C++ Programming

by Malik,D.S.

• ISBN13: 9780619160449
• ISBN10: 0619160446
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-03-23
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Written exclusively for the student as opposed to the IT professional, this text contains numerous clear and complete explanations and examples. Using problem-solving throughout, this book offers comprehensive coverage of introductory C++ programming topics and then moves the students confidentally into more advanced concepts. Written for the modern programmer, this innovative text focuses on the nature and obvious advantages of C++ as a language. Featuring problem solving throughout the text, examples are relevant to C++ and match and highlight the specific qualities of C++ rather than basic, generic programming examples. This book will provide excellent, comprehensive instruction and theory regarding this language.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxxi
An Overview of Computers and Programming Languages	1	(22)
Introduction	2	(1)
A Brief Overview of the History of Computers	2	(1)
Elements of a Computer System	3	(3)
Hardware	3	(3)
Software	6	(1)
The Language of a Computer	6	(1)
The Evolution of Programming Languages	7	(2)
Processing a High-Level Language Program	9	(1)
Programming with the Problem Analysis--Coding--Execution Cycle	10	(6)
Programming Methodologies	16	(2)
Structured Programming	16	(1)
Object-Oriented Programming	16	(2)
ANSI/ISO Standard C++	18	(1)
Quick Review	18	(2)
Exercises	20	(3)
Basic Elements of C++	23	(72)
The Basics of a C++ Program	24	(4)
Data Types	28	(6)
Simple Data Types	28	(3)
Floating-Point Data Types	31	(2)
string Type	33	(1)
Arithmetic Operators and Operator Precedence	34	(4)
Order of Precedence	37	(1)
Expressions	38	(4)
Mixed Expressions	39	(1)
Type Conversion (Casting)	40	(2)
Input	42	(13)
Allocating Memory with Constants and Variables	42	(2)
Putting Data into Variables	44	(11)
Increment and Decrement Operators	55	(2)
Output	57	(7)
Preprocessor Directives	64	(2)
Using cin and cout in a Program and namespace	65	(1)
Using the string Data Type in a Program	66	(1)
Creating a C++ Program	66	(4)
Program Style and Form	70	(4)
Syntax	71	(1)
Use of Blanks	71	(1)
Use of Semicolons, Brackets, and Commas	71	(1)
Semantics	71	(1)
Form and Style	72	(1)
Documentation	73	(1)
More on Assignment Statements	74	(2)
Programming Example: Convert Length	76	(3)
Programming Example: Make Change	79	(3)
Quick Review	82	(2)
Exercises	84	(8)
Programming Exercises	92	(3)
Input/Output	95	(50)
I/O Streams and Standard I/O Devices	96	(6)
cin and the Extraction Operator >>	97	(5)
Using Predefined Functions in a Program	102	(7)
cin and the get Function	103	(1)
cin and the ignore Function	104	(2)
putback and peek Functions	106	(2)
Dot Notation Between I/O Stream Variables and I/O Functions: A Precaution	108	(1)
Input Failure	109	(4)
clear Function	111	(2)
Output and Formatting Output	113	(7)
setprecision Manipulator	113	(1)
fixed Manipulator	114	(1)
showpoint Manipulator	114	(3)
setw	117	(2)
flush Manipulator	119	(1)
Additional Output Formatting Tools	120	(4)
setfill Manipulator	120	(2)
left and right Manipulators	122	(2)
Input/Output and the string Type	124	(1)
File Input/Output	125	(4)
Programming Example: Movie Ticket Sale and Donation to Charity	129	(6)
Programming Example: Student Grade	135	(3)
Quick Review	138	(1)
Exercises	139	(3)
Programming Exercises	142	(3)
Control Structures I (Selection)	145	(58)
Control Structures	146	(1)
Relational Operators	147	(5)
Relational Operators and Simple Data Types	149	(1)
Relational Operators and the string Type	150	(2)
Logical (Boolean) Operators and Logical Expressions	152	(9)
Order of Precedence	154	(4)
Short-Circuit Evaluation	158	(1)
