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China : A New History

by Fairbank, John King

Edition:

2nd

ISBN13:

9780674018280

ISBN10:

0674018281

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

4/30/2006

Publisher(s):

Harvard Univ Pr

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Summary

John King Fairbank was the West's doyen on China, and this book is the full and final expression of his lifelong engagement with this vast ancient civilization. It remains a masterwork without parallel. The distinguished historian Merle Goldman brings the book up to date, covering reforms in the post-Mao period through the early years of the twenty-first century, including the leadership of Hu Jintao. She also provides an epilogue discussing the changes in contemporary China that will shape the nation in the years to come.

Preface to the Enlarged Edition

Preface to the Original Edition

xvii

Introduction: Approaches to Understanding China's History

(1)

The Variety of Historical Perspectives

(3)

Geography: The Contrast of North and South

(10)

Humankind in Nature

(3)

The Village: Family and Lineage

(6)

Inner Asia and China: The Steppe and the Sown

(4)

PART ONE Rise and Decline of the Imperial Autocracy

(136)

Origins: The Discoveries of Archaeology

(17)

Paleolithic China

(2)

Neolithic China

(2)

Excavation of Shang and Xia

(4)

The Rise of Central Authority

(2)

Western Zhou

(1)

Implications of the New Archaeological Record

(6)

The First Unification: Imperial Confucianism

(26)

The Utility of Dynasties

(3)

Princes and Philosophers

(2)

The Confucian Code

(2)

Daoism

(1)

Unification by Qin

(3)

Consolidation and Expansion under the Han

(5)

Imperial Confucianism

(2)

Correlative Cosmology

(2)

Emperor and Scholars

(6)

Reunification in the Buddhist Age

(16)

Disunion

(1)

The Buddhist Teaching

(3)

Sui-Tang Reunification

(3)

Buddhism and the State

(2)

Decline of the Tang Dynasty

(2)

Social Change: The Tang-Song Transition

(5)

China's Greatest Age: Northern and Southern Song

(20)

Efflorescence of Material Growth

(5)

Education and the Examination System

(3)

The Creation of Neo-Confucianism

(5)

Formation of Gentry Society

101

(7)

The Paradox of Song China and Inner Asia

108

(20)

The Symbiosis of Wen and Wu

108

(4)

The Rise of Non-Chinese Rule over China

112

(7)

China in the Mongol Empire

119

(7)

Interpreting the Song Era

126

(2)

Government in the Ming Dynasty

128

(15)

Legacies of the Hongwu Emperor

128

(4)

Fiscal Problems

132

(5)

China Turns Inward

137

(3)

Factional Politics

140

(3)

The Qing Success Story

143

(20)

The Manchu Conquest

143

(3)

Institutional Adaptation

146

(5)

The Jesuit Interlude

151

(1)

Growth of Qing Control in Inner Asia

152

(2)

The Attempted Integration of Polity and Culture

154

(9)

PART TWO Late Imperial China, 1600-1911

163

(92)

The Paradox of Growth without Development

167

(20)

The Rise in Population

167

(3)

Diminishing Returns of Farm Labor

170

(3)

The Subjection of Women

173

(3)

Domestic Trade and Commercial Organization

176

(3)

Merchant-Official Symbiosis

179

(4)

Limitations of the Law

183

(4)

Frontier Unrest and the Opening of China

187

(19)

The Weakness of State Leadership

187

(2)

The White Lotus Rebellion, 1796-1804

189

(2)

Maritime China: Origins of the Overseas Chinese

191

(4)

European Trading Companies and the Canton Trade

195

(2)

Rebellion on the Turkestan Frontier, 1826-1835

197

(1)

Opium and the Struggle for a New Order at Guangzhou, 1834-1842

198

(3)

Inauguration of the Treaty Century after 1842

201

(5)

Rebellion and Restoration

206

(11)

The Great Taiping Rebellion, 1851-1864

206

(3)

Civil War

209

(3)

