hiding	657	(3)
Example: Array Abstract Data Type	658	(1)
Example: String Abstract Data Type	659	(1)
Example: Queue Abstract Data Type	659	(1)
Container Classes and Iterators	660	(7)
C++ Operator Overloading	667	(32)
Introduction	668	(1)
Fundamentals of Operator Overloading	669	(1)
Restrictions on Operator Overloading	670	(2)
Operator Functions as Class Members vs. as friend Functions	672	(1)
Overloading Stream-Insertion and Stream-Extraction Operators	673	(3)
Overloading Unary Operators	676	(1)
Overloading Binary Operators	676	(1)
Case Study: An Array Class	677	(12)
Converting between Types	689	(1)
Overloading ++ and --	690	(9)
C++ Inheritance	699	(38)
Introduction	700	(2)
Inheritance: Base Classes and Derived Classes	702	(2)
Protected Members	704	(1)
Casting Base-Class Pointers to Derived-Class Pointers	704	(6)
Using Member Functions	710	(1)
Overriding Base-Class Members in a Derived Class	710	(4)
Public, Protected and Private Inheritance	714	(1)
Direct Base Classes and Indirect Base Classes	715	(1)
Using Constructors and Destructors in Derived Classes	716	(4)
Implicit Derived-Class Object to Base-Class Object Conversion	720	(1)
Software Engineering with Inheritance	721	(1)
Composition vs. Inheritance	722	(1)
Uses A and Knows A Relationships	722	(1)
Case Study: Point, Circle, Cylinder	723	(14)
C++ Virtual Functions and Polymorphism	737	(23)
Introduction	738	(1)
Type Fields and switch Statements	738	(1)
virtual Functions	739	(1)
Abstract Base Classes and Concrete Classes	740	(1)
Polymorphism	740	(2)
New Classes and Dynamic Binding	742	(1)
Virtual Destructors	743	(1)
Case Study: Inheriting Interface and Implementation	743	(9)
Polymorphism, virtual Functions and Dynamic Binding ``Under the Hood''	752	(8)
C++ Stream Input/Output	760	(46)
Introduction	762	(1)
Streams	762	(3)
Iostream Library Header Files	763	(1)
Stream Input/Output Classes and Objects	763	(2)
Stream Output	765	(4)
Stream-Insertion Operator	765	(2)
Cascading Stream-Insertion/Extraction Operators	767	(1)
Output of char * Variables	768	(1)
Character Output with Member Function put; Cascading puts	769	(1)
Stream Input	769	(6)
Stream-Extraction Operator	769	(3)
get and getline Member Functions	772	(3)
istream Member Functions peek, putback and ignore	775	(1)
Type-Safe I/O	775	(1)
Unformatted I/O with read, gcount and write	775	(1)
Stream Manipulators	776	(5)
Integral Stream Base: dec, oct, hex and setbase	776	(1)
Floating-Point Precision (precision, setprecision)	777	(2)
Field Width (setw, width)	779	(1)
User-Defined Manipulators	780	(1)
Stream Format States	781	(10)
Format State Flags	781	(2)
Trailing Zeros and Decimal Points (ios: : showpoint)	783	(1)
Justification (ios : : left, ios : : right, ios : : internal)	783	(3)
Padding (fill, setfill)	786	(1)
Integral Stream Base (ios : : dec, ios : : oct, ios : : hex, ios : : showbase)	787	(1)
Floating-Point Numbers; Scientific Notation (ios : : scientific, ios : : fixed)	788	(1)
Uppercase/Lowercase Control (ios : : uppercase)	789	(1)
Setting and Resetting the Format Flags (flags, setiosflags, resetiosflags)	790	(1)
Stream Error States	791	(2)
Tying an Output Stream to an Input Stream	793	(13)
C++ Templates	806	(13)
Introduction	807	(1)
Class Templates	807	(6)
Class Templates and Nontype Parameters	813	(1)
Templates and Inheritance	814	(1)
Templates and friends	814	(1)
Templates and static Members	815	(4)
C++ Exception Handling	819	(33)
Introduction	820	(2)
When Exception Handling Should Be Used	822	(1)
Other Error-Handling Techniques	823	(1)
Basics of C++ Exception Handling: try, throw, catch	824	(1)
A Simple Exception-Handling Example: Divide by Zero	824	(3)
Throwing an Exception	827	(1)
Catching an Exception	828	(3)
Rethrowing an Exception	831	(2)
Exception Specifications	833	(1)
Processing Unexpected Exceptions	833	(1)
Stack Unwinding	834	(1)
Constructors, Destructors and Exception Handling	835	(1)
Exceptions and Inheritance	836	(1)
Processing new Failures	836	(4)
Class auto_ptr and Dynamic Memory Allocation	840	(2)
Standard Library Exception Hierarchy	842	(10)
Introduction to Java Applications and Applets	852	(53)
Introduction	853	(1)
Basics of a Typical Java Environment	854	(3)
General Notes about Java and This Book	857	(1)
