The Civil War and Reconstruction: A Documentary Collection

by GIENAPP, WILLIAM E.

• ISBN13: 9780393975550
• ISBN10: 039397555X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-02-07
• Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company

Summary

Particular attention is paid to social history; coverage ofthe experience of African Americans, women, and non-elites provides awell-rounded picture of the period. Substantial selections, carefulediting, and helpful annotations make this collection an idealsupplement for your course on the Civil War and Reconstruction.

Author Biography

William E. Gienapp is professor of history at Harvard University and a specialist in the sectional conflict and the Civil War-Reconstruction era.

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
Part 1: The Sectional Conflict
The North and South Contrasted
The Rush of Life in New York City (1857)	3	(1)
Aleksandr Borisovich Lakier
Anonymous, the Manufacturing City of Lowell (1847)	4	(1)
I Will Be Heard (1831)	5	(2)
William Lloyd Garrison
Declaration of Sentiments of the American Anti-Slavery Convention (1833)	7	(2)
The South's Lack of a Spirit of Progress (1861)	9	(2)
Frederick Law Olmsted
We Are an Agricultural People (1861)	11	(1)
Louis T. Wigfall
Slavery Impedes the Progress and Prosperity of the South (1857)	12	(2)
Hinton Rowan Helper
Why Non-Slaveholders Should Support Slavery (1861)	14	(2)
J. D. B. De Bow
Anonymous, A Traveler Describes the Lives of Non-Slaveholders in Georgia (1849)	16	(2)
Slavery is the Cause of Civilization (1838)	18	(3)
William Harper
The New Orleans Slave Mart (1853)	21	(2)
Solomon Northup
Frederick Douglass Fights a Slave-Breaker (1845)	23	(4)
The House Dividing
I Plead the Cause of White Freemen (1847)	27	(1)
David Wilmot
The South is at Your Mercy (1847)	28	(1)
Howell Cobb
The Cords of Union Are Snapping One by One (1850)	29	(2)
John C. Calhoun
I Speak Today for the Preservation of the Union (1850)	31	(2)
Daniel Webster
Appeal of the Independent Democrats (1854)	33	(2)
New York Times, the Causes of the Know-Nothing Movement (1854)	35	(2)
Mobile Register, the South Asks Only for Equal Rights in the Territories (1856)	37	(1)
New York Evening, Are We Too Slaves? (1856)	38	(2)
Richmond Enquirer, They Must Be Lashed into Submission (1856)	40	(1)
Rules against Dred Scott (1857)	41	(2)
Chief Justice Roger B. Taney
Dissents in the Dred Scott Case (1857)	43	(3)
Associate Justice Benjamin R. Curtis
Cotton is King (1858)	46	(1)
James Henry Hammond
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)	47	(4)
The Freeport Doctrine (1858)	51	(1)
Addresses the Court (1859)	52	(1)
John Brown
Richmond Enquirer, the Harpers Ferry Invasion Has Advanced the Cause of Disunion (1859)	53	(1)
I Have Seen Nothing Like the Intensity of Feeling (1859)	54	(3)
Charles Eliot Norton
The Road to War
The South Must Strike while There is Yet Time (1860)	57	(1)
Robert Toombs
Lincoln's Election Does Not Justify Secession (1860)	58	(2)
Alexander H. Stephens
South Carolina Justifies Secession (1860)	60	(2)
I Hold That the Union is Perpetual (1861)	62	(3)
Abraham Lincoln
The Outbreak of War Galvanizes New York City (1861)	65	(2)
George Templeton Strong
The Popular Mood in Charleston at the Start of the Civil War (1861)	67	(4)
William Howard Russell
Part 2: The Civil War
The War Begins
Slavery is the Cornerstone of the Confederacy (1861)	71	(1)
Alexander H. Stephens
Our Cause is Just (1861)	72	(2)
Jefferson Davis
This is a People's Contest (1861)	74	(2)
Abraham Lincoln
The Resources of the Union and the Confederacy (1861)	76	(1)
Calls for Troops (1861)	77	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Institutes a Blockade of the Confederacy (1861)	78	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Kentucky Declares Its Neutrality (1861)	79	(1)
The Raccoon Roughs Go to War (1903)	80	(1)
