Civilization in the West, Volume I (Chapters 1-16)

by Kishlansky, Mark; Geary, Patrick; O'Brien, Patricia

• ISBN13: 9780321105028
• ISBN10: 0321105028
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

Civilization in the West blends social and political history into a fascinating narrative that brings history to life. The authors tell a compelling story of Western Civilization that is enhanced by an image-based approach. Pictorial chapter openers draw students in by illustrating a dominant theme of the chapter and exploring the dramatic impression each image makes in reinforcing that theme. the presentation of geography guides students around the changing contours of the West through both standard maps and Geographic Tours of Europe. Discovering Western Civilization Online end-of-chapter website URLs make this the first Western Civilization book to date to include these resources.

Table of Contents

Documents	xiii
Maps and Geographical Tours	xv
Chronologies, Genealogies, and Figures	xvii
Preface	xix
Supplements	xxvii
About the Authors	xxxi
Introduction The Idea of Western Civilization	1	(2)
The First Civilizations	3	(34)
The Visual Record: Otzi's Last Meal: Tradition and Innovation in Prehistoric Europe	4	(2)
Before Civilization	6	(3)
The Dominance of Culture	7	(1)
Social Organization, Agriculture, and Religion	8	(1)
Mesopotamia: Between the Two Rivers	9	(9)
The Ramparts of Uruk	10	(2)
Tools: Technology and Writing	12	(1)
Gods and Mortals in Mesopotamia	13	(1)
Sargon and Mesopotamian Expansion	14	(2)
Hammurabi and the Old Babylonian Empire	16	(2)
The Gift of the Nile	18	(6)
Tending the Cattle of God	18	(2)
Democratization of the Afterlife	20	(1)
The Egyptian Empire	21	(2)
Religious and Royal Consolidation under Akhenaten	23	(1)
Between Two Worlds	24	(6)
The Hebrew Alternative	24	(4)
A King Like All the Nations	28	(1)
Exile	28	(2)
Nineveh and Babylon	30	(7)
The Assyrian Empire	31	(1)
The New Babylonian Empire	32	(1)
Persian Expansion	32	(2)
Questions for Review	34	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	34	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	35
A Closer Look
Discovering the Pharaohs	26
Documents
The Code of Hammurabi	17	(3)
A Homesick Egyptian	20	(9)
The Kingdom of Israel	29	(8)
Early Greece, 2500--500 B.C.E.	37	(32)
The Visual Record: Hecuba and Achilles: The Birth of Greek Civilization	38	(2)
Greece in the Bronze Age to 700 B.C.E.	40	(7)
Islands of Peace	40	(2)
Mainland of War	42	(1)
The Dark Age	43	(4)
Archaic Greece, 700--500 B.C.E.	47	(11)
Ethnos and Polis	48	(1)
Technology of Writing and Warfare	49	(1)
Colonists and Tyrants	50	(1)
Gender and Power	51	(1)
Gods and Mortals	51	(2)
Myth and Reason	53	(1)
Investigation and Speculation	54	(1)
Art and the Individual	54	(4)
A Tale of Three Cities	58	(7)
Wealthy Corinth	59	(1)
Martial Sparta	60	(3)
Democratic Athens	63	(2)
The Coming of Persia and the End of the Archaic Age	65	(4)
Questions for Review	66	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	66	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	67
A Closer Look
The Agony of Athletics	56
Documents
The Race of Iron	45	(1)
Hector and Andromache	46	(14)
Two Faces of Tyranny	60	(9)
Classical and Hellenistic Greece, 500--100 B.C.E.	69	(36)
The Visual Record: Alexander at Issus: The Spread of Greek Civilization	70	(2)
War and Politics in the Fifth Century B.C.E.	72	(9)
The Persian Wars	72	(1)
Thermopylae and Salamis	73	(1)
The Athenian Empire	74	(2)
Private and Public Life in Athens	76	(3)
Pericles and Athens	79	(1)
The Peloponnesian War	79	(2)
Athenian Culture in the Hellenic Age	81	(5)
The Examined Life	81	(1)
Understanding the Past	82	(1)
Athenian Drama	83	(2)
The Human Image	85	(1)
From City-States to Macedonian Empire, 404--323 B.C.E.	86	(7)
Politics after the Peloponnesian War	86	(1)
Philosophy and the Polis	87	(2)
The Rise of Macedon	89	(1)
The Empire of Alexander the Great	90	(3)
The Hellenistic World	93	(12)
Urban Life and Culture	93	(1)
Women in Public Life	94	(1)
Alexandria	95	(1)
Hellenistic Literature	96	(1)
Art and Architecture	96	(1)
Hellenistic Philosophy	97	(3)
Mathematics and Science	100	(1)
Questions for Review	101	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	101	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	102
A Closer Look
Technology and Innovation	98