A Simple Program: Printing a Line of Text	858	(8)
Another Java Application: Adding Integers	866	(5)
Sample Applets from the Java 2 Software Development Kit	871	(6)
The TicTacToe Applet	872	(3)
The DrawTest Applet	875	(1)
The Java2D Applet	876	(1)
A Simple Java Applet: Drawing a String	877	(7)
Two More Simple Applets: Drawing Strings and Lines	884	(2)
Another Java Applet: Adding Integers	886	(19)
Beyond C and C++: Operators, Methods and Arrays in Java	905	(57)
Introduction	906	(1)
Primitive Data Types and Keywords	906	(2)
Logical Operators	908	(5)
Method Definitions	913	(5)
Java API Packages	918	(4)
Random Number Generation	922	(4)
Example: A Game of Chance	926	(8)
Methods of Class JApplet	934	(1)
Declaring and Allocating Arrays	935	(1)
Examples Using Arrays	936	(10)
References and Reference Parameters	946	(1)
Multiple-Subscripted Arrays	946	(16)
Java Object-Based Programming	962	(37)
Introduction	963	(1)
Implementing a Time Abstract Data Type with a Class	964	(8)
Class Scope	972	(1)
Creating Packages	972	(4)
Initializing Class Objects: Constructors	976	(1)
Using Set and Get Methods	977	(7)
Using the this Reference	984	(2)
Finalizers	986	(1)
Static Class Members	986	(13)
Java Object-Oriented Programming	999	(52)
Introduction	1000	(2)
Superclasses and Subclasses	1002	(2)
protected Members	1004	(1)
Relationship between Superclass Objects and Subclass Objects	1004	(8)
Implicit Subclass-Object-to-Superclass-Object Conversion	1012	(1)
Software Engineering with Inheritance	1012	(1)
Composition vs. Inheritance	1013	(1)
Introduction to Polymorphism	1014	(1)
Type Fields and switch Statements	1014	(1)
Dynamic Method Binding	1014	(1)
final Methods and Classes	1015	(1)
Abstract Superclasses and Concrete Classes	1015	(1)
Polymorphism Example	1016	(2)
New Classes and Dynamic Binding	1018	(1)
Case Study: Inheriting Interface and Implementation	1019	(6)
Case Study: Creating and Using Interfaces	1025	(5)
Inner Class Definitions	1030	(11)
Notes on Inner Class Definitions	1041	(1)
Type-Wrapper Classes for Primitive Types	1041	(10)
Java Graphics and Java2D	1051	(41)
Introduction	1052	(2)
Graphics Contexts and Graphics Objects	1054	(1)
Color Control	1055	(7)
Font Control	1062	(6)
Drawing Lines, Rectangles and Ovals	1068	(3)
Drawing Arcs	1071	(3)
Drawing Polygons and Polylines	1074	(3)
The Java2D API	1077	(1)
Java2D Shapes	1077	(15)
Java Graphical User Interface Components	1092	(71)
Introduction	1093	(2)
Swing Overview	1095	(2)
JLabel	1097	(3)
Event Handling Model	1100	(2)
JTextField and JPasswordField	1102	(6)
How Event Handling Works	1107	(1)
JTextArea	1108	(3)
JButton	1111	(3)
JCheckBox	1114	(3)
JComboBox	1117	(3)
Mouse Event Handling	1120	(4)
Layout Managers	1124	(9)
FlowLayout	1125	(3)
BorderLayout	1128	(3)
GridLayout	1131	(2)
Panels	1133	(2)
Creating a Self-Contained Subclass of JPanel	1135	(6)
Windows	1141	(1)
Using Menus with Frames	1142	(21)
Java Multimedia: Images, Animation and Audio	1163	(27)
Introduction	1164	(1)
Loading, Displaying and Scaling Images	1165	(3)
Loading and Playing Audio Clips	1168	(3)
Animating a Series of Images	1171	(4)
Animation Issues	1175	(2)
Customizing Applets via the HTML param Tag	1177	(5)
Image Maps	1182	(2)
Internet and World Wide Web Resources	1184	(6)
A Internet and Web Resources	1190	(7)
C/C++ Resources	1190	(1)
C++ Tutorials	1191	(1)
C/C++ FAQs	1191	(1)
comp.lang.c++	1191	(1)
C/C++ Compilers	1192	(1)
Java Resources	1193	(1)
Java Products	1194	(1)
Java FAQs	1194	(1)
Java Tutorials	1194	(1)
Java Magazines	1195	(1)
Java Applets	1195	(1)
Multimedia	1196	(1)
Java Newsgroups	1196	(1)
B C99 Internet and Web Resources	1197	(2)
C99 Resources	1197	(2)
C Operator Precedence Charts	1199	(5)
D ASCII Character Set	1204	(1)
E Number Systems	1205	(13)
Introduction	1206	(3)
Abbreviating Binary Numbers as Octal Numbers and Hexadecimal Numbers	1209	(1)
Converting Octal Numbers and Hexadecimal Numbers to Binary Numbers	1210	(1)
Converting from Binary, Octal, or Hexadecimal to Decimal	1210	(1)
Converting from Decimal to Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal	1211	(2)
Negative Binary Numbers: Two's Complement Notation	1213	(5)
C Standard Library Resources	1218	(2)
C Standard Library Resources	1218	(2)
Index	1220