John B. Gordon
The London Times Foresees a Confederate Victory in the War (1861)	81	(2)
The Military Struggle, 1861--1862
The Anaconda Plan (1861)	83	(1)
Winfield Scott
The Most Shameful Rout You Can Conceive Of (1861)	84	(2)
Lyman Trumbull
I Have Become the Power in the Land (1861)	86	(1)
George McClellan
The President is Nothing More Than a Well Meaning Baboon (1861)	87	(1)
George McClellan
Explains His Ideas on Military Strategy (1862)	88	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
An lowa Soldier ``Sees the Elephant'' at Shiloh (1862)	89	(3)
Cyrus F. Boyd
I Gave Up All Idea of Saving the Union Except by Complete Conquest (1885)	92	(1)
Ulysses S. Grant
But You Must Act (1862)	93	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
You Have Done Your Best to Sacrifice This Army (1862)	94	(1)
George McClellan
The War Should Be Conducted upon the Highest Principles of Christian Civilization (1862)	95	(2)
George McClellan
Adopts Harsher Policies against Southern Civilians (1862)	97	(2)
John Pope
Authorizes the Army to Seize Private Property in the Confederacy (1862)	99	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Proposes to Invade the North (1862)	100	(1)
Robert E. Lee
General Edward Alexander Criticizes Lee at Antietam (1899)	101	(2)
The Most Dreadful Slaughter (1890)	103	(2)
Rufus R. Dawes
Harper's Weekly, Northern Despair after the Battle of Fredericksburg (1862)	105	(2)
The Naval War
The Monitor Challenges the Merrimack (1862)	107	(1)
G. J. Van Burnt
The United States Navy Blockades the Confederacy (1898)	108	(3)
Horatio Wait
Aboard a Blockade-Runner (1896)	111	(4)
Thomas Taylor
Union Politics, 1861-1862
Encounters the Contrabands (1892)	115	(2)
Benjamin F. Butler
The Crittenden Resolution Defines Union War Aims (1861)	117	(1)
Cast Off the Mill-Stone (1861)	117	(2)
Frederick Douglass
To Lose Kentucky is to Lose the Whole Game (1861)	119	(2)
Abraham Lincoln
A Democratic Congressman Attacks Emancipation (1862)	121	(3)
Samuel S. Cox
Supports for Emancipation is Increasing (1862)	124	(1)
John Sherman
I Would Save the Union (1862)	125	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Harper's Weekly Gauges the Northern Response to Emancipation (1862)	126	(1)
New York Times, the 1862 Elections Are a Repudiation of the Administration's Conduct of the War (1862)	127	(2)
Replies to a Republican Critic after the 1862 Elections (1862)	129	(2)
Abraham Lincoln
Confederate Politics, 1861-1863
Governor Joseph Brown Obstructs Conscription in Georgia (1862)	131	(1)
The Twenty Negro Law (1862)	132	(1)
A Georgia Soldier Condemns the Exemption of Slaveholders (1862)	133	(2)
An Atlanta Paper Defends the Exemption of Slaveholders (1862)	135	(1)
Defends His Policies (1862)	136	(2)
Jefferson Davis
Richmond Examiner, A Richmond Paper Calls for a Tax-in-Kind (1863)	138	(2)
A Richmond Editor Denounces Davis's Leadership (1869)	140	(3)
Edward Pollard
Diplomacy
Anonymous, Southerners' Faith in King Cotton Diplomacy (1861)	143	(1)
The Trent Affair Has Almost Wrecked Us (1862)	144	(1)
Charles Francis Adams
Complains of Europe's Refusal to Recognize the Confederacy (1863)	145	(1)
Jefferson Davis
This is War (1863)	145	(2)
Charles Francis Adams
The Military Struggle, 1863
Counsels General Joseph Hooker (1863)	147	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
The Character of the War Has Very Much Changed (1863)	148	(1)
Henry Halleck
Proposes to Take the Offensive (1863)	149	(2)
Robert E. Lee
A Pennsylvania Woman Encounters Lee's Army (1863)	151	(3)
Rachel Cormany
A Virginia Soldier Survives Pickett's Charge (1863)	154	(2)
John Dooley
A Connecticut Soldier Helps Repel Pickett's Charge (1863)	156	(3)
Benjamin Hirst
Anonymous, Daily Life during the Siege of Vicksburg (1863)	159	(3)
The Conduct of the Negroes Was beyond All Expression (1863)	162	(1)
Alexander S. Abrams
