Calorimetry Fundamentals, Instrumentation and Applications

by Sarge, Stefan Mathias; Höhne, Günther W. H.; Hemminger, Wolfgang

• ISBN13: 9783527327614
• ISBN10: 3527327614
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2014-05-19
• Publisher: Wiley-VCH

Summary

Clearly divided into three parts, this practical book begins by dealing with all fundamental aspects of calorimetry. The second part looks at the equipment used and new developments. The third and final section provides measurement guidelines in order to obtain the best results.
The result is optimized knowledge for users of this technique, supplemented with practical tips and tricks.

Author Biography

Stefan Sarge is working for the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Braunschweig, which is the national institute for natural and engineering sciences and the highest technical authority for metrology and physical safety engineering in Germany. He is e.g. head of the working group caloric quantities. 1990 and 2004 he received the Netzsch-GEFTA awards.
G?nther H?hne, born 1937 in Berlin (Germany) studied chemistry, physics and mathematics at the Technical Universit?t Berlin. In 1997 he was appointed Privatdozent after his habilitation in experimental physics. 1970 - 1999 he was head of the section for calorimetry of the University of Ulm, including academic teaching in physics. Since 1999 he is visiting professor at the Eindhoven University of Technology. In 2002 he received the science award of German Society of Thermal Analysis (GEFTA). He published 115 articles and 2 monographs on calorimetry and DSC.
Wolfgang Hemminger was working at the University of Braunschweig as well as for the PTB, the national institute for natural and engineering sciences and the highest technical authority for metrology and physical safety engineering in Germany. He is author of numerous journals and book publications. In 2006 he received the science award of the GEFTA and 1981 the Netzsch-GEFTA award.

Table of Contents

PART 1: CALORIMETRY -
Definition, Examples, Units
1 Methods of Calorimetry
Compensation of the Thermal Effect
Compensation by a Phase Transition
Compensation by Electric Effects
Compensation by Chemical Heat of Reaction
Measurement of Temperature Differences
Measurement of Time-dependent Temperature Differences
Measurement of Local Temperature Differences
Summary of Measuring principles
Classification of Calorimeters
Different Approaches as Drawn from Literature
2 Fundamentals of Calorimetric Measurements
Auxiliary Measuring Instruments
Measurement of Material Quantities
Measurement of Electric Quantities
Measurement of Temperatures
Measurement of Mass
Measurement of Time
Concept of Traceability
Fundamental Basic Measurements
Calibration
The Role of (Certified) Reference Materials
Uncertainty of Measurement
Approach of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
Application to Simple Problems
Uncertainty of an Experiment by Bomb Combustion Calorimetry
3 Fundamentals of Thermodynamics
States and Processes
Thermodynamic Variables (Functions of State)
Forms of Energy, Fundamental Form, Thermodynamic Potential Function
Equilibrium
Reversible and Irreversible Process
The Laws of Thermodynamic
Measurement of Thermodynamic State Functions
Phases and Phase Transitions
Multiphase Systems
Phase Transitions
Gibbs Phase Rule
Measurement of Variables of State in Phase Transitions
Calorimetry as the Art of Applied Thermodynamics
4 Heat Transport Phenomena
Heat Conduction
Free Convection
Forced Convection
Heat Radiation
Heat Transfer
5 Surroundings and Modes of Operation
Isothermal Operation
Isoperibol Operation
Adiabatic Operation
Scanning Operation
Combinations Found in Reality
6 The Measured Curve and its Evaluation
Consequences of Temperature Relaxation within the Sample
Measured Curves of Different Types of Calorimeters
Adiabatic Calorimeter
Isoperibol Calorimeter
Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC)
Reconstruction of the True Heat Exchange Function from the Measured Curve
Special Evaluations
Determination of Specific Heat Capacity
Determination of the Kinetic Parameters of a Chemical Reaction
Determination of Phase Transition Temperatures
Determination of Heats of Transitions
Determination of Purity
PART 2: CALORIMETERS
7 Calorimeters with Compensation of the Thermal Effect
Phase Transition Calorimeters
Ice Calorimeter
Calorimeters with Liquid-Gas Transition
Calorimeters with Thermoelectric Compensation
General Considerations
Isothermal Calorimeters
Isoperibol Calorimeters
Scanning Calorimeters
Calorimeters with a Contactless Energy Supply
8 Calorimeters Involving the Measurement of a Temperature Difference
Measurement of a Time-dependent Temperature Difference
General Considerations
Calorimeters with Liquid Calorimeter Substance
Calorimeters with Solid Calorimeter Substance (Aneroid Calorimeters)
Calorimeters for the Measurement of Specific Heat Capacities
Measurement of a Local Temperature Difference
Heat Flux Calorimeters
Flow Calorimeters
9 Commercial Calorimeters
Types of Commercial Calorimeters (non exhaustive but representative)
Advantages/Disadvantages
Uncertainty Claims of the Manufacturers
Calorimetry as a Commercially Available Service
10 New developments
Nanocalorimetry (Chip calorimeters)
Extreme Ranges of State (temperature, pressure, radiation,...)
Calorimeters for Biological Applications
Calorimeters for Space Research

PART 3: GUIDELINES FOR CALORIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS
Definition of the Problem to be Investigated
Selection of the Proper Calorimeter
Calibration of the Calorimeter
Performing the Measurement
Preparation of the Sample
The Calorimetric Experiment
Evaluation of the Results
Interpretation of the Result
Uncertainty Estimation
Detailed Example
11 Glossary