int Data Type and Logical (Boolean) Expressions	159	(1)
bool Data Type and Logical (Boolean) Expressions	160	(1)
Selection: if and if...else	161	(19)
One-Way Selection	161	(3)
Two-Way Selection	164	(4)
Compound (Block of) Statements	168	(1)
Multiple Selections: Nested if	168	(4)
Comparing if...else Statements with a Series of if Statements	172	(1)
Using Pseudocode to Develop, Test, and Debug a Program	172	(3)
Input Failure and the if Statement	175	(3)
Confusion Between the Equality Operator (==) and the Assignment Operator (=)	178	(1)
Conditional Operator (?:)	179	(1)
switch Structures	180	(6)
Terminating a Program with the assert Function	186	(3)
Programming Example: Cable Company Billing	189	(5)
Quick Review	194	(1)
Exercises	195	(5)
Programming Exercises	200	(3)
Control Structures II (Repetition)	203	(66)
Why Is Repetition Needed?	204	(1)
while Looping (Repetition) Structure	205	(13)
Case 1: Counter-Controlled while Loops	208	(2)
Case 2: Sentinel-Controlled while Loops	210	(5)
Case 3: Flag-Controlled while Loops	215	(1)
Case 4: EOF-Controlled while Loops	216	(1)
eof Function	217	(1)
Programming Example: Checking Account Balance	218	(9)
Programming Example: Fibonacci Number	227	(4)
for Looping (Repetition) Structure	231	(6)
Programming Example: Classify Numbers	237	(4)
do . . . while Looping (Repetition) Structure	241	(3)
Break and Continue Statements	244	(2)
Nested Control Structures	246	(9)
Quick Review	255	(1)
Exercises	256	(10)
Programming Exercises	266	(3)
User-Defined Functions I	269	(36)
Predefined Functions	270	(3)
User-Defined Functions	273	(1)
Value-Returning Functions	273	(14)
return Statement	277	(3)
Function Prototype	280	(6)
Flow of Execution	286	(1)
Programming Example: Largest Number	287	(2)
Programming Example: Cable Company	289	(5)
Quick Review	294	(2)
Exercises	296	(4)
Programming Exercises	300	(5)
User-Defined Functions II	305	(68)
Void Functions	306	(7)
Void Functions Without Parameters	306	(3)
Void Functions with Parameters	309	(4)
Value Parameters	313	(2)
Reference Variables as Parameters	315	(5)
Value and Reference Parameters and Memory Allocation	320	(14)
Reference Parameters and Value-Returning Functions	334	(1)
Scope of an Identifier	334	(4)
Side Effects of Global Variables	338	(1)
Static and Automatic Variables	338	(2)
Function Overloading: An Introduction	340	(1)
Functions with Default Parameters	341	(3)
Programming Example: Classify Numbers	344	(5)
Programming Example: Data Comparison	349	(11)
Quick Review	360	(2)
Exercises	362	(6)
Programming Exercises	368	(5)
User-Defined Simple Data Types, Namespaces, and the string Type	373	(50)
Enumeration Type	374	(9)
Declaring Variables	376	(1)
Assignment	376	(1)
Operations on Enumeration Types	377	(1)
Enumeration Types and Loops	378	(1)
Input/Output of Enumeration Types	378	(2)
Functions and Enumeration Types	380	(1)
Declaring Variables When Defining the Enumeration Type	381	(1)
Anonymous Data Types	381	(1)
typedef Statement	382	(1)
Programming Example: The Game of Rock, Paper, and Scissors	383	(11)
Namespaces	394	(5)
string Type	399	(11)
Additional string Operations	402	(8)
Programming Example: Pig Latin Strings	410	(6)
Quick Review	416	(2)
Exercises	418	(3)
Programming Exercises	421	(2)
Arrays and Strings	423	(74)
Arrays	425	(17)
Accessing Array Components	426	(3)
Processing One-Dimensional Arrays	429	(4)
Array Index Out of Bounds	433	(1)
Array Initialization During Declaration	434	(1)
Some Restrictions on Array Processing	435	(1)
Arrays as Parameters to Functions	435	(6)
Integral Data Type and Array Indices	441	(1)
c-strings (Character Arrays)	442	(7)
String Comparison	444	(2)
Reading and Writing Strings	446	(1)
String Input	446	(1)
String Output	447	(1)
Specifying Input/Output Files at Execution Time	448	(1)