The Confederacy Totters to Its Destruction (1863)	163	(2)
Josiah Gorgas
Union Politics, 1863
The Emancipation Proclamation (1863)	165	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Northern Newspapers Debate the Significance of the Emancipation Proclamation (1863)	166	(2)
Harper's Weekly, the Work Done by Congress (1863)	168	(2)
One of the Worst Despotisms on Earth (1863)	170	(2)
Clement Vallandigham
I Think I Shall Be Blamed for Having Made Too Few Arrests (1863)	172	(3)
Abraham Lincoln
The Heaviest Blow Yet Dealt to the Rebellion (1863)	175	(2)
Abraham Lincoln
A New Birth of Freedom (1863)	177	(2)
Abraham Lincoln
The Union Home Front
Conscription in the Union (1866)	179	(1)
The New York Press Debates the Causes of the Draft Riots (1863)	180	(3)
Jefferson Davis Rules New York Today (1863)	183	(2)
George Templeton Strong
This Country Also Belongs to Us (1863)	185	(2)
J. W. C. Pennington
Anonymous, A Rioter Condemns the $300 Commutation Fee (1863)	187	(1)
The New York Evening Post Defends the $300 Commutation Fee (1863)	187	(2)
A Union Nurse at Gettysburg (1863)	189	(1)
Cornelia Hancock
Harper's Monthly, the Fortunes of War (1864)	190	(4)
Fincher's Trade Review, Working Women Protest Their Low Wages (1865)	194	(1)
Harper's Monthly, Wall Street in Wartime (1865)	195	(2)
The Confederate Home Front
Slavery is a Tower of Strength to the South (1861)	197	(1)
Montgomery Advertiser
Slave Owners Ought to Bear the Principal Burden of the War (1863)	198	(1)
Samuel L. Holt
``Agnes,'' A Resident Observes the Richmond Bread Riot (1863)	199	(2)
This is War, Terrible War (1862-1864)	201	(3)
John B. Jones
Phoebe Yates Pember Becomes a Hospital Matron (1879)	204	(1)
Southern Women Enter the Government Bureaucracy (1867)	205	(1)
Sally Putnam
A Confederate General Reports on Widespread Resistance to Conscription (1863)	206	(2)
Gideon J. Pillow
The War Corrodes Female Virtue (1863)	208	(1)
Daniel O'Leary
A Union Officer Marvels at the Endurance of the Southern People (1864)	209	(1)
Theodore Lyman
Until Adversity Tries Us (1861-1865)	210	(4)
Ella Gertrude Thomas
Is Anything Worth It? (1862-1865)	214	(2)
Mary Chesnut
Dear Edward (1906)	216	(1)
Mary Cooper
The Revulsion Was Sickening (1865)	217	(2)
Judith McGuire
African Americans
An Escaped Slave Writes His Wife from a Union Camp (1862)	219	(1)
John Boston
Frederick Douglass Urges Black Men to Enlist (1863)	220	(2)
A Mother Calls on the Government to Protect Black Soldiers (1863)	222	(1)
Hannah Johnson
A Union General Describes Slaves Entering the Union Lines (1863)	223	(1)
Lorenzo Thomas
The Negroes Are Worse Than Free (1863)	224	(1)
Susanna Clay
A Black Soldier Explains His Motives for Fighting (1863)	225	(1)
Isaiah H. Welch
New York Times, A Prodigious Revolution (1864)	226	(1)
Anonymous A Black Soldier Protests Unequal Pay (1864)	227	(2)
A Black Soldier Writes His Daughter's Owner (1864)	229	(1)
Spotswood Rice
The Hardship of Black Soldiers' Families (1864)	230	(1)
Rachel Ann Wicker
Mittie Freeman Meets a Yankee (1937)	231	(1)
Former Slaves Recall the End of Slavery (1937)	232	(2)
The Slave Eliza Acquires a New Name (1937)	234	(1)
Eliza Evans
Common Soldiers
The Comforts of a Soldier's Life (1929)	235	(1)
Randolph Shotwell
Hard Marching (1863)	236	(1)
Wilbur Fisk
A South Carolina Soldier Confronts His Captain (1862)	237	(1)
Samuel E. Burges
Trading with the Enemy (1863)	238	(1)
Tally Simpson
Fraternization among Soldiers of the Two Armies (1864)	239	(1)
Chauncey H. Cooke
Religious Revivals in the Confederate Army (1864)	240	(1)
T. J. Stokes
Antiblack Prejudice in the Union Ranks (1897)	241	(1)
John A. Potter
A Union Soldier's Changing Views on Emancipation (1863-1865)	242	(4)
Chauncey Welton
A Louisiana Soldier Links Slavery and Race to the Cause of the Confederacy (1862-1864)	246	(1)
Reuben A. Pierson
A Wounded Soldier Describes a Field Hospital (1863)	247	(1)
