Cengage Advantage Books: Essentials of Public Speaking (with SpeechBuilder Expressâ„¢ and InfoTrac)

by Hamilton,Cheryl

• ISBN13: 9780534647803
• ISBN10: 0534647804
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-04-11
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

One: FOUNDATIONS. Getting Started: Your First Speech. 1. Public Speaking, Ethics, and You. 2. Building Speaker Confidence. 3. Listening: What Speakers Should Know. Two: PREPARING YOUR SPEECH. 4. Analyzing Your Audience. 5. Selecting and Researching Your Topic. 6. Supporting Your Ideas. 7. Organizing Your Speech: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion. 8. Outlines, Storyboards, and Speaking Notes. Three: PRESENTING YOUR SPEECH. 9. Preparing Effective Visual Aids. 10. Delivering Your Message. 11. Perfecting Language Style. Four: TYPES OF SPEECHES. 12. Informative Speaking. 13. Persuasive Speaking. 14. Methods Of Persuasion.

Table of Contents

Complete Speeches	xix
Preface	xxi
Quick Start Guide to Public Speaking	xxxi
ONE FOUNDATIONS	1	(64)
Unit One Quiz: Myths About Public Speaking	1	(1)
Public Speaking, Ethics, and You	2	(21)
Public Speaking: What Roles Can It Play in Your Life?	2	(3)
Enhancing Your Personal Development	3	(1)
Influencing Your World	3	(1)
Advancing Your Career	4	(1)
The Right Speech for the Occasion	5	(1)
Informative Versus Persuasive Speeches	6	(1)
Special Occasion Speeches	6	(1)
The Communication Process and the Public Speaker	6	(6)
Speakers/Listeners	7	(1)
Stimulus and Motivation	7	(1)
Message Encoding and Decoding	8	(1)
Verbal, Visual, and Vocal Codes	9	(1)
Feedback	10	(1)
Environment	11	(1)
Noise	11	(1)
Ethics: The Public Speaker's Obligation	12	(11)
Examples of Unethical Behavior	13	(1)
The Costs of Unethical Behavior	14	(1)
Exaggeration, Distortion, and Plagiarism	14	(1)
Technology Tip for Speakers: Set Your PowerPoint Presentation to Open Automatically in PowerPoint Show	15	(1)
Classroom Ethics	16	(1)
Sample Student Speech: ``Closet Artifacts'' by Monica E. Wolfe	17	(1)
Summary	18	(1)
Essentials of Public Speaking Online	19	(1)
Key Terms	19	(1)
Suggestions for Practice and Critical Thinking	19	(2)
Unit One Quiz Answers	21	(2)
Building Speaker Confidence	23	(20)
Understanding Anxiety	24	(2)
Situational Anxiety	24	(1)
Trait Anxiety	25	(1)
Managing Situational Anxiety	26	(4)
Prepare and Practice	26	(1)
Warm Up First	26	(1)
Use Deep Breathing	26	(1)
Plan an Introduction to Relax You and Your Listeners	27	(1)
Concentrate on Meaning	27	(1)
Technology Tip for Speakers: Boost Your Confidence---Use Electronic Visual Aids	28	(2)
Use Visual Aids	30	(1)
Use Positive Imagery	30	(1)
Managing Trait Anxiety: Positive Imagery	30	(8)
Why Positive Imagery Works	31	(1)
Mastering Positive Imagery	32	(4)
Exercises in Positive Imagery	36	(2)
Other Methods for Managing Trait Anxiety	38	(5)
Systematic Desensitization	38	(1)
Cognitive Restructuring	39	(1)
Rhetoritherapy	39	(1)
Summary	40	(1)
Essentials of Public Speaking Online	40	(1)
Key Terms	41	(1)
Suggestions for Practice and Critical Thinking	41	(2)
Listening: What Speakers Should Know	43	(22)
Stages of Listening	44	(4)
The Sensing Stage	44	(1)
The Interpreting Stage	44	(2)
The Evaluating Stage	46	(1)
The Responding Stage	47	(1)
The Remembering Stage	47	(1)
In Sensing Stage---Stimulate and Motivate Your Audience	48	(2)
Provide External Stimuli	48	(1)
Motivate the Audience to Listen	49	(1)
In Interpreting Stage---Circumvent the 100 Percent Listening Myth	50	(1)
To Maximize Listeners' Understanding	50	(1)
In Evaluating Stage---Counteract Listeners' Resistance to Persuasion	51	(2)
Strengthen Your Personal Credibility	51	(1)
Highlight the Credibility of Your Sources	52	(1)
Keep Listeners From Evading Your Message	52	(1)
Keep the Listeners' Attention on the Speech	53	(1)
In Responding Stage---Read Listeners' Nonverbal Cues	53	(3)
