Cengage Advantage Books: Liberty, Equality, Power A History of the American People, Volume II: Since 1863, Compact

by Murrin, John M.; Johnson, Paul E.; McPherson, James M.; Gerstle, Gary; Rosenberg, Emily S.

• ISBN13: 9780495004660
• ISBN10: 0495004669
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-04-14
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Succeed in American history with CENGAGE ADVANTAGE BOOKS: LIBERTY, EQUALITY, AND POWER, VOLUME II SINCE 1863, COMPACT! This history text shows how the pursuit of liberty and equality has shaped the nation, and how power has been used and abused in every aspect of American life between men and women, whites and blacks, and rich and poor. Features such as History through Film, chapter focus questions, chapter chronologies, charts, and tables help you master difficult concepts. The Book Companion Website contains additional study aids such as flashcards, tutorial quizzes, internet exercises, and links to the past designed to save you time and enhance your understanding of the material.

Table of Contents

Maps	xxiii
History Through Film	xxiii
To the Student: Why Study History?	xxv
Preface	xxvii
Reconstruction, 1863--1877	627	(33)
Wartime Reconstruction	627	(1)
Chronology	628	(2)
Radical Republicans and Reconstruction	629	(1)
Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction	630	(6)
Johnson's Policy	631	(1)
Southern Defiance	632	(1)
The Black Codes	633	(1)
Land and Labor in the Postwar South	633	(1)
The Freedmen's Bureau	634	(1)
Land for the Landless	634	(2)
Education	636	(1)
The Advent of Congressional Reconstruction	636	(4)
Schism between President and Congress	636	(1)
The 14th Amendment	637	(1)
The 1866 Elections	637	(1)
The Reconstruction Acts of 1867	638	(2)
The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson	640	(3)
The Completion of Formal Reconstruction	640	(1)
The 15th Amendment	641	(1)
The Election of 1868	642	(1)
The Grant Administration	643	(5)
Civil Service Reform	643	(1)
Foreign Policy Issues	644	(1)
Reconstruction in the South	645	(1)
Blacks in Office	646	(1)
``Carpetbaggers''	647	(1)
``Scalawags''	647	(1)
The Ku Klux Klan	647	(1)
History Through Film: The Birth of a Nation	648	(4)
The Election of 1872	651	(1)
The Panic of 1873	651	(1)
The Retreat from Reconstruction	652	(6)
The Mississippi Election of 1875	652	(2)
The Supreme Court and Reconstruction	654	(1)
The Election of 1876	655	(1)
Disputed Results	655	(2)
The Compromise of 1877	657	(1)
The End of Reconstruction	657	(1)
Conclusion	658	(1)
Suggested Readings	659	(1)
Frontiers of Change, Politics of Stalemate, 1865--1898	660	(24)
Chronology	661	(1)
Agencies of Westward Expansion	662	(4)
The Mining Frontier	663	(1)
The Ranching Frontier	663	(3)
The Last Indian Frontier	666	(2)
Conflict with the Sioux	667	(1)
History Through Film: Fort Apache	668	(5)
Suppression of Other Plains Indians	668	(3)
The ``Peace Policy''	671	(1)
Mexican Americans	672	(1)
The New South	673	(5)
Southern Industry	674	(1)
Southern Agriculture	675	(1)
Race Relations in the New South	676	(2)
The Politics of Stalemate	678	(4)
Knife-Edge Electoral Balance	679	(1)
Civil Service Reform	680	(1)
The Tariff Issue	681	(1)
Conclusion	682	(1)
Suggested Readings	683	(1)
Economic Change and the Crisis of the 1890s	684	(32)