Parallel Arrays	449	(1)
Two- and Multidimensional Arrays	450	(18)
Accessing Array Components	452	(1)
Two-Dimensional Array Initialization During Declaration	453	(1)
Two-Dimensional Arrays and Enumeration Types	454	(2)
Processing Two-Dimensional Arrays	456	(6)
Passing Two-Dimensional Arrays as Parameters to Functions	462	(3)
Arrays of Strings	465	(2)
Another Way to Declare a Two-Dimensional Array	467	(1)
Multidimensional Arrays	468	(2)
Programming Example: Code Detection	470	(7)
Programming Example: Text Processing	477	(6)
Quick Review	483	(2)
Exercises	485	(5)
Programming Exercises	490	(7)
Records (structs)	497	(42)
Records (structs)	498	(17)
Accessing struct Members	500	(2)
Assignment	502	(2)
Comparison (Relational Operators)	504	(1)
Input/Output	504	(1)
struct Variables and Functions	505	(1)
Arrays versus structs	506	(1)
Arrays in structs	506	(3)
structs in Arrays	509	(2)
structs within a struct	511	(4)
Programming Example: Sales Data Analysis	515	(17)
Quick Review	532	(1)
Exercises	533	(2)
Programming Exercises	535	(4)
Classes and Data Abstraction	539	(78)
Classes	540	(33)
Unified Modeling Language Diagrams	543	(3)
Built-In Operations on Classes	546	(1)
Class Scope	547	(1)
Functions and Classes	548	(1)
Implementation of Member Functions	549	(5)
Accessor and Mutator Functions	554	(7)
Order of public and private Members of a Class	561	(1)
Constructors	562	(2)
Invoking a Constructor	564	(6)
Classes and Constructors: A Precaution	570	(1)
Arrays of Class Objects (Variables) and Constructors	571	(2)
Destructors	573	(1)
Data Abstraction, Classes, and Abstract Data Types	574	(2)
A struct versus a class	576	(1)
Information Hiding	577	(4)
Executable Code	581	(4)
Static Members of a Class	585	(6)
Programming Example: Candy Machine	591	(15)
Quick Review	606	(2)
Exercises	608	(5)
Programming Exercises	613	(4)
Inheritance and Composition	617	(68)
Inheritance	618	(26)
Redefining (Overriding) Member Functions of the Base Class	621	(7)
Constructors of Derived and Base Classes	628	(8)
Header File of a Derived Class	636	(1)
Multiple Inclusions of a Header File	637	(1)
C++ Stream Classes	638	(1)
Protected Members of a Class	639	(1)
Inheritance as public, protected, or private	640	(4)
Composition	644	(5)
Object-Oriented Design (OOD) and Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)	649	(3)
Identifying Classes, Objects, and Operations	651	(1)
Programming Example: Grade Report	652	(22)
Quick Review	674	(1)
Exercises	675	(6)
Programming Exercises	681	(4)
Pointers, Classes, Lists, and Virtual Functions	685	(74)
Pointer Data Type and Pointer Variables	686	(2)
Declaring Pointer Variables	686	(2)
Address of Operator (&)	688	(1)
Dereferencing Operator (*)	688	(9)
Classes, Structs, and Pointer Variables	697	(3)
Initializing Pointer Variables	700	(1)
Dynamic Variables	700	(4)
Operator new	701	(1)
Operator delete	702	(2)
Operations on Pointer Variables	704	(2)
Dynamic Arrays	706	(4)
Functions and Pointers	709	(1)
Shallow versus Deep Copy and Pointers	710	(3)
Classes and Pointers: Some Peculiarities	713	(12)
Destructor	714	(1)
Assignment Operator	715	(2)
Copy Constructor	717	(8)
Array-Based Lists	725	(14)
Copy Constructor	734	(1)
Search	734	(2)
Insert	736	(1)
Remove	736	(3)
Inheritance, Pointers, and Virtual Functions	739	(7)
Classes and Virtual Destructors	745	(1)
Address of Operator and Classes	746	(3)
Quick Review	749	(2)
Exercises	751	(7)
Programming Exercises	758	(1)
Overloading and Templates	759	(92)
Why Operator Overloading Is Needed	760	(1)
Operator Overloading	761	(41)
Syntax for Operator Functions	761	(1)
Overloading an Operator: Some Restrictions	762	(1)
Pointer this	762	(6)
Friend Functions of Classes	768	(3)
Operator Functions as Member Functions and Nonmember Functions	771	(3)
Overloading Binary Operators	774	(6)
