Civil Procedure: Emanual Law Outline

by Cross, John T.

• ISBN13: 9780735544192
• ISBN10: 0735544190
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-04-14
• Publisher: Wolters Kluwer

Summary

The most trusted name in law school outlines, Emanuel Law Outlines support your class preparation, provide reference for your outline creation, and supply a comprehensive breakdown of topic matter for your entire study process. Created by Steven Emanuel, these course outlines have been relied on by generations of law students. Each title includes both capsule and detailed versions of the critical issues and key topics you must know to master the course. Also included are exam questions with model answers, an alpha-list of cases, and a cross reference table of cases for all of the leading casebooks. Emanuel Law Outline Features: & 1 outline choice among law students Comprehensive review of all major topics Capsule summary of all topics Cross-reference table of cases Time-saving format Great for exam prep

Table of Contents

Preface	xxxix
Casebook Correlation Chart	xli
Capsule Summary	1
Introduction
Civil Procedure Generally	1	(3)
How Civil Procedure differs from other courses	1	(1)
Procedural issues	1	(1)
Jurisdiction	1	(1)
Procedural history	2	(1)
Policy	2	(1)
Common misperceptions in Civil Procedure	2	(1)
Procedure is not completely separate from the other courses	2	(1)
Procedure is not more ``straightforward'' than the other courses	2	(1)
Procedure is not ``harder'' than the other courses	2	(1)
Procedure does not deal only with trials	3	(1)
Sources of Civil Procedure	3	(1)
Statutes	3	(1)
Federal rules	3	(1)
Importance of case law	3	(1)
General Themes in U.S. Civil Procedure	4	(2)
Civil vs. Criminal Procedure	4	(1)
Civil defined	4	(1)
Civil or criminal?	4	(1)
Terminology	4	(1)
Multiple court systems	4	(1)
State courts	4	(1)
Federal courts	4	(1)
Jurisdiction often shared	5	(1)
Law vs. equity	6	(1)
Stages in a civil lawsuit	6	(6)
Determining what claims to bring	6	(1)
Determining where to use	6	(1)
Personal jurisdiction (Chapter 2)	6	(1)
Venue (Chapter 3)	6	(1)
Subject matter jurisdiction (Chapter 4)	7	(1)
Pleading the case (Chapter 7)	7	(1)
The complaint	7	(1)
Responding to the complaint	7	(1)
Amending the pleadings	7	(1)
Determining who will sue and be sued (Chapters 14 and 15)	7	(1)
Plaintiffs and defendants	7	(1)
Additional parties	8	(1)
Additional claims between parties	8	(1)
Class actions (Chapter 15)	8	(1)
Discovery (Chapter 8)	8	(1)
Mandatory disclosures	8	(1)
Party-initiated discovery	8	(1)
Limits on discovery	8	(1)
Resolving the case before trial (Chapter 9)	8	(1)
Voluntary dismissal	8	(1)
Involuntary dismissal	8	(1)
Summary judgment	8	(1)
The trial (Chapters 10 and 11)	9	(1)
Jury trial issues (Chapter 10)	9	(1)
Other trial issues (Chapter 11)	9	(1)
Appeals (Chapter 12)	9	(1)
Effect of a judgment (Chapter 13)	9	(1)
Stare decisis	9	(1)
Preclusion	9	(1)
Full faith and credit	10	(2)
Personal Jurisdiction
Overview	12	(1)
Definition of personal jurisdiction	12	(1)
Subject matter jurisdiction distinguished	12	(1)
Constitutional requirement	12	(1)
Two categories of personal jurisdiction	12	(1)
In personam	12	(1)
In rem	12	(1)
Differences	12	(1)
Service of process	13	(1)
Development of the Modern Constitutional Test	13	(4)
Pennoyer v. Neff (1877)	13	(1)
Synopsis	13	(1)
Analysis	13	(1)
International Shoe (1945)	14	(1)
Synopsis	14	(1)
Analysis	15	(1)
Analysis still used	15	(1)
Shaffer (1977)	15	(1)
In rem as a fiction	15	(1)
Application of minimum contacts test to In rem	16	(1)
Limits of holding in Shaffer	16	(1)
World-Wide Volkswagen (1980)	16	(1)
Synopsis	16	(1)
Holding	16	(1)
Analysis	17	(1)
Application of the Modern Constitutional Test	17	(8)
Basic approach	17	(1)
Two-step test	17	(1)
Contacts	17	(1)
Fairness	17	(1)
Lack of fairness rarely defeats jurisdiction	18	(1)
Application to particular circumstances	18	(1)
Contract cases	18	(1)
Stream of commerce cases	19	(1)
Internet cases	20	(1)
General jurisdiction	20	(1)
Cases outside the minimum contacts test	21	(1)
Domicile	21	(1)
State of incorporation	21	(1)
Presence	21	(1)
Consent	21	(2)
Quiz Yourself on Application of the Modern Constitution Test	23	(2)
Notice	25	(5)
Constitutional requirement	25	(1)