The Qing Restoration of the 1860s

212

(2)

Suppression of Other Rebellions

214

(3)

Early Modernization and the Decline of Qing Power

217

(18)

Self-Strengthening and Its Failure

217

(4)

The Christian-Confucian Struggle

221

(3)

The Reform Movement

224

(6)

The Boxer Rising, 1898-1901

230

(2)

Demoralization

232

(3)

The Republican Revolution, 1901-1916

235

(20)

A New Domestic Balance of Power

235

(1)

Suppressing Rebellion by Militarization

236

(2)

Elite Activism in the Public Sphere

238

(2)

The Japanese Influence

240

(1)

The Qing Reform Effort

241

(3)

Constitutionalism and Self-Government

244

(3)

Insoluble Systemic Problems

247

(3)

The Revolution of 1911 and Yuan Shikai's Dictatorship

250

(5)

PART THREE The Republic of China, 1912-1949

255

(88)

The Quest for a Chinese Civil Society

257

(22)

The Limits of Chinese Liberalism

257

(3)

The Limits of Christian Reformism

260

(2)

The Tardy Rise of a Political Press

262

(1)

Academic Development

263

(3)

The New Culture Movement

266

(1)

The May Fourth Movement

267

(2)

Rise of the Chinese Bourgeoisie

269

(6)

Origins of the Chinese Communist Party

275

(4)

The Nationalist Revolution and the Nanjing Government

279

(15)

Sun Yatsen and the United Front

279

(4)

The Accession to Power of Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kaishek)

283

(3)

The Nature of the Nanjing Government

286

(3)

Systemic Weaknesses

289

(5)

The Second Coming of the Chinese Communist Party

294

(18)

Problems of Life on the Land

294

(5)

Rural Reconstruction

299

(2)

The Rise of Mao Zedong

301

(4)

The Long March, 1934-1935

305

(2)

The Role of Zhou Enlai

307

(3)

The Second United Front

310

(2)

China's War of Resistance, 1937-1945

312

(19)

Nationalist Difficulties

312

(4)

Mao's Sinification of Marxism

316

(5)

Mao Zedong Though

321

(2)

The Rectification Campaign of 1942-1944

323

(3)

American Support of Coalition Government

326

(5)

The Civil War and the Nationalists on Taiwan

331

(12)

Why the Nationalists Failed

331

(3)

Nationalist Attack and Communist Counterattack

334

(3)

Taiwan as a Japanese Colony

337

(2)

Taiwan as the Republic of China

339

(4)

PART FOUR The People's Republic of China

343

(114)

Establishing Control of State and Countryside

345

(23)

Creating the New State, 1949-1953

345

(7)

Collectivizing Agriculture

352

(2)

Collective Agriculture in Practice

354

(3)

Beginning Industrialization

357

(2)

Education and the Intellectuals

359

(6)

The Anti-Rightist Campaign, 1957-1958

365

(3)

The Great Leap Forward, 1958-1960

368

(15)

Background Factors

368

(4)

The Disaster of 1959-1960

372

(2)

Revival: Seizing Control of Industrial Labor

374

(2)

Party Rectification and Education

376

(2)

The Sino-Soviet Split

378

(2)

The Great Leap Forward as a Social Movement

380

(3)

The Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976

383

(23)

Underpinnings

383

(2)

Mao's Aims and Resources

385

(2)

Role of the People's Liberation Army

387

(2)

How the Cultural Revolution Unfolded

389

(3)

The Red Guards

392

(1)

The Seizure of Power

393

(2)

Foreign Affairs

395

(2)

Decentralization and the Third Front

397

(3)

The Succession Struggle

400

(1)

The Cultural Revolution in Retrospect

401

(3)

Aftermath

404

(2)

The Post-Mao Reform Era

406

(51)

Merle Goldman

Epilogue: China at the Close of the Century

457

(15)

Merle Goldman

Note on Romanization and Citation

472

(1)

China : A New History

9780674018280

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