The Challenge of Third World Development

by Handelman, Howard

• ISBN13: 9780136054771
• ISBN10: 0136054773
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2011-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

Prentice Hall's sister company, Pearson Custom Publishing, has entered a partnership with the Council on Foreign Relations, bringing together expertise in online book-building technology with academic excellence. The Council formed a special editorial team-which includes Foreign Affairs' Managing Editor, Gideon Rose-to select the most influential articles on International Relations from Foreign Affairs and other prominent publications in the discipline. Along with suggested tables of content for specific courses and Prentice Hall texts, the Editorial Board has provided optional pedagogical apparatus.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xiii
Understanding Underdevelopment	p. 1
Third World Commonalities: The Nature of Underdevelopment	p. 2
Economic Underdevelopment	p. 3
Social Underdevelopment	p. 5
Political Underdevelopment	p. 9
Some Relationships among the Components of Development	p. 11
The Causes of Underdevelopment	p. 13
Modernization Theory and the Importance of Cultural Values	p. 13
Dependency Theory	p. 17
Modernization and Dependency Theory Compared	p. 19
Contemporary Perspectives	p. 20
Discussion Questions	p. 22
Notes	p. 23
Democratic Change and the Change to Democracy	p. 27
Democracy Defined	p. 29
Democratic Transition and Consolidation	p. 30
Authoritarian Beginnings	p. 31
Justifying Authoritarian Rule	p. 32
The Third Wave and Its Effect on the Third World	p. 34
International Causes and Consequences of the Third Wave	p. 36
The Prerequisites of Democracy in Individual Countries	p. 38
Social and Economic Modernization	p. 38
Class Structure	p. 40
Political Culture	p. 41
How Do Democracies Perform? Public Policy Compared	p. 45
Democratic Consolidation	p. 46
Improving the Quality of Democracy	p. 48
Conclusion	p. 49
Discussion Questions	p. 50
Notes	p. 51
Religion and Politics	p. 55
The Meeting of Church and State	p. 56
Great Religions of the Third World	p. 57
Religion, Modernity, and Secularization	p. 58
Structural and Theological Bases of Church-State Relations	p. 61
Islam	p. 61
Catholicism	p. 62
Hinduism and Buddhism	p. 63
Religious Fundamentalism: Islam and Hinduism	p. 64
Defining and Explaining Fundamentalism	p. 65
Fundamentalists: Radical and Conservative	p. 66
"Sacred Rage and the Iranian Revolution": Radical Islamism as a Reaction to Western-Style Modernization	p. 67
Al Qaeda and Militant Islamism	p. 69
Turkey and Moderate Fundamentalism (Islamism)	p. 74
Radical Hindu Fundamentalism	p. 77
The Progressive Catholic Church	p. 79
Religion and Politics in the Developing World: Looking to the Future	p. 82
Conclusion: Religion and Democracy	p. 83
Discussion Questions	p. 86
Notes	p. 86
The Politics of Cultural Pluralism and Ethnic Conflict	p. 92
Defining Ethnicity	p. 94
Ethnic and State Boundaries	p. 96
Types of Ethnic-Cultural Divisions	p. 97
Nationality	p. 97
Tribe	p. 100
Race	p. 102
Religion	p. 105
Dependence, Modernization, and Ethnic Conflict	p. 111
Levels of Interethnic Conflict	p. 112
Relative Harmony	p. 113
Uneasy Balance	p. 113
Enforced Hierarchy (Ethnic Dominance)	p. 115
Systematic Violence	p. 116
Outcomes and Resolutions	p. 117
Power Sharing: Federalism and Consociationalism	p. 118
Secession	p. 120
Outside Intervention	p. 121
Outside Intervention in Iraq: The Effect of the U.S. Occupation on Kurdish Autonomy	p. 124
Settlement through Exhaustion	p. 126
Toward a Peaceful Resolution of Conflict	p. 126
Conclusion: Ethnic Pluralism and Democracy	p. 127
Discussion Questions	p. 129
Notes	p. 129
Women and Development	p. 136
The Political and Socioeconomic Status of Third World Women	p. 138
Colonization, Westernization, Modernization, and the Economic Status of Women	p. 140