Economic Growth	684	(1)
Chronology	685	(2)
Railroads	685	(2)
Technology	687	(1)
The American Middle Class	687	(10)
The Philadelphia Centennial Exposition	687	(1)
Gilded Age Cities	688	(1)
The American Museum	689	(1)
The Department Store and Mail-Order Catalogs	690	(1)
Advertising and Magazines	691	(1)
African American Middle-Class Culture	692	(1)
The New Woman	693	(2)
The World's Columbian Exhibition	695	(2)
Wealth and Inequality	697	(2)
The Antitrust Movement	698	(1)
Labor Strife	699	(7)
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877	700	(1)
The Knights of Labor	700	(1)
Haymarket	701	(1)
Henry George	702	(1)
Edward Bellamy	703	(1)
The Homestead Strike	704	(1)
The Depression of 1893--1897	704	(1)
The Pullman Strike	705	(1)
Farmers' Movements	706	(4)
Credit and Money	707	(1)
The Greenback and Silver Movements	708	(1)
The Farmers' Alliance	709	(1)
The Rise and Fall of the People's Party	710	(4)
The Silver Issue	712	(1)
The Election of 1896	712	(2)
Conclusion	714	(1)
Suggested Readings	714	(2)
An Industrial Society, 1890--1920	716	(35)
Chronology	717	(1)
Sources of Economic Growth	717	(7)
Technology	718	(1)
Corporate Growth	718	(1)
Mass Production and Distribution	719	(1)
Corporate Consolidation	719	(2)
Revolution in Management	721	(1)
Scientific Management on the Factory Floor	721	(3)
``Robber Barons'' No More	724	(1)
Obsession with Physical and Racial Fitness	725	(2)
Social Darwinism	727	(1)
Immigration	727	(7)
European Immigration	728	(2)
Chinese and Japanese Immigration	730	(2)
Immigrant Labor	732	(2)
Living Conditions	734	(1)
Building Ethnic Communities	734	(4)
A Network of Institutions	735	(1)
The Emergence of an Ethnic Middle Class	735	(1)
Political Machines and Organized Crime	736	(2)
African American Labor and Community	738	(2)
Workers and Unions	740	(4)
Samuel F. Gompers and the AFL	741	(2)
``Big Bill'' Haywood and the IWW	743	(1)
The Joys of the City	744	(1)
The New Sexuality and the Rise of Feminism	745	(1)
History Through Film: The Great White Hope	746	(3)
Feminism	747	(2)
Conclusion	749	(1)
Suggested Readings	749	(2)
Progressivism	751	(37)
Chronology	752	(1)
Progressivism and the Protestant Spirit	752	(1)
Muckrakers, Magazines, and the Turn toward ``Realism''	753	(2)
Increased Newspaper and Magazine Circulation	754	(1)
The Turn toward ``Realism''	754	(1)
Settlement Houses and Women's Activism	755	(4)
Hull House	756	(1)
The Cultural Conservatism of Progressive Reformers	757	(1)
A Nation of Clubwomen	758	(1)
Socialism and Progressivism	759	(2)
The Many Faces of Socialism	759	(1)
Socialists and Progressives	760	(1)
Municipal Reform	761	(1)
The City Commission Plan	761	(1)
The City Manager Plan	762	(1)
The Costs of Reform	762	(1)
Political Reform in the States	762	(6)
Restoring Sovereignty to ``the People''	763	(1)
Creating a Virtuous Electorate	763	(1)
The Australian Ballot	764	(1)
Personal Registration Laws	764	(1)
Disenfranchisement	764	(2)
Disillusionment with the Electorate	766	(1)
Woman Suffrage	766	(2)
Economic and Social Reform in the States	768	(2)
Robert La Follette and Wisconsin Progressivism	768	(1)
Progressive Reform in New York	769	(1)
A Renewed Campaign for Civil Rights	770	(3)
The Failure of Accommodationism	770	(1)
From the Niagara Movement to the NAACP	771	(2)
