China's Political System: Modernization And Tradition

by Dreyer, June Teufel

• ISBN13: 9780321355102
• ISBN10: 0321355105
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

This highly respected text demonstrates how the government ofChina,the world's most populous nation, has been significantly affected by attempts to harmonize the unique nature of its indigenous culture with a variety of influences and ideas from the outside world.

Table of Contents

Illustrations	xii
Preface	xiii
About the Author	xv
Political Map of China	xvi
Introduction	1	(22)
Modernization and Chinese Civilization	1	(6)
Theories of Analysis of Chinese Politics	7	(14)
Theoretical Analysis in the Early Years of the PRC	9	(5)
Theories Engendered by the Cultural Revolution	14	(5)
Post-Mao Theories of Analysis	19	(2)
Conclusions	21	(1)
Notes	21	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	22	(1)
The Chinese Tradition	23	(22)
Basic Characteristics	23	(6)
The Governmental Structure of Traditional China	29	(3)
The Examination System	32	(1)
Literature and Art	33	(1)
The Role of Law in Traditional China	33	(2)
The Military	35	(1)
The Barbarian Problem	36	(1)
Interpretations of Chinese History	36	(3)
Implications for Industrialization	39	(3)
Conclusions	42	(1)
Notes	43	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	43	(2)
Reformers, Warlords, and Communists	45	(18)
The New Invasion	45	(1)
The Self-Strengthening Movement	46	(4)
Reform and Revolution	50	(7)
The Reformers	51	(1)
The Reactionaries	52	(1)
The Revolutionaries	53	(4)
The Kuomintang	57	(4)
Notes	61	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	61	(2)
The Communist Road to Power	63	(18)
The Early Years: 1919--1923	63	(2)
The Period of Soviet Control: 1923--1931	65	(2)
The Jiangxi Soviet: 1931--1934	67	(1)
The Long March: 1934--1935	68	(3)
The Xi'an Incident: 1936	71	(1)
The Second United Front: 1936--1941	72	(5)
Civil War and Victory: 1941-1949	77	(3)
Notes	80	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	80	(1)
PRC Politics under Mao: 1949-1976	81	(26)
Consolidation of Power: 1949-1955	81	(3)
Establishing the Organs of Power	84	(5)
The Hundred Flowers Period: 1956-1957	89	(3)
The Great Leap Forward and Its Aftermath: 1958--1961	92	(5)
The Socialist Education Movement: 1962--1966	97	(1)
The Cultural Revolution: 1966--1976	98	(7)
The Years of Upheaval: 1966--1969	98	(5)
Reconstruction: 1970--1976	103	(2)
Notes	105	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	105	(2)
PRC Politics in the Post-Mao Era: 1976--2005	107	(32)
Interregnum: 1976--1978	107	(3)
Deng Ascendant	110	(2)
The Legacy of Mao	112	(1)
Political Realignment and Policy Readjustment	113	(13)
The Tiananmen Demonstrations 1989	122	(4)
The ``Third Generation'' Assumes Power: China under Jiang Zemin	126	(7)
The Three Represents	128	(1)
Civic Organizations	129	(1)
Changing Central-Local Relationships	129	(4)
The ``Fourth Generation'' Assumes Power	133	(2)
Conclusions	135	(2)
Notes	137	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	138	(1)
The Politics of the Economy	139	(28)
Introduction	139	(1)
The Early Years: 1949--1950	140	(1)
The Socialist Transformation of Agriculture: 1949--1978	140	(5)
Industrial Policy in the Maoist Era	145	(3)
Modern Industry	145	(1)
Handicrafts	146	(2)
Maoist Economic Policies Assessed	148	(1)
Economic Policy under Deng Xiaoping	149	(15)
Agricultural Reforms	149	(3)
The Private Sector	152	(1)
More Responsibility for State Enterprises	152	(1)
Reforming the Price System	153	(2)
Reforming the Reforms	155	(4)
New Problems for Deng's Successors	159	(5)
Conclusions	164	(2)
