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Chemical Dependency : A Systems Approach,9780205264858
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Chemical Dependency : A Systems Approach

by McNeece, C. Aaron; DiNitto, Diana M.
Edition:
2nd
ISBN13:

9780205264858

ISBN10:
0205264859
Format:
Paperback
Pub. Date:
1/1/1998
Publisher(s):
Allyn & Bacon
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Summary

The latest edition of this well-respected book by C. Aaron McNeece and Diana DiNitto presents a comprehensive look at chemical dependency, covering the most recent issues in the areas of epidemiology, etiology, substance abuse policy and treatment. Taking a systems perspective "Chemical Dependency: A Systems Approach, Third Edition, " presents all major theories of addiction, as well as the major physiological and psychological results of substance abuse, including fetal alcohol syndrome. Coverage of the latest developments in treatment and research incorporates the most recent findings on genetic causes of alcoholism. This edition includes an up-to-date discussion of the most recent trends in designer drugs, to account for the considerable frequency in which drug use patterns occur. In addition, the most recent policy changes at the state, federal, and international levels have been added.

Table of Contents

Preface xiii
Part One Theories, Models, and Definitions 1(66)
1 Definitions and Epidemiology of Alcoholism and Drug Addiction
3(20)
Definitions and Myths
4(4)
Disease, Addiction, or Behavioral Disorder?
4(4)
Epidemiology
8(11)
Alcohol
8(6)
Marijuana and Hallucinogens
14(1)
Nicotine
14(2)
Cocaine
16(1)
Other Stimulants and Sedatives
17(2)
Narcotics
19(1)
Summary
19(1)
Endnotes
20(3)
2 The Etiology of Addiction
23(13)
Pamela V. Valentine
Etiological Theories
23(10)
The Moral Model
24(1)
Psychological Theories
24(3)
Biological Theories
27(2)
Sociocultural Theories
29(2)
Alternative Explanations
31(1)
A Multicausal Model
32(1)
Summary
33(1)
Endnotes
33(3)
3 Becoming Addicted
36(9)
The Stages of Alcoholism
37(2)
The Course of Cocaine Addiction
39(1)
Becoming a Heroin Addict
40(1)
Marijuana Addiction
41(2)
Summary
43(1)
Endnotes
43(2)
4 The Physiological and Behavioral Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse
45(22)
The Effects of Alcohol
45(1)
The Metabolization of Alcohol
46(1)
Intoxication
46(1)
Withdrawal
47(1)
The Digestive System
47(1)
The Cardiovascular System
48(1)
The Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
48(1)
The Neurologic System
49(1)
Common Neurologic Disorders
49(1)
Alcohol and Other Disorders
50(1)
The Effects of Cannabis
51(1)
The Effects of Stimulants
52(3)
Cocaine
52(1)
Amphetamines
53(2)
MDMA
55(1)
Crystal Methamphetamine
55(1)
The Effects of Sedatives
56(1)
The Effects of Narcotics
57(1)
The Digestive System
58(1)
The Endocrine System
58(1)
Integument
58(1)
The Genitourinary System
58(1)
Other Problems
58(1)
The Effects of Hallucinogens
58(2)
The Effects of Inhalants
60(1)
The Effects of Drugs on Offspring
60(2)
Alcohol
61(1)
Opiates
61(1)
Tobacco
61(1)
Amphetamines and Cocaine
62(1)
Other Drugs
62(1)
Summary
62(1)
Endnotes
62(5)
Part Two Intervention, Prevention, and Public Policy 67(144)
5 Screening, Diagnosis, Assessment, and Referral
69(35)
Screening
70(5)
Can Alcoholics and Addicts Be Believed?
75(2)
Diagnosis
77(5)
Assessment
82(8)
Education
83(2)
Employment
85(1)
Military History
86(1)
Medical History
86(1)
Legal History
86(1)
Drinking and Drug History
87(1)
Psychological or Psychiatric History
88(1)
Family History
88(1)
Current Family and Social Relationships
89(1)
Why the Individual Is Seeking Services
90(1)
Denial, Resistance, and Motivation to Recovery
90(6)
Confidentiality
96(2)
Referrals
98(2)