Overloading the Stream Insertion (<<) and Extraction (>>) Operators	780	(5)
Overloading the Assignment Operator (=)	785	(8)
Overloading Unary Operators	793	(1)
Overloading the Increment (++) and Decrement (--) Operators	794	(7)
Operator Overloading: Member Versus Nonmember	801	(1)
Classes and Pointer Data Members (Revisited)	801	(1)
Operator Overloading: One Final Word	801	(1)
Programming Example: clockType	802	(7)
Programming Example: Complex Numbers	809	(6)
Overloading the Array Index (Subscript) Operator ([ ])	815	(1)
Programming Example: newString	816	(7)
Function Overloading	823	(1)
Templates	823	(13)
Function Templates	824	(2)
Class Templates	826	(3)
Array-Based Lists (Revisited)	829	(7)
Quick Review	836	(3)
Exercises	839	(5)
Programming Exercises	844	(7)
Exception Handling	851	(40)
Handling Exceptions within a Program	852	(16)
C++ Mechanisms of Exception Handling	856	(1)
try/catch Block	856	(8)
Using C++ Exception Classes	864	(4)
Creating Your Own Exception Classes	868	(10)
Rethrowing and Throwing an Exception	874	(4)
Exception Handling Techniques	878	(2)
Terminate the Program	878	(1)
Fix the Error and Continue	879	(1)
Log the Error and Continue	880	(1)
Stack Unwinding	880	(4)
Quick Review	884	(2)
Exercises	886	(3)
Programming Exercises	889	(2)
Recursion	891	(34)
Recursive Definitions	892	(4)
Direct and Indirect Recursion	895	(1)
Infinite Recursion	895	(1)
Problem Solving Using Recursion	896	(12)
Tower of Hanoi: Analysis	907	(1)
Recursion or Iteration?	908	(1)
Programming Example: Converting a Number from Binary to Decimal	909	(4)
Programming Example: Converting a Number from Decimal to Binary	913	(3)
Quick Review	916	(1)
Exercises	917	(3)
Programming Exercises	920	(5)
Linked Lists	925	(92)
Linked Lists	926	(16)
Linked Lists: Some Properties	928	(3)
Item Insertion and Deletion	931	(6)
Building a Linked List	937	(5)
Linked List as an ADT	942	(17)
Length of a List	948	(1)
Retrieve the Data of the First Node	948	(1)
Retrieve the Data of the Last Node	948	(1)
Search the List	948	(2)
Insert the First Node	950	(1)
Insert the Last Node	950	(6)
Copy the List	956	(2)
Destructor	958	(1)
Copy Constructor	958	(1)
Overloading the Assignment Operator	958	(1)
Ordered Linked Lists	959	(15)
Doubly Linked Lists	974	(12)
Default Constructor	977	(1)
isEmptyList	977	(1)
Destroy the List	978	(1)
Initialize the List	978	(1)
Length of the List	978	(1)
Print the List	978	(1)
Reverse Print the List	979	(1)
Search the List	979	(1)
First and Last Elements	980	(6)
Programming Example: Video Store	986	(22)
Quick Review	1008	(1)
Exercises	1008	(4)
Programming Exercises	1012	(5)
Stacks and Queues	1017	(116)
Stacks	1018	(5)
Stack Operations	1022	(1)
Implementation of Stacks as Arrays	1023	(18)
Copy Stack	1034	(1)
Constructor and Destructor	1034	(1)
Copy Constructor	1035	(1)
Overloading the Assignment Operator (=)	1035	(1)
Stack Header File	1035	(6)
Programming Example: Highest GPA	1041	(4)
Linked Implementation of Stacks	1045	(17)
Return the Top Element	1054	(2)
Copy Stack	1056	(4)
Stack as Derived from the class linkedListType	1060	(2)
Application of Stacks: Postfix Expressions Calculator	1062	(11)
Removing Recursion: Nonrecursive Algorithm to Print a Linked List Backward	1073	(7)
Queues	1080	(21)
Queue Operations	1081	(1)
Implementation of Queues as Arrays	1082	(11)
Linked Implementation of Queues	1093	(5)
Queue Derived from the class linkedListType	1098	(3)
Application of Queues: Simulation	1101	(23)
Designing a Queuing System	1102	(2)
Customer	1104	(2)
Server	1106	(4)
Server List	1110	(4)
Waiting Customers Queue	1114	(2)
Main Program	1116	(8)
Quick Review	1124	(1)
Exercises	1124	(5)
Programming Exercises	1129	(4)
Searching and Sorting Algorithms	1133	(92)
Search Algorithms	1134	(14)