Both contacts and notice required	25	(1)
Definition of notice	25	(1)
Adequacy of notice	25	(1)
Receipt of notice unnecessary	25	(1)
Acceptable means	26	(1)
Service by publication	26	(1)
How notice provided	26	(1)
Who serves	26	(1)
Methods of service --- state court	26	(1)
Service in federal court	27	(2)
Quiz Yourself on Notice	29	(1)
Challenges to Personal Jurisdiction	30	(7)
Traditional Approach	30	(1)
Default and collateral attack	30	(1)
Dangers	31	(1)
Special appearance	31	(1)
Limit	31	(1)
Options after jurisdiction challenge fails	31	(1)
Federal approach	31	(1)
Time limits	31	(1)
Special appearance compared	32	(1)
Waiver by inconsistent action	32	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Personal Jurisdiction	32	(3)
Exam Tips on Personal Jurisdiction	35	(2)
Venue
Basic Principles of Venue	37	(1)
Both state and federal	37	(1)
Statutes control	37	(1)
Not constitutional	37	(1)
State Venue	37	(1)
Federal Venue	37	(5)
Overview of §1391	38	(1)
Venue defined by district	38	(1)
Plaintiff may choose	38	(1)
Venue in diversity cases	38	(1)
Venue in federal question, ``combined,'' and supplemental jurisdiction cases	38	(1)
Interpreting §1391(a) and (b)	38	(1)
Corporate defendants	39	(1)
Aliens	40	(1)
Local action exception	40	(1)
Local action defined	40	(1)
Overrides regular venue statute	40	(1)
State venue	40	(1)
Removal exception	40	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Applying the Federal Venue Statutes	41	(1)
Challenges to Venue	42	(1)
Time limits	42	(1)
Waiver by inconsistent action	42	(1)
Forum Non Conveniens	42	(2)
Federal courts	42	(1)
Factors considered in the analysis	42	(1)
Alternate forum	43	(1)
Factors	43	(1)
Discretion	44	(1)
Timing of forum non conveniens motion	44	(1)
Transfer of Venue in the Federal Court System	44	(7)
Overview of transfer	44	(1)
Federal courts only	44	(1)
Transferee court must be proper	44	(1)
Transfers from a court with venue and personal jurisdiction --- §1404	44	(1)
Transferor court must be proper	44	(1)
Who may move	44	(1)
No time limit	44	(1)
Discretionary	44	(1)
Factors	45	(1)
Governing law	45	(1)
Transfer from improper court	45	(1)
Common principles	45	(1)
Transfer when venue improper --- §1406(a)	46	(1)
Transfer when personal jurisdiction lacking --- §1631	46	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Venue	46	(3)
Exam Tips on Venue	49	(2)
Subject Matter Jurisdiction
Basic Principles	51	(1)
Meaning of subject matter jurisdiction	51	(1)
Jurisdiction needed for every claim	51	(1)
Independent of personal jurisdiction	51	(1)
State courts	51	(1)
Sources of federal subject matter jurisdiction	52	(1)
Constitutional limits	52	(1)
Statutes	52	(1)
Challenging Subject Matter Jurisdiction	52	(1)
Any party may challenge	52	(1)
Court may raise sua sponte	52	(1)
No time limits	52	(1)
Federal Question Jurisdiction	52	(5)
Constitutional authorization	52	(1)
State courts' hostility	52	(1)
Uniform interpretation	53	(1)
Statutory enablement	53	(1)
28 U.S.C. §1331	53	(1)
Other statutes	53	(1)
Overview of §1331	53	(1)
No amount in controversy requirement	53	(1)
Not exclusive	53	(1)
Burden	53	(1)
Sources of ``federal'' questions	53	(1)
Constitution	54	(1)
Federal law	54	(1)
Treaties	54	(1)
``Arising under''	54	(1)
Federal law creates right	54	(1)
State law with necessary federal element	54	(1)
Well-pleaded complaint rule	55	(1)
Anticipating a defense	55	(1)
Declaratory judgments	55	(1)
Not constitutional	55	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Federal Question Jurisdiction	56	(1)
Diversity Jurisdiction	57	(11)
Constitutional authorization	57	(1)
Statutory enablement	57	(1)
Not exclusive statute	57	(1)
Rationale for diversity	57	(1)
Abolishing diversity	57	(1)
Overview of §1332	57	(1)
Basic statutory requirements	57	(1)
Not exclusive	57	(1)
When diversity determined	57	(1)
Burden of establishing	57	(1)
Exceptions to diversity	57	(1)
Complete diversity requirement	58	(1)
Source of rule	58	(1)
Application in multiparty case	58	(1)
Not a constitutional requirement	58	(1)
Realignment of parties	58	(1)
``Citizenship'' of individuals and domicile	59	(1)
Basic test	59	(1)
Domicile	59	(1)
Citizenship of corporations and other special parties	60	(1)
Corporations	60	(1)
Partnerships and other unincorporated associations	61	(1)