Documents
The Two Faces of Athenian Democracy	75	(7)
Socrates the Gadfly	82	(6)
Greeks and Barbarians	88	(3)
Alexander Calls a Halt	91	(14)
Early Rome and the Roman Republic, 800--146 B.C.E.	105	(30)
The Visual Record: Eternal Rome: From Village to Empire	106	(2)
The Western Mediterranean to 509 B.C.E.	108	(5)
Merchants of Baal	108	(2)
The Western Greeks	110	(1)
Italy's First Civilization	111	(2)
From City to Empire, 509--146 B.C.E.	113	(11)
Latin Rome	113	(1)
Etruscan Rome	114	(1)
Rome and Italy	115	(4)
Rome and the Mediterranean	119	(5)
Republican Civilization	124	(5)
Farmers and Soldiers	124	(2)
The Roman Family	126	(1)
Social Effects of Expansion	126	(1)
Roman Religion	127	(1)
Republican Letters	128	(1)
The Crisis of Roman Virtue	129	(6)
Questions for Review	132	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	132	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	133
A Closer Look
Hannibal's Elephants	120
Documents
The Twelve Tables	117	(6)
Polybius Describes the Sack of New Carthage	123	(7)
Cato's Slaves	130	(5)
Imperial Rome, 146 B.C.E.--192 C.E.	135	(34)
The Visual Record: The Altar of Augustan Peace: The Making of the Roman Empire	136	(2)
The Price of Empire, 146--121 B.C.E.	138	(3)
Winners and Losers	138	(1)
Optimates and Populares	139	(2)
The End of the Republic	141	(6)
The Crisis of Government	142	(4)
A Life Worth Leading	146	(1)
The Augustan Age and the Pax Romana	147	(10)
The Empire Renewed	148	(6)
Augustus's Successors	154	(3)
Religions from the East	157	(4)
Jewish Resistance	157	(1)
The Origins of Christianity	158	(3)
Geographical Tour: A Tour of the Empire	161	(8)
The Western Provinces	162	(1)
The Eastern Provinces	163	(2)
The Culture of Antonine Rome	165	(1)
Questions for Review	166	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	167	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	168
A Closer Look
A Day in the Pax Romana	150
Documents
The Reforms of Tiberius Gracchus	141	(1)
Cicero on Justice and Reason	142	(18)
Peter Announces the Good News	160	(9)
The Transformation of the Classical World	169	(28)
The Visual Record: A Bride's Trousseau: The Synthesis of Christianity and the Classical Tradition	170	(2)
The Crisis of the Third Century	172	(5)
Enrich the Army and Scorn the Rest	172	(1)
An Empire on the Defensive	173	(1)
The Barbarian Menace	174	(2)
Roman Influence in the Barbarian World	176	(1)
The Empire Restored	177	(4)
Diocletian, the God-Emperor	177	(2)
Constantine, the Emperor of God	179	(1)
The Triumph of Christianity	180	(1)
Imperial Christianity	181	(6)
Divinity, Humanity, and Salvation	182	(2)
The Call of the Desert	184	(1)
Monastic Communities	185	(1)
Solitaries and Hermits	186	(1)
A Parting of the Ways	187	(10)
The Barbarization of the West	187	(5)
The New Barbarian Kingdoms	192	(1)
The Hellenization of the East	193	(1)
Questions for Review	194	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	194	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	195
A Closer Look
The Stainless Star of Wisdom's Discipline	188
Documents
Tacitus on the Germans	175	(6)
Religious Toleration and Persecution	181	(4)
Love in the Two Cities	185	(12)
The Classical Legacy in the East: Byzantium and Islam	197	(32)
The Visual Record: From Temple to Mosque: The Continuity of Civilization in the Eastern Mediterranean	198	(2)
The Byzantines	200	(9)
Justinian and the Creation of the Byzantine State	200	(2)
Emperors and Individuals	202	(3)
Families and Villages	205	(1)
A Foretaste of Heaven	206	(1)
Iconoclasm	207	(2)
The Rise of Islam	209	(11)
Arabia before the Prophet	209	(1)
Muhammad, Prophet of God	210	(2)
The Triumph of Islam	212	(1)
The Spread of Islam	213	(2)
Authority and Government in Islam	215	(1)
Umayyad and `Abbasid Caliphates	216	(2)
Islamic Civilization	218	(2)
The Byzantine Apogee and Decline, 1000-1453	220	(9)
The Disintegration of the Empire	221	(3)
The Conquests of Constantinople and Baghdad	224	(2)
Questions for Review	226	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	226	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	227
A Closer Look
Harems and Gynaiconites	222
Documents
The Justinian Code	202	(9)
The Qur'an	211	(8)
An Arab's View of Western Medicine	219	(10)
The West in the Early Middle Ages, 500--900	229	(34)
The Visual Record: The Chapel at the Waters: The Western Empire Reborn	230	(2)