T. D. Kingsley
The Scourge of War (1862)	247	(2)
William Fisher Plane
The Military Struggle, 1864
Devises a New Union Strategy (1885)	249	(2)
Ulysses S. Grant
A Union Officer Depicts the Fury of the Fighting at Spotsylvania (1897)	251	(1)
Horace Porter
Our Numbers Are Daily Decreasing (1864)	252	(1)
Robert E. Lee
A Confederate Soldier Describes the Pressure of Fighting in the Trenches (1903)	253	(1)
Robert Stiles
War is Cruelty, and You Cannot Refine It (1864)	253	(2)
William Tecumseh Sherman
Proposes to March to the Sea (1864)	255	(1)
William Tecumseh Sherman
An Illinois Soldier Marches with Sherman to the Sea and Beyond (1864-1865)	256	(2)
James Connolly
The Heavens Were Lit with Flames (1864)	258	(3)
Dolly Lunt Burge
Union Politics, 1864
The New York Times is Amazed by the Change in Public Opinion on Slavery (1864)	261	(1)
Party Platforms in 1864	262	(3)
Events Have Controlled Me (1864)	265	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Our Bleeding Country Longs for Peace (1864)	266	(1)
Horace Greeley
Outlines His Terms for Peace (1864)	267	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
The Tide is Setting Strongly against Us (1864)	268	(2)
Henry J. Raymond
Illinois State Register, A Negotiated Peace with the Confederacy is Possible (1864)	270	(1)
New York Tribune, An Armistice Would Lead to a Southern Victory (1864)	271	(2)
The Republican and Democratic Parties' Final Appeal to the Voters (1864)	273	(2)
A Democratic Soldier Votes for Lincoln (1891)	275	(1)
J. N. Jones
The Election Was a Necessity (1864)	276	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Chicago Tribune, Lincoln's Election is a Mandate to Abolish Slavery (1864)	277	(1)
Hails the Passage of the Thirteenth Amendment (1865)	278	(3)
Abraham Lincoln
Confederate Politics, 1864-1865
Notes the Achievements of the Confederate Ordnance Bureau (1864)	281	(1)
Josiah Gorgas
Once Lost, Liberty is Lost Forever (1864)	282	(3)
Alexander H. Stephens
Richmond Examiner, We Are Fighting for Independence, Not Slavery (1864)	285	(1)
Richmond Examiner, We Prefer the Law (1864)	286	(1)
We Want No Confederacy without Slavery (1865)	287	(1)
Charleston Mercury
Richmond Enquirer, Slavery and the Cause of the Confederacy (1865)	288	(2)
Opposition and Disloyalty Are Increasing Daily (1865)	290	(3)
Howell Cobb
The End of the War
A Bleak Confederate Christmas (1864)	293	(1)
Judith McGuire
Reflects on the Situation of the Confederacy (1865)	294	(3)
Catherine Edmondston
Southerners Have Lost the Will to Resist (1865)	297	(1)
George Ward Nichols
Desertion Now is Not Dishonorable (1865)	298	(1)
Luther Mills
With Malice toward None (1865)	299	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
Bitter Tears Came in a Torrent (1865)	300	(2)
Mary A. Fontaine
Richmond's Black Residents Welcome Abraham Lincoln (1897)	302	(1)
A. W. Bartlett
An Awed Stillness (1915)	303	(2)
Joshua L. Chamberlain
Describes Lincoln's Death (1865)	305	(2)
Gideon Welles
Fires the Last Shot of the Civil War (1865)	307	(1)
Edmund Ruffin
A Confederate Soldier Reflects on the War's Cost and Significance (1865)	308	(1)
Samuel T. Foster
A Confederate Nurse Discusses the Internal Causes of the Confederacy's Defeat (1865)	309	(2)
Kate Cumming
A Confederate Official Analyzes the Causes of the Defeat of the Confederacy (1957)	311	(1)
Robert Garlick Kean
We Have No Future (1866)	312	(1)
Sarah Hine
We Have Lived a Century of Common Life (1865)	313	(1)
George Templeton Strong
New York Times, the War Touches Everything (1867)	314	(3)
Part 3: Reconstruction
Presidential Reconstruction
Vetoes the Wade-Davis Bill (1864)	317	(1)
Abraham Lincoln
The Wade-Davis Manifesto (1864)	318	(1)
Benjamin F. Wade
Henry Winter Davis
We Shall Have the Fowl Sooner by Hatching Than Smashing the Egg (1865)	319	(2)
Abraham Lincoln
Affirms the Loyalty of Southern Whites (1865)	321	(2)