Women in the Economy: Rural and Urban	p. 142
Women and Politics	p. 145
Women's Political Activism at the Grass Roots	p. 146
Women as National Political Leaders	p. 149
Reserved Seats and Quotas: Female Representation in Parliament and the Cabinet	p. 152
Women and Revolutionary Change	p. 158
The Status of Women: The Roles of Modernization, Globalization, and Regime Type	p. 161
Conclusion: Democracy and the Role of Women in Society	p. 163
Discussion Questions	p. 166
Notes	p. 167
Agrarian Reform and the Politics of Rural Change	p. 172
Rural Class Structures	p. 173
Peasant Politics	p. 174
The Politics of Agrarian Reform	p. 177
Patterns of Land Concentration	p. 178
The Case for Agrarian Reform	p. 179
Types of Agrarian Reform	p. 181
Externally Imposed Reform	p. 181
Revolutionary Transformation	p. 183
Moderate Reformism	p. 185
The Limits of Agrarian Reform	p. 187
Other Approaches and Issues	p. 189
Crop Pricing	p. 190
Conclusion: Democracy and Rural Reform	p. 191
Discussion Questions	p. 192
Notes	p. 192
Rapid Urbanization and the Politics of the Urban Poor	p. 196
The Political Consequences of Urban Growth	p. 199
The Struggle for Employment	p. 200
The Struggle for Housing Among the Urban Poor	p. 203
Public Housing and the Role of the State	p. 204
Spontaneous Housing	p. 206
Sites-and-Services Programs	p. 207
The Struggle Against Urban Crime	p. 208
The Politics of the Urban Poor: Conflicting Images	p. 210
Forms of Political Expression Among the Urban Poor	p. 214
Individual Political Behavior	p. 214
Collective Goals: Housing and Urban Services	p. 215
Radical Political Behavior	p. 218
Conclusion: Future Urban Growth and Democratic Politics	p. 220
Discussion Questions	p. 220
Notes	p. 221
Revolutionary Change	p. 225
Defining Revolution	p. 226
Underlying Causes of Revolution	p. 228
Inexorable Historical Forces	p. 228
Regime Decay	p. 229
Challenges from Below	p. 231
Causes of Revolution: A Summary	p. 234
Levels of Popular Support	p. 235
Peasants as Revolutionaries	p. 238
Why Peasants Rebel	p. 238
Which Peasants Rebel	p. 239
Revolutionary Leadership	p. 240
Revolutionaries in Power	p. 241
Conclusion: Revolutionary Change and Democracy	p. 244
Discussion Questions	p. 246
Notes	p. 247
Soldiers and Politics	p. 250
The Causes of Military Intervention	p. 252
The Nature of the Armed Forces	p. 252
The Nature of Civil Society	p. 254
Progressive Soldiers and Military Conservatives	p. 257
The Goals of Military Regimes	p. 259
Personalistic Regimes	p. 259
Institutional Military Regimes	p. 261
The Accomplishments and Failures of Military Regimes	p. 265
Combating Corruption	p. 265
Defending Corporate Interests	p. 266
Patterns in Military Spending	p. 267
Establishing Stability	p. 271
Economic Development	p. 272
Military Withdrawal from Politics	p. 275
New Roles for the Armed Forces	p. 276
Conclusion: Democracy and the Military	p. 277
Discussion Questions	p. 278
Notes	p. 279
The Political Economy of Third World Development	p. 284
The Role of the State	p. 284
The Command Economy	p. 286
Latin American Statism	p. 288
East Asia's Developmental State	p. 292
The Neoclassical Ideal	p. 295
Finding a Proper Role for the State	p. 297
Industrialization Strategies	p. 297
Import-Substituting Industrialization	p. 298
Export-Oriented Industrialization	p. 300
Growth with Equity	p. 301
Economic Development and the Environment	p. 304
The Costs of Growth	p. 305
Environmental Decay as a Third World Problem	p. 305
Environmental Decay in the LDCs as a Global Problem	p. 306
The Search for Sustainable Development	p. 307
Some Signs of Progress	p. 308
Finding the Right Mix	p. 309
The Effects of Globalization on Developing Nations	p. 310
Conclusion: Democracy and Economic Development	p. 314
Discussion Questions	p. 315
Notes	p. 315
Glossary	p. 320
Index	p. 329
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