Summary
100(1)
Endnotes
100(4)
6 Treatment--The System of Care
104(62)
Components of the Treatment System
104(47)
Detoxification Programs
104(5)
Intensive Treatment
109(6)
Residential Programs
115(5)
Outpatient Services
120(11)
Pharmacotherapy
131(5)
Aftercare
136(1)
Maintenance
137(1)
Education and Psychoeducation
137(1)
Adjunctive Services
138(1)
More Treatment Effectiveness Issues
139(7)
Nontraditional Treatments
146(5)
Self-Help Groups
151(5)
Alcoholics Anonymous
151(3)
Research and Self-Help Groups
154(2)
Narcotics Anonymous and Other Self-Help Groups
156(1)
Summary
156(1)
Endnotes
157(9)
7 Preventing Alcohol and Drug Problems
166(14)
Overview of Prevention
168(1)
Public Information and Education
168(2)
Programs Directed at Children and Adolescents
169(1)
Service Measures
170(1)
Technologic Measures
171(2)
Legislative and Regulatory Measures
173(3)
Advertising and the Media
173(3)
Economic Measures
176(1)
Summary
177(1)
Endnotes
177(3)
8 Regulating Drugs and Their Consequences
180(31)
Sociocultural Influences on Public Drug Policy
180(1)
Economic and Political Factors
181(1)
Changes in Drug Use Patterns
182(1)
The Nature of Drug Control
182(1)
Assumptions Underlying Regulation
183(1)
Regulation of Alcohol
184(6)
The Lessons of Prohibition
184(1)
Current U.S. Policies
184(6)
Control of Illicit Drugs
190(5)
The War on Drugs
192(1)
The Economics of Drug War/Peace
192(1)
Issues Regarding Legalization
193(2)
Drugs, Alcohol, and Crime
195(2)
Alcohol and Drug Law Violations
197(1)
Drug Use by Criminals
198(1)
Drug Use by Victims
199(1)
Domestic Violence
199(2)
Drug/Crime Trends in the 1990s
201(3)
Drug Trafficking
201(1)
Drugs, Crime, and Prison
202(1)
Treating Substance-Abusing Offenders
202(2)
Summary
204(1)
Endnotes
205(6)
Part Three Chemical Dependency in Special Populations 211(232)
9 Treating Chemically Dependent Children and Adolescents
213(16)
Thomas E. Smith
David W. Springer
Developmental and Contextual Factors
214(2)
Medical and Psychiatric Context
214(1)
Legal Context
215(1)
Social Context
215(1)
Educational Context
216(1)
Substance Abuse Treatment
216(1)
Managed Care and Dual Diagnoses
217(1)
Prevention
218(1)
Drug Education
219(1)
Outpatient and Community Self-Help Approaches
219(3)
Abstinence-Oriented Approaches
221(1)
Family-Based Treatment
221(1)
Inpatient Treatment
222(1)
Residential Treatment/Treatment Communities
223(1)
Case Example
223(3)
Summary
226(1)
Endnotes
226(3)
10 Family Systems and Chemical Dependency
229(26)
Catherine A. Hawkins
A Family Perspective in Theory, Research, and Treatment
230(1)
Theories on Alcoholism and the Family
231(1)
Family Systems Theory of Alcoholism and the Family
232(3)
Rituals and Routines
232(2)
Shame
234(1)
Rules and Roles
235(1)
Codependency and Related Constructs
235(4)
Codependency
235(2)
Children of Alcoholics
237(1)
Adult Children of Alcoholics
238(1)
Assessment and Treatment of Alcoholic Families
239(5)
Behavioral Perspective
240(1)
Stress-Coping Perspective
241(1)
Family Therapy Perspective
242(2)
Effectiveness of Family Treatment
244(1)
Case Example
244(6)
Summary
250(1)
Endnotes
251(4)
11 Ethnicity, Culture, and Substance Abuse
255(63)
Substance Abuse among Native Americans and Alaskan Natives
257(12)
Cultural Issues and Chemical Abuse among Native Americans and Alaskan Natives
258(1)
Substance Abuse Problems among Native Americans and Alaskan Natives
259(3)
Prevention and Treatment Services for Native Americans and Alaskan Natives
262(7)
Substance Abuse among African Americans
269(11)
Contemporary Explanations of Substance Abuse among African Americans
269(2)
Chemical Dependency Problems among African Americans
271(4)
Chemical Dependency Treatment for African Americans
275(4)
Prevention in African American Communities
