Cengage Advantage Books: Reason and Responsibility Readings in Some Basic Problems of Philosophy (with InfoTrac)

by Feinberg, Joel; Shafer-Landau, Russ

• ISBN13: 9780534625542
• ISBN10: 0534625541
• Edition: 12th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-03-03
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

The Twelfth Edition of this best-selling, topically organized anthology provides a superb balance of historical selections and recent material. Now a part of Wadsworth's new Advantage Series and issued for the first time in a paperback format at a reduced price, this new edition features more readings than ever before--79 total--all, where necessary, in the finest translations available. The readings complement each other and naturally build on the topic being covered. Clear, concise introductions to each Part provide just enough guidance to let students learn from experiencing the readings themselves. The text's long-heralded selection of readings covers topics such as reason and religious belief, human knowledge, mind and its place in nature, determinism, free will and responsibility, and morality and its critics in five parts with careful attention to opposing points of view.

Table of Contents

A Note to Instructors and Students	vii
Preface	ix
Part I: Reason and Religious Belief	1	(124)
The Existence of God
Anselm of Canterbury: The Ontological Argument, from Proslogion	6	(2)
Gaunilo: On Behalf of the Fool	8	(3)
William L. Rowe: The Ontological Argument	11	(10)
Thomas Aquinas: The Five Ways, from Summa Theologica	21	(1)
Samuel Clarke: A Modern Formulation of the Cosmological Argument	22	(1)
William L. Rowe: The Cosmological Argument	23	(9)
William Paley: The Argument from Design	32	(5)
David Hume: Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, II-XI	37	(34)
Deborah Mathieu: Male-Chauvinist Religion	71	(8)
The Problem of Evil
Fyodor Dostoevsky: Rebellion, from The Brothers Karamazov	79	(6)
B.C. Johnson: God and the Problem of Evil	85	(4)
Richard Swinburne: Why God Allows Evil, from Is There a God?	89	(8)
Reason and Faith
W.K. Clifford: The Ethics of Belief	97	(4)
William James: The Will to Believe	101	(9)
Kelly James Clark: Without Evidence or Argument	110	(4)
Blaise Pascal: The Wager	114	(4)
Simon Blackburn: Miracles and Testimony, from Think	118	(7)
Part II: Human Knowledge: Its Grounds and Limits	125	(132)
Skepticism
John Pollock: A Brain in a Vat	133	(2)
Sextus Empiricus: The Modes of Skepticism, from Outlines of Pyhrronism	135	(4)
Roderick M. Chisholm: The Problem of the Criterion	139	(6)
Our Knowledge of the External World
Rene Descartes: Meditations on First Philosophy	145	(32)
John Locke: The Causal Theory of Perception, from An Essay Concerning Human Understanding	177	(8)
George Berkeley: Of the Principles of Human Knowledge	185	(8)
Thomas Reid: Of the Existence of a Material World, from Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense	193	(3)
G. E. Moore: Proof of an External World	196	(3)
The Methods of Science
David Hume: An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding, II, IV-VII	199	(25)
Wesley C. Salmon: An Encounter with David Hume	224	(19)
Karl Popper: Conjectures and Refutations	243	(4)
Philip Kitcher: Believing Where We Cannot Prove, from Abusing Science	247	(10)
Part III: Mind and its Place in Nature	257	(128)
The Mind-Body Problem
Richard Swinburne: A Defense of Substance Dualism	263	(4)
Frank Jackson: The Qualia Problem	267	(4)
David Papineau: The Case for Materialism, from Thinking about Consciousness	271	(5)
Peter Carruthers: The Mind Is the Brain, from Introducing Persons	276	(9)
Paul M. Churchland: Behaviorism, Materialism and Functionalism, from Matter and Consciousness	285	(11)
Can Non-Humans Think?
Alan Turing: Computing Machinery and Intelligence	296	(9)
John R. Searle: Minds, Brains, and Programs	305	(13)
William G. Lycan: Robots and Minds, from Consciousness	318	(6)
Colin Allen: Star Witness	324	(16)
Personal Identity and the Survival of Death
John Locke: The Prince and the Cobbler, from An Essay Concerning Human Understanding	340	(3)
Thomas Reid: Of Identity, from Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man	343	(3)
Thomas Reid: Of Mr. Locke's Account of Our Personal Identity, from Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man	346	(3)
David Hume: The Self, from A Treatise of Human Nature	349	(2)
Derek Parfit: Divided Minds and the Nature of Persons	351	(5)
Daniel C. Dennett: Where Am I?, from Brainstorms	356	(9)
John Perry: A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality	365	(20)
Part IV: Determinism, Free Will, and Responsibility	385	(84)
Hard Determinism: The Case for Determinism and Its Incompatibility with Any Important Sense of Free Will
Paul Holbach: The Illusion of Free Will, from System of Nature	392	(5)
Ted Honderich: A Defense of Hard Determinism, from How Free Are You?	397	(11)
Compatibilism: The Case for Determinism and Its Compatibility with the Most Important Sense of Free Will
A. J. Ayer: Freedom and Necessity, from Philosophical Essays	408	(5)
Walter T. Stace: The Problem of Free Will, from Religion and the Modern Mind	413	(5)
Libertarianism: The Case for Free Will & Its Incompatibility with Determinism
Roderick M. Chisholm: Human Freedom and the Self	418	(8)
Robert Kane: Free Will: Ancient Dispute, New Themes	426	(13)
Freedom and Moral Responsibility Aristotle: The Preconditions of Virtue, from Nicomachean Ethics	439	(30)
Harry Frankfurt: Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility	443	(6)
Thomas Nagel: Moral Luck	449	(8)
Susan Wolf: Sanity and the Metaphysics of Responsibility	457	(12)
Part V: Morality and Its Critics	469	(220)
Challenges to Morality
Joel Feinberg: Psychological Egoism	476	(12)
James Rachels: Ethical Egoism, from Elements of Moral Philosophy	488	(8)
Plato: The Immoralist's Challenge, from Republic Book II	496	(6)
Friedrich Nietzsche: Master and Slave Morality, from Beyond Good and Evil	502	(8)
Proposed Standards of Right Conduct
Russ Shafer-Landau: Ethical Subjectivism	510	(12)
Mary Midgley: Trying Out One's New Sword, from Heart and Mind	522	(3)
Aristotle: The Nature of Virtue, from Nicomachean Ethics	525
Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan, Part I, Chapters XIII-XV	54l	(500)
John Rawls: Justice as Fairness, from A Theory of Justice	554	(10)
Philip L. Quinn: God and Morality	564	(15)
Immanuel Kant: The Good Will & The Categorical Imperative, from Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals	579	(15)
John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism, Chapters 1 and 2	594	(13)
W.D. Ross: What Makes Right Acts Right?, from The Right and the Good	607	(8)
Ethical Problems
Plato: Crito	615	(7)
Martha Nussbaum: Judging Other Cultures: The Case of Genital Mutilation	622	(9)
Peter Singer: Famine, Affluence, and Morality	631	(8)
Onora O'Neill: Kantian Approaches to Some Famine Problems	639	(6)
John Harris: The Survival Lottery	645	(5)
James Rachels: Active and Passive Euthanasia	650	(4)
Peter Singer: All Animals Are Equal	654	(13)
Judith Jarvis Thomson: A Defense of Abortion	667	(10)
Don Marquis: An Argument that Abortion Is Wrong	677	(12)
Glossary	689