Insurance companies	61	(1)
Representatives	61	(1)
Trusts	61	(1)
Alienage jurisdiction	62	(1)
``Citizen or subject'' of a foreign state	62	(1)
Domicile usually irrelevant	62	(1)
Dual citizens	62	(1)
Mixing U.S. citizens and foreign citizens	62	(1)
Pure alienage not covered	62	(1)
Amount in controversy	62	(1)
Increases	62	(1)
Sums included	63	(1)
Measured by complaint	63	(1)
Nonmonetary relief	63	(1)
Aggregation	63	(1)
Attempts to skirt the requirements of §1332	64	(1)
Manufacturing diversity	64	(1)
Destroying diversity	64	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Diversity Jurisdiction	65	(3)
Supplemental Jurisdiction	68	(5)
Overview and terminology	68	(1)
Diversity or federal question	68	(1)
Exception	68	(1)
History	68	(1)
Pre-1990 law	68	(1)
Current statute	68	(1)
Applying §1367	68	(1)
Relationship test	68	(1)
Exceptions	69	(2)
Quiz Yourself on Supplemental Jurisdiction	71	(2)
Removal of Cases from State Court to Federal Court	73	(12)
Transfer distinguished	73	(1)
Governing law	73	(1)
Nonremovable cases	73	(1)
Application of §1441	73	(1)
Entire case	73	(1)
Defendants	73	(1)
District courts have original jurisdiction	73	(1)
Removal based on federal question	73	(1)
Removal based on diversity	74	(1)
Removal based on supplemental jurisdiction	75	(1)
Removal of separate and independent claims	75	(1)
Place to which case removed	75	(1)
Procedure in removal	75	(1)
Notice	75	(1)
Timing	76	(1)
Procedure after removal	76	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Subject Matter Jurisdiction	77	(4)
Exam Tips on Subject Matter Jurisdiction	81	(4)
The Erie Doctrine
Overview of Erie	85	(1)
Three categories of Erie issues	85	(1)
No federal positive law	85	(1)
Federal rules	86	(1)
Federal statute	86	(1)
Conflicts	86	(1)
The Erie Decision	86	(2)
Historical background	86	(1)
Rules of Decision Act	86	(1)
Swift	86	(1)
Erie	87	(1)
Facts	87	(1)
Clash of laws	87	(1)
Holding	87	(1)
Rationale	87	(1)
Constitutional underpinnings of Erie	87	(1)
Applicable provision	87	(1)
Constitutional argument	87	(1)
Applying Erie in the Absence of Federal Positive Law	88	(4)
Guaranty Trust and the ``procedural'' exception	88	(1)
Statute of limitations vs. laches	88	(1)
Procedural exception	88	(1)
Outcome determinative test	88	(1)
Problems with analysis	88	(1)
Redefining procedure	88	(1)
Byrd and balancing	89	(1)
Hanna and forum-shopping	89	(1)
Choice of law	90	(1)
Erie and choice of law	90	(1)
State jurisdiction irrelevant	90	(1)
Judge-jury determinations	90	(1)
Byrd	91	(1)
Gasperini	91	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Applying Erie to Judge-Made Law	91	(1)
Clashes Between the Federal Rules and State Law	92	(4)
Federal rules defined	92	(1)
Common source of rules	93	(1)
Supremacy	93	(1)
Overview of analysis	93	(1)
``Valid'' and ``applicable''	93	(1)
Three-step analysis	93	(1)
Determining the applicability of a federal rule	93	(1)
Walker	93	(1)
Semtek	93	(1)
Does the federal rule clash with state law?	94	(1)
Determining the validity of a federal rule	94	(1)
Limits established by Rea	94	(1)
Presumption of validity	94	(1)
Forum-shopping irrelevant	95	(1)
Examples	95	(1)
Federal Statutes	96	(2)
Is statute valid?	96	(1)
Does statute apply?	96	(1)
Does statute clash with state law?	96	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Applying Erie When There is a Federal Rule or Statute	96	(2)
Federal Substantive Common Law	98	(5)
Where substantive federal common law exists	98	(1)
Characteristics of modern federal common law	98	(1)
Quiz Yourself on The Erie Doctrine	98	(3)
Exam Tips on The Erie Doctrine	101	(2)
Litigation and Its Alternatives
Remedies	103	(3)
Substitutionary remedies	103	(1)
Generally	103	(1)
Compensatory damages	104	(1)
Liquidated, statutory, and multiple damages	104	(1)
Punitive damages	104	(1)
Specific remedies	105	(1)
Enforcement	105	(1)
Types of specific remedies	105	(1)
Equity	105	(1)
Injunctions	106	(1)
Declaratory relief	106	(1)
Statutory source	106	(1)
Special problems	106	(1)
Provisional Remedies	106	(4)
Nature	106	(1)
Primary types	106	(1)
Preliminary injunction	107	(1)
Temporary restraining order	107	(1)
Pretrial attachment	108	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Remedies and Provisional Remedies	109	(1)