National Reform	773	(5)
The Roosevelt Presidency	773	(1)
Regulating the Trusts	774	(1)
Toward a ``Square Deal''	774	(1)
Expanding Government Power: The Economy	775	(1)
Expanding Government Power: The Environment	775	(2)
Progressivism: A Movement for the People?	777	(1)
The Republicans: A Divided Party	777	(1)
The Taft Presidency	778	(1)
Battling Congress	778	(1)
The Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy	778	(1)
Roosevelt's Return	779	(1)
The Bull Moose Campaign	780	(1)
The Rise of Woodrow Wilson	780	(1)
The Election of 1912	781	(1)
The Wilson Presidency	782	(4)
Tariff Reform and a Progressive Income Tax	782	(1)
The Federal Reserve Act	782	(2)
From the New Freedom to the New Nationalism	784	(2)
Conclusion	786	(1)
Suggested Readings	786	(2)
Becoming a World Power, 1898--1917	788	(30)
Chronology	789	(1)
The United States Looks Abroad	789	(4)
Protestant Missionaries	790	(1)
Businessmen	790	(1)
Imperialists	791	(2)
The Spanish-American War	793	(6)
``A Splendid Little War''	795	(4)
The United States Becomes a World Power	799	(7)
The Debate over the Treaty of Paris	800	(1)
The American-Filipino War	801	(1)
Controlling Cuba and Puerto Rico	802	(2)
China and the ``Open Door''	804	(2)
Theodore Roosevelt, Geopolitician	806	(2)
The Roosevelt Corollary	806	(1)
The Panama Canal	807	(1)
History Through Film: Tarzan, The Ape Man	808	(5)
Keeping the Peace in East Asia	811	(2)
William Howard Taft, Dollar Diplomat	813	(1)
Woodrow Wilson, Struggling Idealist	814	(2)
Conclusion	816	(1)
Suggested Readings	817	(1)
War and Society, 1914--1920	818	(34)
Chronology	819	(1)
Europe's Descent into War	819	(3)
American Neutrality	822	(5)
Submarine Warfare	823	(1)
The Peace Movement	824	(1)
Wilson's Vision: ``Peace without Victory''	825	(1)
German Escalation	826	(1)
American Intervention	827	(2)
Mobilizing for ``Total'' War	829	(10)
Organizing Industry	829	(1)
Securing Workers, Keeping Labor Peace	830	(2)
Raising an Army	832	(2)
Paying the Bills	834	(1)
Arousing Patriotic Ardor	835	(1)
Wartime Repression	836	(3)
The Failure of the International Peace	839	(6)
The Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles	840	(1)
The League of Nations	841	(1)
Wilson versus Lodge: The Fight over Ratification	841	(3)
The Treaty's Final Defeat	844	(1)
The Postwar Period: A Society in Convulsion	845	(5)
Labor-Capital Conflict	845	(1)
Radicals and the Red Scare	846	(2)
Racial Conflict and the Rise of Black Nationalism	848	(2)
Conclusion	850	(1)
Suggested Readings	851	(1)
The 1920s	852	(41)
Chronology	853	(1)
Prosperity	853	(12)
A Consumer Society	854	(1)
A People's Capitalism	855	(1)
The Rise of Advertising and Mass Marketing	856	(2)
Changing Attitudes toward Marriage and Sexuality	858	(1)
An Age of Celebrity	858	(1)
Celebrating Business Civilization	859	(1)
Industrial Workers	860	(2)
Women and Work	862	(1)
The Women's Movement Adrift	863	(2)
The Politics of Business	865	(5)
Harding and the Politics of Personal Gain	865	(2)
Coolidge and Laissez-Faire Politics	867	(1)
Hoover and the Politics of Associationalism	867	(1)
The Politics of Business Abroad	868	(2)
Farmers, Small-Town Protestants, and Moral Traditionalists	870	(9)
Agricultural Depression	870	(1)
Cultural Dislocation	871	(2)
Prohibition	873	(1)