Notes	166	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	166	(1)
Crime and Punishment: The Legal System of the PRC	167	(24)
Less than Peaceful Coexistence of the Societal and Jural Models: 1949--1953	168	(1)
The Jural Model in Ascendance: 1954--1957	169	(1)
Resurgence of the Societal Model: 1957--1965	170	(1)
The Societal Model Rampant: 1966--1976	171	(2)
Law and Justice in the Post-Mao Era: Return to the Jural Model	173	(5)
The New Legal System	174	(2)
Legal Developments	176	(1)
The Trial Process	176	(2)
Mediation	178	(2)
Petitions	180	(1)
The Penal System	181	(8)
Conclusions	189	(1)
Notes	190	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	190	(1)
The Role of the Military	191	(24)
Party and Army	191	(3)
Assessing the Maoist Model	194	(1)
The Influence of the Korean War on the PLA	195	(2)
The Revolt against Professionalism	197	(9)
The Effect of the June Fourth Incident on the PLA	206	(2)
The Military under Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao	208	(4)
Conclusions	212	(1)
Notes	213	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	213	(2)
Education	215	(20)
Devising a System	215	(3)
The Drive for Egalitarianism and Fall Back toward Expertise	218	(1)
Redness Revisited: The Cultural Revolution	219	(2)
Egalitarians versus Experts: The Search for a Synthesis	221	(1)
The Search for Academic Excellence	222	(10)
Conclusions	232	(2)
Notes	234	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	234	(1)
Quality-of-Life Issues: Health, Demography, and the Environment	235	(24)
Health	235	(7)
Demography	242	(8)
The Environment	250	(6)
Conclusions	256	(1)
Notes	256	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	257	(2)
Conformity and Dissent: The Politics of the Arts and Journalism	259	(20)
Artist and Society in China	259	(1)
The Party, Art, and Social Protest	260	(1)
Post- 1949 Control Mechanisms	261	(2)
Repression and Reaction	263	(2)
Culture and the Cultural Revolution	265	(2)
The Arts under Deng Xiaoping	267	(10)
Restrained Dissent	267	(1)
Protest Gains Momentum	268	(2)
Experimenting with Capitalism in the Arts	270	(1)
The Campaign against Spiritual Pollution	271	(1)
Looming Confrontation	271	(1)
The Tiananmen Demonstrations and Their Aftermath	272	(5)
Conclusions	277	(1)
Notes	277	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	277	(2)
Ethnic Minorities and National Integration	279	(26)
China's Minority Peoples	279	(4)
Ethnicity in Communist Ideology	283	(1)
Minorities Policy in Practice	284	(18)
The Early Years: 1949--1957	284	(4)
The Great Leap Forward and Its Aftermath: 1959--1965	288	(3)
The Cultural Revolution: 1966--1971	291	(1)
Return to Pluralism: 1971-1977	292	(1)
Post-Mao Minorities Policy	293	(1)
Reform Produces Problems	293	(3)
External Factors	296	(1)
Repression Increases	296	(4)
Genuine Autonomy as a Possible Solution	300	(2)
Conclusions	302	(1)
Notes	303	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	303	(2)
Foreign Policy	305	(26)
Determinants	305	(4)
Tradition	305	(2)
Ideology	307	(1)
Capabilities	308	(1)
Goals	309	(1)
The Formulation of Foreign Policy	309	(3)
Chinese Foreign Relations: An Overview	312	(16)
The ``Lean to One Side'' Policy: 1949--1954	312	(2)
The Bandung Spirit: 1954--1957	314	(2)
Resurgent Nationalism and Isolation: 1957--1969	316	(4)
Global Power Politics: 1969-Present	320	(8)
1969-1989 Triangular Politics Counterbalancing the Sole Superpower: 1989-Present Post-9/11 Developments
Conclusions	328	(2)
Suggestions for Further Reading	330	(1)
Conclusions	331	(10)
Suggestions for Further Reading	340	(1)
Useful Websites	341	(2)
Index	343