Attorneys' Fees	110	(1)
American rule	110	(1)
Funding attorneys' fees	110	(1)
Insurance	110	(1)
Contingent fees	110	(1)
Pro bono and public interest lawyers	111	(1)
Fee-shifting	111	(1)
Contractual fee-shifting	111	(1)
Statutory fee-shifting	111	(1)
Common fund and class actions	111	(1)
Judicial Management of Litigation	111	(2)
Discovery conference	111	(1)
Dismissals and defaults	112	(1)
Involuntary dismissal of plaintiff's case	112	(1)
Default judgments	112	(1)
Pretrial conference	112	(1)
The conference	112	(1)
Order	112	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Costs and Control of Litigation	113	(1)
Alternatives to Litigation	113	(7)
Settlement	113	(1)
Mediation	114	(1)
Mediator lacks authority	114	(1)
Required mediation	114	(1)
Arbitration	114	(1)
Binding vs. nonbinding arbitration	114	(1)
Contract	114	(1)
Arbitration process	114	(1)
Judicial review of arbitration	115	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Litigation and Its Alternatives	115	(2)
Exam Tips on Litigation and Its Alternatives	117	(3)
Pleading
Historical Development of Pleading	120	(1)
Common law pleading	120	(1)
Purpose of pleading	120	(1)
Highly formalistic	120	(1)
Historical significance	120	(1)
Code pleading	120	(1)
Purpose	120	(1)
Facts, not law	120	(1)
Pleading under the federal rules of civil procedure	120	(1)
Purpose	121	(1)
Both facts and laws	121	(1)
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Pleading --- Overview	121	(2)
Pleadings allowed	121	(1)
Pleadings between plaintiff and defendant	121	(1)
Pleadings in cases involving additional parties	121	(1)
Forms of pleadings	121	(1)
Case information	121	(1)
Separating allegations	122	(1)
Exhibits	122	(1)
Motions	122	(1)
Requirements	122	(1)
Hearing	122	(1)
Modern Pleading---Claims for Relief	123	(4)
Applies to all claims	123	(1)
Contents of complaint	123	(1)
Jurisdiction	123	(1)
Federal question	123	(1)
Diversity of citizenship	123	(1)
Supplemental jurisdiction	123	(1)
Statement of the claim	123	(1)
Basic standard	123	(1)
Pleadings construed to do justice	123	(1)
Legal conclusions	124	(1)
Legal theories	124	(1)
Interplay between pleading and discovery	124	(1)
Inconsistency	124	(1)
Elevated pleading standards	124	(1)
Fraud and mistake	124	(1)
Special damages	124	(1)
Other issues	124	(1)
Pleading special matters	124	(1)
Capacity	125	(1)
Conditions precedent	125	(1)
Official documents and acts	125	(1)
Judgment of other court	125	(1)
Prayer for relief	125	(1)
Different types allowed	125	(1)
Prayer nonbinding	125	(1)
Quiz Yourself on the Complaint	125	(2)
Modern Pleading---Defendant's Response to the Complaint	127	(10)
Pre-answer motions	127	(1)
General considerations concerning pre-answer motions	127	(1)
Rule 12(b) defenses	127	(1)
The Rule 12(b) (6) defense	128	(1)
Other challenges to ambiguous or objectionable complaints	128	(1)
Timing of pre-answer motions and waiver of defenses	129	(1)
The answer	130	(1)
Rules not limited to the defendant	130	(1)
Time for filing the answer	130	(1)
Denials and admissions	131	(1)
Defenses	132	(2)
Heightened pleading standards, special matters	134	(1)
Counterclaims, cross-claims, and third-party claims	134	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Responding the Complaint	135	(2)
Amendments to the Pleadings	137	(3)
When permission of the court is required	137	(1)
Before responsive pleading served	137	(1)
Twenty days after pleading served	137	(1)
Obtaining court permission	137	(1)
Amending during or after trial	137	(1)
Relation back of amendments	137	(1)
Affects statute of limitations	137	(1)
Relation back unrelated to need for court permission	138	(1)
When amendments adding claims relate back	138	(1)
When amendments changing parties relate back	138	(1)
Other changes to the pleadings	139	(1)
Amendments to conform to the evidence	139	(1)
Supplemental pleadings	139	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Amendments to the Pleadings	139	(1)
Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings	140	(1)
Timing	140	(1)
Standard	141	(1)
When used	141	(1)
Ethical Limitations on Pleadings, Motions, and Other Arguments	141	(11)
Signing requirement	141	(1)
Documents governed	141	(1)
Who must sign	141	(1)
Required information	141	(1)