Ulysses S. Grant
Questions Southern Whites' Loyalty (1865)	323	(2)
Carl Schurz
The Mississippi Black Codes (1865)	325	(3)
The Radicals Will Be Completely Foiled (1865)	328	(1)
Andrew Johnson
Petition for Suffrage (1865)	329	(1)
Virginia Blacks
Reports on the Success of His Program of Reconstruction (1865)	330	(3)
Andrew Johnson
Johnson's Clash with Congress
Designates the Southern States as Conquered Provinces (1865)	333	(2)
Thaddeus Stevens
Says Black Suffrage Will Lead to Race War in the South (1866)	335	(1)
Andrew Johnson
The Joint Committee Reports on the Status of the Former States of the Confederacy (1866)	336	(3)
Vetoes the Civil Rights Bill (1866)	339	(3)
Andrew Johnson
The Chicago Tribune Blames Johnson for the New Orleans Riot (1866)	342	(2)
Waves the Bloody Shirt (1866)	344	(2)
Oliver P. Morton
I Am Fighting Traitors in the North (1866)	346	(2)
Andrew Johnson
New York Times, the People's Verdict (1866)	348	(3)
Congressional Reconstruction
Thaddeus Stevens's Land Confiscation Bill (1867)	351	(1)
Accuses Congress of Seeking to Africanize the South (1867)	352	(3)
Andrew Johnson
The Articles of Impeachment (1868)	355	(2)
Defends Johnson in the Impeachment Trial (1868)	357	(3)
William Evarts
Appeals for Universal Suffrage (1869)	360	(2)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
A Black Congressman Complains about Unequal Treatment (1874)	362	(2)
James T. Rapier
Equal Rights and Social Equality (1874)	364	(3)
Richard Cain
Political Reconstruction in the South
Voice Their Aspirations for Equality (1867)	367	(2)
Alabama Blacks
South Carolina Democrats Protest against the New State Constitution (1868)	369	(2)
An African American Leader Instructs New Black Voters (1867)	371	(1)
R. I. Cromwell
Who is Responsible for Corruption? (1870)	372	(2)
Henry Clay Warmoth
A Defense of Carpetbaggers (1875)	374	(3)
Alexander White
Economic and Social Reconstruction
Former Slaves Are Anxious to Record Their Marriages (1865)	377	(1)
A. B. Randall
Southern Whites Have No Faith in Black Free Labor (1866)	378	(1)
Sidney Andrews
Freedpeople Complain about Their Former Owners' Attempts to Cheat Them (1865)	379	(1)
N. B. Lucas
A Freedman Writes his Former Master (1865)	380	(2)
Jourdon Anderson
The Tribulations of a Freedmen's Bureau Agent (1868)	382	(2)
John W. DeForest
New Orleans Tribune, They Are the Planter's Guards (1867)	384	(1)
The Contested Meaning of Freedom (1880)	385	(2)
Henry Adams
Planters Insist That Black Women Work in the Fields (1880)	387	(1)
Henry Adams
Two Black Workers Settle Accounts at the End of the Year (1867)	388	(1)
Mariah Baldwin
Ellen Latimer
New Orleans Tribune, A Black Newspaper Calls for Integrated Schools in New Orleans (1867)	389	(2)
A Sharecropping Contract (1886)	391	(2)
Opposition and Northern Disillusionment
Signals a Retreat from Reconstruction (1874)	393	(2)
Ulysses S. Grant
Society Turned Bottom-Side Up (1874)	395	(2)
James S. Pike
The Nation, This is Socialism (1874)	397	(3)
South Carolina Black Leaders Defend the State Government's Fiscal Record (1874)	400	(3)
Vetoes the Currency Act (1874)	403	(2)
Ulysses S. Grant
The Blaine Amendment (1875)	405	(1)
James G. Blaine
The Public is Tired of These Outbreaks in the South (1875)	406	(2)
Edwards Pierrepont
The Mississippi Plan in Action (1876)	408	(1)
James W. Lee
The Assassination of an African American Political Leader (1876)	409	(2)
Margaret Ann Caldwell
A Southern White Leader Abandons the Republican Party (1913)	411	(2)
James Lusk
The End of Reconstruction
Outlines His Southern Policy (1877)	413	(1)
Rutherford B. Hayes
Surrenders the Southern Carolina Governorship (1877)	414	(2)
Governor Daniel Chamberlain
Assesses the Mistakes of Reconstruction (1880)	416	(3)
Frederick Douglass
Appendix
1. United States Constitution	419	(10)
2. Confederate Constitution	429	(10)
Permissions Acknowledgments	439