Put Nonverbal Cues in Context	53	(1)
Technology Tip for Speakers: Adapt Internet Presentations to Receiver Frames of Reference	54	(1)
Don't Generalize From Single Nonverbal Behaviors	55	(1)
Look for Telltale Signs of Nonlistening (or Listening)	55	(1)
In Remembering Stage---Make Your Message Easier to Remember	56	(9)
Personalize Your Speeches With Narratives	57	(1)
Increase Your Speaking Rate	58	(1)
Don't State Key Ideas in the First or Second Sentence	58	(1)
Use Visuals to Enhance Listening and Remembering	58	(1)
Summary	59	(1)
Essentials of Public Speaking Online	60	(1)
Key Terms	60	(1)
Suggestions for Practice and Critical Thinking	60	(5)
TWO PREPARING YOUR SPEECH	65	(118)
Unit Two Quiz: Speech Preparation	65	(1)
Analyzing Your Audience	66	(26)
Analyzing Your Audience: Situational Information	67	(2)
Analyzing Your Audience: Demographic Information	69	(5)
Identifying Specific Demographic Characteristics	69	(3)
Technology Tip for Speakers: Search for Cultural Demographic Information	72	(1)
Choosing Which Demographic Characteristics to Use	73	(1)
Analyzing Your Audience: Psychological information	74	(4)
Attitudes	74	(1)
Beliefs	75	(1)
Values	75	(1)
Needs	76	(2)
Hazards of Incomplete Psychological Analysis	78	(1)
Analyzing Audience Receptivity	78	(6)
Sample Student Speech: ``Our State of Health'' by Lucy Tisdale Setliff	80	(4)
Collecting Audience Information Before and After	84	(3)
Before the Speech	84	(1)
After the Speech	85	(2)
Using Audience Analysis	87	(5)
Summary	88	(1)
Essentials of Public Speaking Online	88	(1)
Key Terms	89	(1)
Suggestions for Practice and Critical Thinking	89	(1)
Unit Two Quiz Answers	90	(2)
Selecting and Researching Your Topic	92	(20)
Selecting Your Topic, Purpose, and Main Points	93	(5)
Determine Your Topic	93	(2)
Define Your Exact Purpose	95	(2)
Determine Your Main Points	97	(1)
Prepare a Rough-Draft Outline	97	(1)
Researching Your Topic	98	(14)
Avoid Research Mistakes	99	(1)
Begin With Printed Materials	99	(1)
Use Electronic Databases When Possible	100	(1)
Use the Internet With Care	101	(3)
Technology Tip for Speakers: Select the Proper Search Engine	104	(2)
Conduct Personal Interviews	106	(2)
Record Your Research Information	108	(1)
Supporting Materials to Look for as You Research	109	(1)
Summary	109	(1)
Essentials of Public Speaking Online	110	(1)
Key Terms	110	(1)
Suggestions for Practice and Critical Thinking	110	(2)
Supporting Your Ideas	112	(19)
Overused Supports---Use Them With Care!	113	(3)
Explanations	113	(1)
Statistics	113	(3)
Underused Supports---Use Them More Often	116	(12)
Instances	116	(5)
Comparisons: Literal and Figurative	121	(1)
Technology Tip for Speakers: Cite Electronic Sources Correctly	122	(1)
Expert Opinions	123	(2)
Fables, Sayings, Poems, and Rhymes	125	(1)
Demonstrations	126	(2)
Supporting Materials: Clarification or Proof	128	(3)
Summary	128	(1)
Essentials of Public Speaking Online	128	(1)
Key Terms	129	(1)
Suggestions for Practice and Critical Thinking	129	(2)
Organizing Your Speech: Introduction, Body and Conclusion	131	(30)
Organizing the Body of Your Speech	132	(11)
Select an Informative Pattern of Organization	132	(3)
Select a Persuasive Pattern of Organization	135	(4)
Highlight Your Main Points	139	(1)
Make Your Main Points Memorable	140	(2)
Quiz: Testing Your Knowledge of Memorable Main Points	142	(1)
Organizing the Introduction of Your Speech	143	(9)
Goal 1: Begin With an Attention-Getter	144	(4)
Goal 2: Motivate Your Audience to Listen	148	(1)
Goal 3: Establish Credibility and Rapport	149	(1)
Goal 4: Present Your Thesis Statement	149	(1)
Optional Introduction Information	150	(2)
Organizing the Conclusion of Your Speech	152	(9)
Summarize Main Ideas	152	(1)
Refocus Audience Attention	153	(3)
Using Q & A	156	(1)
Technology Tip for Speakers: Critique Your Speech Online	157	(1)
Summary	158	(1)