Effect of failure to sign	141	(1)
Representations made to court	141	(1)
Acts constituting certification	142	(1)
Certification made	142	(1)
Sanctions	143	(1)
Process	143	(1)
Persons subject to sanctions	144	(1)
Sanctions allowed	144	(1)
Determining appropriate sanction	144	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Pleading	145	(3)
Exam Tips on Pleading	148	(4)
Discovery
Overview of Discovery	152	(1)
Increased emphasis on discovery	152	(1)
Mandatory disclosures	152	(1)
Discovery methods	152	(1)
Broad scope	152	(1)
Certification of discovery	152	(1)
Standard for Discovery	152	(2)
Applies to ordinary discovery	152	(1)
Relevance	152	(1)
Relevance defined	152	(1)
Relevance to party's claim	153	(1)
Need not be admissible at trial	153	(1)
Financial information	153	(1)
Privileges	153	(1)
Common privileges	154	(1)
Governing law in federal court	154	(1)
Privileges absolute	154	(1)
Claiming privilege	154	(1)
Sequence of Discovery	154	(2)
Discovery conference	154	(1)
Discovery plan	154	(1)
Prerequisite to discovery	155	(1)
Initial disclosures	155	(1)
Party-initiated discovery	155	(1)
Pretrial disclosures	155	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Scope and Sequence of Discovery	155	(1)
Discovery Methods	156	(10)
Mandatory disclosures	156	(1)
Background and overview	156	(1)
Initial disclosures	157	(1)
Pretrial disclosures	157	(1)
Overview of methods of obtaining information from others	158	(1)
When discovery may commence	158	(1)
Choice of methods	158	(1)
Informal information gathering not barred	158	(1)
Depositions	158	(1)
Who may be deposed	158	(1)
Limit on availability	158	(1)
How initiated	158	(1)
Deposition procedure	159	(1)
Special depositions	160	(1)
Interrogatories	161	(1)
Availability	161	(1)
Limit on number	161	(1)
Answers	161	(1)
Inspection of documents and things	162	(1)
When available	162	(1)
Procedure	162	(1)
Other parties	162	(1)
Requests for admission	162	(1)
When available	162	(1)
What may be requested	162	(1)
Process	163	(1)
Physical and mental examinations	163	(1)
When available	163	(1)
Court order required	163	(1)
Particulars concerning the exam	164	(1)
Examiner's report	164	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Discovery Methods	164	(2)
Policy-Based Limitations on Discovery	166	(5)
Protective orders	166	(1)
Proper court	166	(1)
Informal discussion as prerequisite	166	(1)
Reasonableness standard	166	(1)
Privacy	166	(1)
Highly personal matters	166	(1)
Trade secrets	167	(1)
Limits designed to protect the adversarial process-overview	167	(1)
Privilege distinguished	167	(1)
Claiming protection	167	(1)
Work product	167	(1)
History	167	(1)
Purposes of work product rule	167	(1)
Overview of Rule 26(b) (3)	168	(1)
Work product	168	(1)
When work product can be discovered	168	(1)
Expert information	169	(1)
Expert defined	169	(1)
Testifying expert	170	(1)
Nontestifying expert	170	(1)
Costs	170	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Policy Limits on Discovery	170	(1)
Supplementing Disclosures and Responses	171	(1)
Only parties	171	(1)
Court-ordered supplementation	172	(1)
Supplementing disclosures	172	(1)
Supplementing other discovery	172	(1)
Types of discovery that must be supplemented	172	(1)
When supplementation required	172	(1)
Preventing Discovery Abuse	172	(9)
Signing of discovery	172	(1)
What must be signed	172	(1)
Who signs	172	(1)
Effect of signing	172	(1)
Violation of rule	173	(1)
Rule 11 not applicable	173	(1)
Compelling discovery	173	(1)
Proper court	173	(1)
Must attempt to negotiate	173	(1)
Compelling disclosure or discovery	173	(1)
Sanctions for unsuccessful motion	173	(1)
Order, additional sanctions	173	(1)
Sanctions for disobeying order	174	(1)
Specific sanctions	175	(1)
Failure to attend depositions	175	(1)
Failure to answer question at deposition	175	(1)
Failure to disclose or supplement	175	(1)
Failure to admit	176	(1)
Discovery plan	176	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Discovery	176	(2)
Exam Tips on Discovery	178	(3)
Resolution Before Trial
Settlement	181	(1)
Judicial approval usually unnecessary	181	(1)
Termination of case	181	(1)
Postjudgment settlement	181	(1)
Barring later actions	182	(1)
Settlement agreement	182	(1)
Voluntary dismissal	182	(1)
Consent degree	182	(1)