The Ku Klux Klan	873	(2)
Immigration Restriction	875	(2)
Fundamentalism versus Liberal Protestantism	877	(1)
The Scopes Trial	878	(1)
Ethnic and Racial Communities	879	(3)
European American Ethnics	879	(2)
African Americans	881	(1)
History Through Film: The Jazz Singer	882	(7)
The Harlem Renaissance	885	(1)
Mexican Americans	886	(3)
The ``Lost Generation'' and Disillusioned Intellectuals	889	(2)
Democracy on the Defensive	890	(1)
Conclusion	891	(1)
Suggested Readings	892	(1)
The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929--1939	893	(42)
Chronology	894	(1)
Causes of the Great Depression	895	(2)
Stock Market Speculation	895	(1)
Mistakes by the Federal Reserve Board	895	(1)
An Ill-Advised Tariff	896	(1)
A Maldistribution of Wealth	896	(1)
Hoover: The Fall of a Self-Made Man	897	(3)
Hoover's Program	897	(1)
The Bonus Army	898	(2)
A Culture in Crisis	900	(1)
The Democratic Roosevelt	901	(2)
An Early Life of Privilege	902	(1)
Roosevelt Liberalism	902	(1)
The First New Deal, 1933--1935	903	(10)
Saving the Banks	905	(1)
Economic Relief	906	(1)
Agricultural Reform	906	(3)
Industrial Reform	909	(1)
Rebuilding the Nation's Infrastructure	910	(1)
The TVA Alternative	911	(1)
The New Deal and Western Development	911	(2)
Political Mobilization, Political Unrest, 1934--1935	913	(3)
Populist Critics of the New Deal	913	(1)
Labor Protests	914	(1)
Anger at the Polls	915	(1)
Radical Third Parties	916	(1)
The Second New Deal, 1935--1937	916	(10)
Philosophical Underpinnings	917	(1)
Legislation	917	(2)
Victory in 1936: The New Democratic Coalition	919	(1)
Rhetoric Versus Reality	920	(1)
Men, Women, and Reform	921	(3)
Labor in Politics and Culture	924	(2)
America's Minorities and the New Deal	926	(4)
Eastern and Southern European Ethnics	927	(1)
African Americans	927	(1)
Mexican Americans	928	(1)
American Indians	929	(1)
The New Deal Abroad	930	(2)
Stalemate, 1937--1940	932	(1)
The Court-Packing Fiasco	932	(1)
The Recession of 1937--1938	933	(1)
Conclusion	933	(1)
Suggested Readings	934	(1)
America during the Second World War	935	(41)
Chronology	936	(1)
The Road to War: Aggression and Response	936	(10)
The Rise of Aggressor States	937	(1)
Isolationist Sentiment and American Neutrality	937	(1)
Growing Interventionist Sentiment	938	(1)
The Mounting Crisis	938	(1)
The Outbreak of War in Europe	939	(1)
America's Response to War in Europe	940	(3)
An ``Arsenal of Democracy''	943	(1)
Pearl Harbor	944	(2)
Fighting the War in Europe	946	(4)
Campaigns in North Africa and Italy	947	(1)
Operation Overlord	948	(2)
The Pacific Theater	950	(4)
Seizing the Initiative in the Pacific	950	(1)
China Policy	951	(1)
Pacific Strategy	951	(3)
A New President	954	(3)
Atomic Power and Japanese Surrender	954	(3)
The War at Home: The Economy	957	(5)
Government's Role in the Economy	957	(1)
Business and Finance	958	(2)
The Workforce	960	(1)
Labor Unions	961	(1)
Assessing Economic Change	962	(1)
The War at Home: Social Issues	962	(8)
Wartime Propaganda	963	(1)
Gender Equality	964	(1)
Racial Equality	965	(2)
Racial Tensions	967	(3)
Shaping the Peace	970	(4)
International Organizations	970	(1)
Spheres of Interest and Postwar Settlements	971	(3)
Conclusion	974	(1)
Suggested Readings	975	(1)
The Age of Containment, 1946--1954	976	(36)