Essentials of Public Speaking Online	159	(1)
Key Terms	159	(1)
Suggestions for Practice and Critical Thinking	159	(2)
Outlines, Storyboards, and Speaking Notes	161	(22)
Outlining	162	(5)
Advantages of Outlining	162	(1)
Tips for Creating Outlines	163	(2)
Rough-Draft Outlines	165	(1)
Preparation Outlines	165	(2)
Storyboarding	167	(5)
Advantages of Storyboards	167	(4)
Guidelines for Storyboards	171	(1)
Speaking Notes	172	(11)
Technology Tip for Speakers: Don't Fall Into the Plagiarism Trap: Write Your Own Speeches	174	(3)
Sample Student Speech: ``The Electoral College'' by Robert McDermott	177	(3)
Summary	180	(1)
Essentials of Public Speaking Online	181	(1)
Key Terms	181	(1)
Suggestions for Practice and Critical Thinking	181	(2)
THREE PRESENTING YOUR SPEECH	183	(68)
Unit Three Quiz: Verbal, Visual, and Vocal Delivery	183	(1)
Preparing Effective Visual Aids	184	(25)
Benefits of Using Visual Aids	185	(3)
Visual Aids Speed Comprehension and Add Interest	185	(1)
Visual Aids Improve Audience Memory	186	(2)
Visual Aids Decrease Presentation Time	188	(1)
Visual Aids Add to Speaker Credibility	188	(1)
Types of Visual Aids	188	(5)
Electronic/Multimedia Presentations	188	(1)
Overhead Transparencies	189	(1)
Technology Tip for Speakers: Customize Your Presentation Visuals	190	(1)
35-Millimeter Slides	190	(1)
Flipcharts and Posters	191	(1)
Markerboards and Chalkboards	192	(1)
Objects, Models, and Handouts	193	(1)
Audiovisual Aids	193	(1)
Selecting Your Visual Aids	193	(1)
Text or Graphic Visuals?	193	(1)
How Many Visuals?	194	(1)
Designing Your Visual Aids	194	(15)
Use the Correct Type Size	194	(1)
Use the Correct Typeface	195	(2)
General Design Principles	197	(1)
Design Principles for Text Visuals	198	(2)
Design Principles for Graphic Visuals	200	(2)
Using Color Effectively	202	(3)
Summary	205	(1)
Essentials of Public Speaking Online	205	(1)
Key Terms	205	(1)
Suggestions for Practice and Critical Thinking	205	(2)
Unit Three Quiz Answers	207	(2)
Delivering Your Message	209	(22)
Visual Delivery	210	(7)
Appearance	210	(1)
Facial Expressions and Eye Contact	211	(1)
Posture, Movement, and Gestures	211	(2)
Handling Visual Aids	213	(4)
Vocal Delivery	217	(3)
Volume and Pitch	218	(1)
Emphasis, Rate, and Pauses	218	(1)
Articulation and Pronunciation	219	(1)
Verbal Delivery	220	(3)
Technology Tip for Speakers: Conduct a Technological Rehearsal	221	(2)
Immediacy Behaviors	223	(1)
Methods of Delivery	223	(3)
Speaking From Brief Notes (Extemporaneous Speaking)	224	(1)
Speaking From Visual Aids (Also Extemporaneous Speaking)	224	(1)
Speaking Impromptu	224	(1)
Speaking From a Manuscript	225	(1)
Speaking From Memory	226	(1)
Rehearsing Your Speech	226	(5)
Summary	228	(1)
Essentials of Public Speaking Online	228	(1)
Key Terms	229	(1)
Suggestions for Practice and Critical Thinking	229	(2)
Perfecting Language Style	231	(20)
Why Language Choices Are So Important	232	(1)
Effective Language Style	233	(3)
Simple Language	233	(1)
Specific Language	234	(1)
Vivid Language	235	(1)
Forceful Language	235	(1)
Stylistic Devices	236	(8)
Alliteration and Assonance	237	(1)
Simile and Metaphor	238	(1)
Onomatopoeia	238	(1)
Repetition and Parallelism	239	(1)
Technology Tip for Speakers: Adapt Your Presentation to the Media Interview	240	(2)
Antithesis	242	(1)
Hyperbole	242	(1)
Personification	242	(1)
Quiz: Testing Your Knowledge of Stylistic Devices	243	(1)
Biased Language	244	(7)
Gender Bias	244	(1)
Culture Bias	244	(1)
Sample Student Speech: ``No More Sugar!'' by Hans Erian	245	(3)
Summary	248	(1)
Essentials of Public Speaking Online	248	(1)
Key Terms	248	(1)
Suggestions for Practice and Critical Thinking	248	(3)
FOUR TYPES OF SPEECHES	251	(82)
Unit Four Quiz: Types of Speeches	251	(1)
Informative Speaking	252	(22)
Types of Informative Speeches	252	(2)
Demonstration Speeches	252	(2)
Informational Speeches	254	(1)