No subject matter jurisdiction	182	(1)
Confidentiality provision	182	(1)
Default	182	(3)
Two stages	182	(1)
Entry of default	182	(1)
Not only defendants	182	(1)
Who enters	182	(1)
``Plead or otherwise defend''	182	(1)
Exception --- sanction defaults	183	(1)
Notice	183	(1)
Effect of entry of default	183	(1)
Default judgment	183	(1)
Who enters judgment	183	(1)
Motion required	184	(1)
Hearing	184	(1)
Notice of hearing	184	(1)
Limit on default judgment	184	(1)
Challenging defaults and default judgments	184	(1)
Entry	184	(1)
Default judgment	184	(1)
Involuntary Dismissal	185	(1)
Grounds	185	(1)
Failure to prosecute	185	(1)
Failure to comply with rules or court order	185	(1)
Effect of dismissal	185	(1)
Basic rule	186	(1)
Important exception in federal courts	186	(1)
Application of rule	186	(1)
Voluntary Dismissal	186	(3)
How case dismissed	186	(1)
By notice	187	(1)
By stipulation	187	(1)
By court order	187	(1)
Effect of dismissal on refiling	187	(1)
By stipulation or court order	187	(1)
By plaintiff	187	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Settlements, Defaults, and Dismissals	188	(1)
Summary Judgment	189	(10)
Other procedures distinguished	189	(1)
Judgment on the pleadings	189	(1)
Judgment as a matter of law	189	(1)
Procedure	189	(1)
Types of summary judgment	189	(1)
Who can move	189	(1)
Form of motion	189	(1)
Material accompanying motion	190	(1)
Timing	190	(1)
Response by opposing party	190	(1)
Hearing	190	(1)
Standard for summary judgment	190	(1)
Basic principles	190	(1)
No genuine issue of material fact	191	(3)
Movant entitled to judgment	194	(1)
The judgment	194	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Resolution Before Trial	194	(3)
Exam Tips on Resolution Before Trial	197	(2)
Determining the Trier
Right to a Jury Trial in Federal Court	199	(7)
Seventh Amendment	199	(1)
Preserves, not creates, right	199	(1)
Applies only to civil cases	199	(1)
Applies to issues, not to entire case	200	(1)
Not only source of right	200	(1)
Amendment never bars jury	200	(1)
Amendment does not apply to states	200	(1)
Features preserved by the Amendment	200	(1)
Size	200	(1)
Unanimity	200	(1)
Demand	200	(1)
Application of the Seventh Amendment --- an overview	200	(1)
Different systems	201	(1)
Jury at law	201	(1)
Exchequer and admiralty	201	(1)
Law vs. Equity	201	(1)
Application of analysis to new claims	202	(1)
Two-part test	202	(1)
Application of analysis to new procedures	203	(1)
New remedies	203	(1)
Effects of the merger of Law and Equity	203	(1)
Agency adjudication	204	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Seventh Amendment Right to a Jury	205	(1)
Selecting Jurors	206	(6)
Overview	206	(1)
Selecting the pool	206	(1)
Selecting the panel	207	(1)
Selecting the jury pool	207	(1)
State courts	207	(1)
Federal courts	207	(1)
Constitutional restrictions in determining universe of jurors	208	(1)
Selection of pool	209	(1)
Excluding jurors, formation of the panel	209	(1)
Stages	209	(1)
Who conducts questioning	209	(1)
Challenges for cause	209	(1)
Peremptory challenges	209	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Juror Selection	210	(2)
Disqualification of Judges for Bias and Other Grounds	212	(7)
Federal court	212	(1)
No significant differences	212	(1)
Grounds for disqualification	212	(1)
State courts	213	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Determining the Trier	213	(3)
Exam Tips on Determining the Trier	216	(3)
The Trial
Preventing Improper Influence on the Jury	219	(2)
Rules of evidence	219	(1)
Relevant evidence	220	(1)
Hearsay evidence	220	(1)
Judicial notice	220	(1)
Juror experimentation	220	(1)
Before trial	220	(1)
During trial	220	(1)
Attorney misconduct	220	(1)
Instructions	220	(1)
Drafting the instructions	221	(1)
Objections	221	(1)
Judicial commentary	221	(1)
Judgment as a Matter of Law	221	(2)
When available	221	(1)
Terminology	221	(1)
Timing of preverdict JML motion	221	(1)
Timing of postverdict JML motion	221	(1)
Preverdict JML motion as prerequisite to postverdict JML	221	(1)
New trial motion as alternative	222	(1)
Standard	222	(1)
Preverdict and postverdict compared	222	(1)
Summary judgment compared	222	(1)
Applying the standard	222	(1)
Basic principles	222	(1)
The problem of inferences	223	(1)