279(1)
Substance Abuse among Hispanic Americans
280(10)
Incidence of Substance Use and Abuse among Hispanic Americans
281(3)
Historical and Cultural Perspectives on Substance Use and Abuse among Hispanic Americans
284(3)
Prevention and Treatment Services for Hispanic Americans
287(3)
Substance Abuse among Asian Americans
290(7)
Alcohol and Drug Use among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
291(1)
Cultural and Genetic Influences in Substance Use among Asian Americans
292(3)
Prevention and Treatment Services for Asian Americans
295(2)
Substance Abuse among Jewish Americans
297(4)
Extent of Alcohol and Other Drug Use among Jewish Americans
298(1)
Explanations of Low Rates of Alcoholism among Jewish Americans
299(1)
Prevention and Treatment Services for Jewish Americans
300(1)
Summary
301(1)
Endnotes
302(16)
12 Gay Men, Lesbians, Bisexuals, and Chemical Dependency
318(29)
Substance Abuse among Lesbians and Gay Men
318(5)
Substance Abuse: Causes and Connections
323(4)
Prevention Issues
327(1)
Treatment Issues
328(5)
Denial and Defensiveness
328(3)
Significant Others
331(1)
Treatment: Together or Apart?
332(1)
Chemical Dependency Professionals
333(2)
The Recovery Movement and Twelve-Step Groups
335(3)
Resources
338(1)
Summary
339(1)
Endnotes
339(8)
13 Compounding the Problem: Substance Abuse and Other Disabilities
347(44)
Diana M. DiNitto
Deborah K. Webb
Mental Illness and Substance Abuse
349(10)
Prevalence
349(1)
Substance Vulnerability
349(1)
Underdiagnosing
350(1)
Screening, Assessing, and Making Accurate Diagnoses
350(1)
Relationships between Abused Drugs and Mental Disorders
351(1)
Treatment
352(7)
Mental Retardation
359(7)
Is There a Problem?
360(2)
Treating Substance Abusers Who Are Mentally Retarded
362(4)
Mobility Impairments
366(4)
Traumatic Head and Brain Injury
370(3)
Sensory Disabilities
373(4)
Hearing Impairments
373(3)
Visual Impairments
376(1)
Other Physical Disabilities
377(2)
Resources
379(1)
Summary
379(1)
Endnotes
380(11)
14 Alcohol and Drug Use among the Elderly
391(15)
Linda Vinton
Kathryn G. Wambach
Prevalence and Patterns
391(2)
Antecedents and Correlates
393(3)
Sociocultural Models
393(1)
Psychologic and Psychosocial Models
394(2)
Alcohol and Drug Abuse
396(1)
Assessment and Biopsychosocial Effects
397(2)
Assessment Strategies and Problems
397(1)
Effects
398(1)
Medical Complications
398(1)
Cognitive Impairment
398(1)
Depression and Suicide
399(1)
Case Finding and Treatment
399(3)
Summary
402(1)
Endnotes
402(4)
15 Gender and Drugs: Fact, Fiction, and Unanswered Questions
406(37)
Diane R. Davis
Diana M. DiNitto
Susan's Story
406(2)
An Equality Women Don't Want
408(2)
Biological Differences
410(7)
Genetics and Etiology
410(2)
Is Biology Destiny?
412(1)
Sexual Dysfunction
413(1)
Gynecological and Reproductive Problems
414(3)
Social Differences
417(4)
Falling from the Pedestal
418(1)
Social Supports
418(2)
Crime
420(1)
Psychological Differences
421(2)
Psychological Distress
421(1)
Physical and Sexual Abuse
422(1)
Women, Treatment, and Recovery
423(5)
Treatment Matching
424(2)
Self-Help Groups
426(2)
Murky Methodological Waters
428(2)
The Feminist Critique
428(1)
Alcohol, Drugs, and Measurement
429(1)
Emerging from Invisibility
430(1)
Susan's Story Revisited
430(1)
Where Do We Go from Here?
431(1)
Identification
431(1)
Treatment
431(1)
The Big Picture
432(1)
Summary
432(1)
Endnotes
433(10)
Part Four Summary and Conclusions 443(8)
16 Chemical Dependency: Current Issues and Future Prospects
445(6)
Paul R. Raffoul
Research
446(1)
Policy Change
447(1)
Providing Services
448(1)
Third-Party Coverage
448(1)
Managed Care
449(1)
Summary and Concluding Thoughts
449(1)
Endnotes
450(1)
Index 451


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