Creating a National Security State, 1945--1949	976	(1)
Chronology	977	(7)
Onset of the Cold War	977	(1)
Containment Abroad: The Truman Doctrine	978	(2)
Truman's Loyalty Program	980	(1)
The National Security Act, the Marshall Plan, and the Berlin Crisis	981	(2)
The Election of 1948	983	(1)
The Korean War Era, 1949--1952	984	(6)
NATO, China, and the Bomb	984	(1)
NSC-68	985	(1)
The Korean War	986	(3)
Korea and Containment	989	(1)
Containment at Home	990	(4)
Anticommunism and the Labor Movement	991	(1)
HUAC and the Loyalty Program	992	(2)
History Through Film: High Noon	994	(5)
Targeting Difference	995	(1)
The ``Great Fear''	996	(2)
McCarthyism	998	(1)
Truman's Fair Deal	999	(6)
The Employment Act of 1946 and the Promise of Economic Growth	1000	(1)
Shaping the Fair Deal	1001	(2)
Civil Rights	1003	(2)
A Changing Culture	1005	(4)
Jackie Robinson and the Baseball ``Color Line''	1005	(1)
Suburban Development	1006	(2)
Allure and Danger: Women on Film	1008	(1)
From Truman to Eisenhower	1009	(1)
The Election of 1952	1009	(1)
A Soldier-President	1010	(1)
Conclusion	1010	(1)
Suggested Readings	1011	(1)
Affluence and Its Discontents, 1953--1963	1012	(44)
Foreign Policy, 1953--1960	1012	(1)
Chronology	1013	(4)
Eisenhower Takes Command	1013	(1)
The New Look and Summitry	1014	(2)
Covert Action and Economic Leverage	1016	(1)
America and the Third World	1017	(3)
Latin America	1017	(1)
Nasserism and the Suez Crisis of 1956	1018	(1)
Vietnam	1019	(1)
Affluence---A ``People of Plenty''	1020	(8)
Economic Growth	1021	(2)
Highways and Waterways	1023	(2)
Labor--Management Accord	1025	(1)
Political Pluralism	1026	(1)
A Religious People	1027	(1)
Discontents of Affluence	1028	(4)
Conformity in an Affluent Society	1028	(1)
Restive Youth	1029	(2)
The Mass Culture Debate	1031	(1)
Changing Gender Patterns	1032	(2)
The New Suburbs and Gender Ideals	1032	(1)
Women's Changing Roles	1033	(1)
The Fight against Discrimination, 1953--1960	1034	(8)
The Brown Cases, 1954--1955	1035	(2)
The Montgomery Bus Boycott and Martin Luther King, Jr.	1037	(1)
The Domestic and International Politics of Civil Rights	1037	(2)
American Indian Policy	1039	(1)
The Growth of Spanish-Speaking Populations	1040	(1)
Urban-Suburban Issues	1041	(1)
Debating the Role of Government	1042	(3)
The New Conservatives	1042	(1)
Advocates of a More Active Government	1043	(2)
The Kennedy Years: Foreign Policy	1045	(4)
The Election of 1960	1045	(2)
Kennedy's Foreign Policy Goals	1047	(1)
Cuba and Berlin	1047	(2)
Southeast Asia and ``Flexible Response''	1049	(1)
The Kennedy Years: Domestic Policy	1049	(5)
Policy Making under Kennedy	1049	(1)
The Civil Rights Movement, 1960--1963	1050	(2)
Women's Issues	1052	(1)
The Assassination of John F. Kennedy	1053	(1)
Conclusion	1054	(1)
Suggested Readings	1055	(1)
America during Its Longest War, 1963--1974	1056	(38)
Chronology	1057	(1)
The Great Society	1057	(6)
Closing the New Frontier	1058	(1)
The Election of 1964	1059	(2)
Lyndon Johnson's Great Society	1061	(1)
Evaluating the Great Society	1062	(1)
Escalation in Vietnam	1063	(5)
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution	1063	(2)
The War Widens	1065	(1)
The Media and the War	1066	(2)
The War at Home	1068	(4)
A New Left	1068	(2)
The Counterculture	1070	(1)
From Civil Rights to Black Power	1071	(1)