The importance of the burden of production	223	(1)
New Trials	223	(8)
Basic principles	223	(1)
Timing	223	(1)
New trials under rule 60(b)	223	(1)
Two categories of new trial	223	(1)
New trial to cure erroneous jury verdicts	224	(1)
Standard	224	(1)
JML compared	224	(1)
Combined JML/new trial motion	224	(1)
New trial to cure procedural defects	225	(1)
Prejudice required	225	(1)
Objection usually required	225	(1)
Common situations	225	(1)
Use of juror testimony to prove procedural error	225	(1)
Partial and conditional new trials	226	(1)
Partial new trials	226	(1)
Conditional new trials	226	(1)
Quiz Yourself on the Trial	227	(2)
Exam Tips on the Trial	229	(2)
Appeals
Determining What Issues May be Appealed	231	(2)
Adversity	231	(1)
Need to raise issue to trial court	232	(1)
Legal theories	232	(1)
Objections to procedural mistakes	232	(1)
Harmless error	232	(1)
Timing of the Appeal	233	(6)
Final decision rule	233	(1)
Jurisdictional	233	(1)
Appeals not covered by §1291	233	(1)
Final decision defined	233	(1)
Practical importance of finality	233	(1)
Exceptions to the final decision rule	234	(1)
Final resolution of discrete portion of case under Rule 54(b)	234	(1)
Injunctions and other orders	235	(1)
Certification under §1292(b)	235	(1)
Certification of class actions	235	(1)
Mandamus and prohibition	235	(1)
Practical finality	236	(2)
Quiz Yourself on Appealability, the Final Judgement Rule, and Exceptions	238	(1)
Scope of Appellate Review	239	(6)
Issues of law	239	(1)
Issues of fact	239	(1)
Clearly erroneous standard applied	239	(1)
Mixed law and fact	239	(1)
Documentary evidence	239	(1)
Issues within discretion of the trial judge	240	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Appeals	240	(2)
Exam Tips on Appeals	242	(3)
Respect for Judgments
Claim Preclusion	245	(8)
Overview	246	(1)
Policies	246	(1)
Terminology	246	(1)
Basic standard	246	(1)
Plaintiffs barred	246	(1)
Barring claims	246	(1)
Claims brought in action #1	246	(1)
Claims that were not brought in action #1	247	(1)
Barring defenses	248	(1)
Compulsory counterclaims	248	(1)
Common law rule	248	(1)
Other issues in claim preclusion	249	(1)
Same parties --- the problem of privity	249	(1)
Final judgment on the merits	250	(1)
Jurisdictional issues	251	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Claim Preclusion	251	(2)
Issue Preclusion	253	(7)
Overview	253	(1)
Basic analysis	253	(1)
No merger	253	(1)
Same issue	253	(1)
Differences in burden of persuasion	253	(1)
Series of related obligations or events	254	(1)
Actually litigated	254	(1)
Actually decided	254	(1)
Analysis	254	(1)
Types of decisions	255	(1)
Necessary to the judgment	255	(1)
When problem arises	255	(1)
Different from ``actually decided''	255	(1)
No clear rule	256	(1)
Parties benefited and burdened	256	(1)
Traditional rule	256	(1)
``Indemnity circle'' exception	256	(1)
Relaxation of mutuality requirement	256	(2)
Quiz Yourself on Issue Preclusion	258	(2)
Limits on Preclusion	260	(1)
Exceptions to claim preclusion	260	(1)
A suit in another state to collect on a judgment	260	(1)
First court lacked subject matter jurisdiction over an omitted claim	260	(1)
By agreement	260	(1)
Fairness requires	260	(1)
Exceptions to issue preclusion	260	(1)
No review availiable	260	(1)
Intervening change	260	(1)
Procedural advantages	260	(1)
Burden of persuation greater	261	(1)
Against public interest	261	(1)
No incentive	261	(1)
Full Faith and Credit	261	(1)
Governing law	261	(1)
State-federal issues	261	(1)
Foreign judgments	261	(1)
What full faith and credit requires	261	(1)
Governing law	261	(1)
Giving More preclusive effect	262	(1)
Scope of full faith and credit	262	(1)
Orders affecting title to real property	262	(1)
Lack of jurisdiction	262	(1)
Divorce	262	(1)
Other Issues in Preclusion	262	(7)
Reopening judgments	263	(1)
Grounds for reopening judgment	263	(1)
Relief very rare	263	(1)
Time limits	263	(1)
Independent action for relief	263	(1)
Law of the case	263	(1)
Basic rule	264	(1)
Limits	264	(1)
Judicial estoppel	264	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Respect for Judgments	264	(3)
Exam Tips on Respect for Judgments	267	(2)
Joinder of Claims and Parties
Joinder of Claims Against Current Parties	269	(3)