Sequential Search	1137	(2)
Ordered Lists	1139	(1)
Binary Search	1140	(6)
Insertion into an Ordered List	1146	(2)
Asymptotic Notations	1148	(3)
Lower Bound on Comparison-Based Search Algorithms	1151	(1)
Sorting Algorithms	1151	(10)
Bubble Sort	1152	(3)
Selection Sort: Array-Based Lists	1155	(5)
Analysis: Selection Sort	1160	(1)
Insertion Sort: Array-Based Lists	1161	(6)
Insertion Sort: Linked List-Based Lists	1167	(7)
Analysis: Insertion Sort	1172	(1)
Lower Bound on Comparison-Based Sort Algorithms	1173	(1)
Quick Sort: Array-Based Lists	1174	(10)
Analysis: Quick Sort	1183	(1)
Merge Sort: Linked List-Based Lists	1184	(10)
Divide	1186	(2)
Merge	1188	(5)
Analysis: Merge Sort	1193	(1)
Programming Example: Election Results	1194	(24)
Quick Review	1218	(1)
Exercises	1219	(2)
Programming Exercises	1221	(4)
Binary Trees	1225	(64)
Binary Trees	1226	(21)
Copy Tree	1233	(1)
Binary Tree Traversal	1234	(5)
Implementing Binary Trees	1239	(8)
Binary Search Trees	1247	(16)
Binary Search Tree: Analysis	1262	(1)
Nonrecursive Binary Tree Traversal Algorithms	1263	(4)
Nonrecursive Inorder Traversal	1263	(2)
Nonrecursive Preorder Traversal	1265	(1)
Nonrecursive Postorder Traversal	1266	(1)
Binary Tree Traversal and Functions as Parameters	1267	(4)
Programming Example: Video Store (Revisited)	1271	(12)
Quick Review	1283	(1)
Exercises	1284	(3)
Programming Exercises	1287	(2)
Graphs	1289	(42)
Introduction	1290	(4)
Graph Definitions and Notations	1291	(3)
Graph Representation	1294	(3)
Adjacency Matrix	1294	(1)
Adjacency Lists	1295	(2)
Operations on Graphs	1297	(2)
Graphs as ADTs	1299	(3)
Graph Traversals	1302	(6)
Depth First Traversal	1303	(2)
Breadth First Traversal	1305	(3)
Shortest Path Algorithm	1308	(7)
Shortest Path	1309	(6)
Minimal Spanning Tree	1315	(9)
Quick Review	1324	(2)
Exercises	1326	(2)
Programming Exercises	1328	(3)
Standard Template Library (STL)	1331	(112)
Components of the STL	1332	(25)
Container Types	1333	(1)
Sequence Containers	1333	(1)
Sequence Container: vector	1333	(8)
Member Functions Common to all Containers	1341	(2)
Member Functions Common to Sequence Containers	1343	(1)
The copy Algorithm	1343	(4)
Sequence Container: deque	1347	(4)
Sequence Container: list	1351	(6)
Iterators	1357	(6)
Types of Iterators	1357	(5)
Stream Iterators	1362	(1)
Associative Containers	1363	(6)
Associative Containers: set and multiset	1364	(1)
Declaring set or multiset Associative Containers	1364	(2)
Item Insertion and Deletion from set/multiset	1366	(3)
Container Adapters	1369	(4)
Stack	1369	(2)
Queue	1371	(2)
Containers, Associated Header Files, and Iterator Support	1373	(1)
Algorithms	1374	(62)
STL Algorithm Classification	1374	(3)
Function Objects	1377	(6)
Insert Iterator	1383	(2)
STL Algorithms	1385	(1)
The Functions fill and fill_n	1385	(1)
The Functions generate and generate_n	1386	(2)
The Functions find, find_if, find_end, and find_first_of	1388	(6)
The Functions remove, remove_if, remove_copy, and remove_copy_if	1394	(3)
The Functions replace, replace_if, replace_copy, and replace_copy_if	1397	(4)
The Functions swap, iter_swap, and swap_ranges	1401	(3)
The Functions search, search_n, sort, and binary_search	1404	(4)
The Functions adjacent_find, merge, and inplace_merge	1408	(4)
The Functions reverse, reverse_copy, rotate, and rotate_copy	1412	(4)
The Functions count, count_if, max_element, min_element, and random_shuffle	1416	(4)
The Functions for_each and transform	1420	(2)
The Functions includes, set_intersection, set_union, set_difference, and set_symmetric_difference	1422	(9)
The Functions accumulate, adjacent_difference, inner_product, and partial_sum	1431	(5)
Quick Review	1436	(4)
Exercises	1440	(2)
Programming Exercises	1442	(1)
Appendix A Reserved Words	1443	(2)
Appendix B Operator Precedence	1445