History Through Film: Malcolm X	1072	(6)
1968: The Violence Overseas	1074	(1)
1968: The Violence at Home	1075	(1)
The Election of 1968	1076	(2)
The Nixon Years, 1969--1974	1078	(6)
The Economy	1078	(1)
Social Policy	1079	(1)
Environmentalism	1080	(1)
Controversies over Rights	1081	(3)
Foreign Policy under Nixon and Kissinger	1084	(4)
Detente	1084	(1)
Vietnamization	1085	(2)
The Aftermath of War	1087	(1)
Expanding the Nixon Doctrine	1087	(1)
The Wars of Watergate	1088	(4)
The Election of 1972	1089	(1)
Nixon Pursued	1090	(1)
Nixon's Final Days	1091	(1)
Conclusion	1092	(1)
Suggested Readings	1093	(1)
Economic and Social Change in the Late 20th Century	1094	(40)
A Changing People	1094	(1)
An Aging Population	1094	(1)
Chronology	1095	(7)
The Rise of the Sunbelt	1096	(1)
New Immigration	1097	(3)
Urbanization and Suburbanization	1100	(2)
Economic Transformations	1102	(6)
New Technologies	1103	(1)
Big Business	1104	(2)
Postindustrial Restructuring	1106	(2)
Media and Culture	1108	(5)
The Video Revolution	1108	(2)
The ``New Hollywood''	1110	(1)
The Changing Media Environment	1111	(1)
The New Mass Culture Debate	1112	(1)
Social Activism	1113	(5)
Women's Issues	1114	(2)
Sexual Politics	1116	(2)
Race, Ethnicity, and Social Activism	1118	(10)
African American Activism	1119	(2)
American Indian Activism	1121	(2)
Activism in Spanish-Speaking Communities	1123	(2)
Asian American Activism	1125	(2)
The Dilemmas of Antidiscrimination Efforts	1127	(1)
The New Right	1128	(4)
New Conservative Institutions	1128	(1)
The New Religious Right	1129	(1)
The New Right's Agenda	1130	(2)
Conclusion	1132	(1)
Suggested Readings	1133	(1)
Power and Politics since 1974	1134	(45)
Chronology	1135	(1)
The Caretaker Presidency of Gerald Ford (1974--1977)	1136	(2)
Trying to Whip Stagflation	1136	(1)
Foreign Policy	1137	(1)
The Election of 1976	1137	(1)
Jimmy Carter's One-term Presidency (1977-1981)	1138	(7)
Welfare and Energy Initiatives	1138	(2)
A Faltering Economy	1140	(1)
Negotiating Foreign Disputes	1141	(1)
Campaigning for Human Rights Abroad	1142	(1)
Confronting Problems in Iran and Afghanistan	1143	(1)
The Election of 1980	1143	(2)
Ronald Reagan's ``New Morning in America'' (1981--1989)	1145	(5)
Pursuing Supply-Side Economics	1145	(2)
Broadening the New Right Agenda	1147	(2)
Routing the Democrats, 1984	1149	(1)
History Through Film: The First Movie-Star President	1150	(2)
Reagan's Second Term	1150	(2)
Renewing the Cold War	1152	(4)
The Defense Buildup	1153	(1)
Deploying Military Power	1154	(1)
The Iran-Contra Controversy	1155	(1)
The Beginning of the End of the Cold War	1156	(1)
The First Bush Presidency (1989--1993)	1156	(6)
The Election of 1988	1157	(1)
The End of the Cold War	1158	(2)
The Persian Gulf War	1160	(1)
The Election of 1992	1161	(1)
The Presidency of Bill Clinton (1993--2001)	1162	(9)
Clinton's First Two Years	1163	(1)
A Republican Congress, a Democratic White House	1164	(2)
Victory and Impeachment	1166	(2)
Environmental Policy	1168	(1)
Post--Cold War Foreign Policy	1169	(2)
Globalization	1171	(1)
The Presidency of George W. Bush (2001--)	1171	(7)
The Long Election	1172	(1)
A Conservative Domestic Agenda	1173	(1)
Foreign Policy Changes Course	1174	(3)
Bush Wins Reelection	1177	(1)
Conclusion	1178	(1)
Suggested Readings	1179