Adding claims to original claim, counterclaim, or cross-claim	269	(1)
Not applicable to first claim	269	(1)
No relationship required	270	(1)
Jurisdictional limits	270	(1)
Alternate claims allowable	270	(1)
Counterclaims	270	(1)
Permissive counterclaims	270	(1)
Compulsory counterclaims	270	(1)
Counterclaims by plaintiffs and others	271	(1)
Cross-claims	271	(1)
Same transaction test	271	(1)
Always voluntary	271	(1)
Cross-claims vs. counterclaims	271	(1)
Joinder of Parties	272	(16)
Multiple plaintiffs and defendants	272	(1)
Parties joining as plaintiffs	272	(1)
Parties joined as defendants	273	(1)
Adding parties to counterclaims and cross-claims	273	(1)
Third party claims (impleader)	273	(1)
Terminology	273	(1)
When impleader available	273	(2)
Additional impleader	275	(1)
Special service rules	275	(1)
Venue	275	(1)
Procedure after successful impleader	275	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Basic Joinder of Claims and Parties	276	(1)
Compulsory joinder	277	(1)
Primarily a defense	277	(1)
Development of doctrine	278	(1)
Rule 19	278	(3)
Quiz Yourself on Compulsory Joinder	281	(1)
Intervention	282	(1)
Permissive intervention	282	(1)
Intervention by right	283	(1)
Interpleader	284	(1)
Overview	284	(1)
Two types of interpleader	284	(1)
Common features of rule and statutory interpleader	285	(1)
Rule interpleader	285	(1)
Statutory interpleader	285	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Intervention and Interpleader	286	(2)
Severance	288	(1)
No real difference	288	(1)
When severance granted	288	(1)
Effect of severance	288	(1)
Consolidation of Actions	288	(1)
Jurisdiction Issues in Joinder	288	(11)
Personal jurisdiction	288	(1)
Subject matter jurisdiction	288	(1)
Basic rule	288	(1)
Federal question and diversity	288	(1)
Supplemental jurisdiction	289	(2)
Quiz Yourself on Joinder	291	(4)
Exam Tips on Joinder	295	(4)
Class Actions
Overview of the Class Action	299	(1)
Governing rule	299	(1)
Judicial control	300	(1)
Need judicial approval to proceed	300	(1)
Need judicial approval to settle	300	(1)
Variations	300	(1)
Defendant class	300	(1)
Subclasses	300	(1)
Class action limited to particular issues	300	(1)
Constitutional Concerns with Representational Litigation	300	(4)
Due process	300	(1)
Property	300	(1)
Providing due process	300	(1)
Notice and opportunity to be heard	301	(1)
Facts of Hansberry	301	(1)
Supreme Court holding	301	(1)
Personal jurisdiction	302	(1)
Facts	302	(1)
Supreme Court holding	302	(1)
Limits of holding	302	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Constitutional Issues in Class Actions	303	(1)
Requirements of Rule 23	304	(7)
Overview of Rule 23	304	(1)
Absent certification	304	(1)
Two-step process	304	(1)
Is dispute appropriate for class action?	304	(1)
Numerosity	304	(1)
Commonality	305	(1)
Typicality	305	(1)
Adequacy	305	(1)
Which category of class action?	305	(1)
Rule 23(b) (1) --- Numerous necessary parties	306	(1)
Rule 23(b) (2) --- Injunctive or declaratory relief	306	(1)
Rule 23(b) (3) --- The ``damages'' class action	306	(2)
Procedure after certification	308	(1)
Notice and opt out	308	(1)
Additional procedures	309	(1)
Settlement of class action	309	(1)
Notice	309	(1)
Court approval	309	(1)
The ``settlement class action''	309	(1)
Judgment in class action	309	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Application of Rule 23	310	(1)
Other Issues in Class Actions	311	(2)
Subject matter jurisdiction in federal court	311	(1)
Federal question	311	(1)
Diversity	311	(1)
Supplemental jurisdiction	312	(1)
Attorneys' fees	313	(1)
Paid from fund	313	(1)
Court approval	313	(1)
Other Examples of Representational Litigation	313	(6)
Shareholders' derivative actions	313	(1)
Corporation as plaintiff?	313	(1)
Not through officers or directors	313	(1)
Stockholder sues instead	313	(1)
Action by member of unincorporated association	313	(1)
Requirements of Rule 23.1	313	(1)
Unincorporated associations	313	(1)
One or more representative parties	314	(1)
Fairly and adequately protect interests	314	(1)
Other protections	314	(1)
Quiz Yourself on Class Actions	314	(2)
Exam Tips on Class Actions	316	(3)
Essay Exam Questions	319	(4)
Essay Exam Answers	323	(6)
Table of Cases	329	(2)
Table of Statutes and Rules	331	(2)
Subject Matter Index	333