Tools to Aid Understanding in Informative Speeches	254	(5)
Definition	254	(1)
Description	255	(1)
Explanation	255	(1)
Narration	255	(1)
Sample Student Speech: ``They Made the Blind to See'' by Vanessa Harikul	256	(3)
Steps in Preparing an Informative Speech	259	(8)
Step 1: Analyze Your Potential Audience	259	(1)
Step 2: Determine Your Topic, Exact Purpose, and Main Points	259	(2)
Step 3: Prepare a Rough-Draft Outline of Main Points and Desired Information	261	(1)
Step 4: Research Topic for Material to Support Main Points	261	(1)
Step 5: Select a Variety of Supporting Materials	261	(1)
Step 6: Determine How Best to Organize Main Points	261	(1)
Quiz: Testing Your Knowledge of Organizational Patterns	262	(1)
Step 7: Plan Introduction and Conclusion	263	(1)
Step 8: Make Preparation Outline (or Storyboards) and Speaking Notes	263	(2)
Step 9: Prepare Visual Aids	265	(1)
Technology Tip for Speakers: Put Your Presentation on the Web	266	(1)
Step 10: Rehearse Your Speech	266	(1)
Before You Speak: Last-Minute Checks	267	(7)
Summary	270	(1)
Essentials of Public Speaking Online	270	(1)
Key Terms	270	(1)
Suggestions for Practice and Critical Thinking	270	(2)
Unit Four Quiz Answers	272	(2)
Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team	274	(33)
Persuasion Defined	274	(1)
Persuasive Versus Informative Speeches	275	(1)
Supporting Materials	275	(1)
Language and Style	276	(1)
Delivery	276	(1)
Organizational Patterns	276	(1)
Types of Persuasive Speeches	276	(6)
The Speech to Convince	276	(1)
The Speech to Actuate	277	(1)
Sample Student Speech: ``Drinking and Driving'' by Lorna McElaney	278	(4)
Steps in Preparing a Persuasive Speech	282	(16)
Step 1: Determine Your Topic, Position Statement, and Type of Speech	282	(4)
Step 2: Analyze Audience Attitudes Toward Your Position	286	(2)
Step 3: Prepare a Rough-Draft Outline of Main Points and Needed Information	288	(1)
Step 4: Research Your Topic	289	(1)
Step 5: Select the Best Supporting Materials	290	(1)
Step 6: Determine How Best to Organize Your Main Points	290	(1)
Technology Tip for Speakers: Make PowerPoint Your Ally, Not Your Enemy	291	(1)
Quiz: Testing Your Knowledge of Persuasive Patterns	292	(2)
Step 7: Plan the Introduction and Conclusion	294	(1)
Step 8: Make Preparation Outline (or Storyboards) and Speaking Notes	295	(2)
Step 9: Prepare Visual Aids	297	(1)
Step 10: Rehearse Your Speech	297	(1)
Team Presentations	298	(9)
Effective Team Presentations	299	(1)
Team Presentation Formats	300	(1)
Problem Solving for Team Presentations	301	(2)
Summary	303	(1)
Essentials of Public Speaking Online	303	(1)
Key Terms	303	(1)
Suggestions for Practice and Critical Thinking	304	(3)
Persuasive Methods and Theories	307	(26)
Using Evidence and Logic Skillfully	307	(10)
Evidence and Logic Defined	308	(1)
Evidence and Logic as Persuasive Tools	308	(2)
Methods of Presenting Evidence	310	(1)
Whether to Present One or Both Sides of Your Position	311	(1)
Technology Tip for Speakers: Understand the Power of Persuasion in Electronic Media	312	(2)
Logical Reasoning	314	(1)
Fallacious Reasoning	315	(2)
Establishing Credibility	317	(3)
Credibility as a Persuasive Tool	317	(1)
Basic Elements of Credibility	318	(1)
Unethical Use of Credibility	319	(1)
Appealing to Listeners' Psychological Needs	320	(3)
Personalizing Your Persuasive Argument	320	(1)
Using Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs	321	(1)
Fear Appeals	322	(1)
Unethical Use of Emotional Appeals	323	(1)
Using Persuasive Theory in Speaking	323	(10)
Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion	325	(1)
Social Judgment Theory	325	(1)
Sample Student Speech: ``Untreated Depression in America'' by Sean Stewart	326	(3)
Summary	329	(1)
Essentials of Public Speaking Online	330	(1)
Key Terms	330	(1)
Suggestions for Practice and Critical Thinking	330	(3)
References	333	(12)
Glossary	345	(8)
Index	353