The Making of the Barbarian Kingdoms, 500--750	232	(8)
Italy: From Ostrogoths to Lombards	232	(2)
Visigothic Spain: Intolerance and Destruction	234	(1)
The Anglo-Saxons: From Pagan Conquerors to Christian Missionaries	235	(4)
The Franks: An Enduring Legacy	239	(1)
Living in the New Europe	240	(6)
Creating the European Peasantry	240	(1)
Rural Households	241	(2)
Creating the European Aristocracy	243	(1)
Aristocratic Lifestyle	243	(1)
Governing Europe	244	(2)
The Carolingian Achievement	246	(5)
Charlemagne and the Renewal of the West	247	(1)
The Carolingian Renaissance	248	(1)
Carolingian Government	249	(2)
Carolingian Art	251	(1)
Geographical Tour: Europe in the Ninth Century	251	(6)
England	252	(1)
Scandinavia	253	(2)
The Slavic World	255	(1)
Muslim Spain	256	(1)
After the Carolingians: From Empire to Lordships	257	(6)
Disintegration of the Empire	257	(1)
Emergence of France and Germany	258	(1)
Cluny	258	(2)
Questions for Review	260	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	260	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	261
A Closer Look
The Jews in the Early Middle Ages	236	(2)
Documents
Two Missionaries	238	(3)
From Slave to Queen	241	(7)
Charlemagne and the Arts	248	(15)
The High Middle Ages	263	(40)
The Visual Record: The Royal Tombs at Fontevrault: A Queen and Her Kings	264	(2)
The Countryside	266	(14)
The Peasantry: Serfs and Freemen	266	(2)
The Aristocracy: Warriors and Heiresses	268	(3)
The Church: Saints and Monks	271	(6)
Crusaders: Soldiers of God	277	(3)
Medieval Towns	280	(10)
Italian Cities	280	(3)
Northern Towns	283	(2)
The Fairs of Champagne	285	(1)
Urban Intellectuals	285	(5)
The Invention of the State	290	(13)
The Universal States: Empire and Papacy	290	(4)
The Nation-States: France and England	294	(6)
Questions for Review	300	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	300	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	301
A Closer Look
Cathedrals of Light	274	(2)
Documents
Visions Like a Flame	276	(2)
Pope Urban II Summons a Crusade	278	(11)
Saint Francis of Assisi on Humility and Poverty	289	(9)
The Great Charter	298	(5)
The Later Middle Ages, 1300--1500	303	(32)
The Visual Record: Webs of Stone and Blood: European Civilization at the End of the Middle Ages	304	(2)
Politics as a Family Affair	306	(8)
The Struggle for Central Europe	306	(3)
A Hundred Years of War	309	(5)
Life and Death in the Later Middle Ages	314	(8)
Dancing with Death	314	(3)
The Plague of Insurrection	317	(3)
Living and Dying in Medieval Towns	320	(2)
The Spirit of the Later Middle Ages	322	(13)
The Crisis of the Papacy	322	(2)
Discerning the Spirit of God	324	(1)
Heresy and Revolt	325	(2)
Religious Persecution in Spain	327	(2)
William of Ockham and the Spirit of Truth	329	(1)
Vernacular Literature and the Individual	329	(4)
Questions for Review	333	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	333	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	333
A Closer Look
A Room of One's Own	318
Documents
The Black Death in Florence	316	(12)
Convivencia	328
A Woman Before the Inquisition	326	(9)
The Italian Renaissance	335	(32)
The Visual Record: A Civic Procession: Community Building in Renaissance Venice	336	(2)
Renaissance Society	338	(6)
The Environment	339	(1)
Production and Consumption	340	(1)
The Experience of Life	341	(2)
The Quality of Life	343	(1)
Renaissance Art	344	(6)
An Architect, a Sculptor, and a Painter	345	(2)
Renaissance Style	347	(1)
Michelangelo	348	(2)
Renaissance Ideals	350	(4)
Humanists and the Liberal Arts	351	(2)
Machiavelli and Politics	353	(1)
The Politics of the Italian City-States	354	(13)
The Five Powers	355	(1)
Venice: A Seaborne Empire	356	(2)
Florence: Spinning Cloth into Gold	358	(1)
The End of Italian Hegemony, 1450--1527	359	(5)
Questions for Review	364	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	364	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	365
A Closer Look
The Fall of Constantinople	362
Documents
On the Family	342	(9)
The Renaissance Man	351	(3)
The Lion and the Fox	354	(7)
The Siege of Constantinople	361	(6)
The European Empires	367	(36)
The Visual Record: Ptolemy's World: The Age of Discovery	368	(2)
European Encounters	370	(11)
A Passage to India	370	(1)
Mundus Novus	371	(2)
The Spanish Conquests	373	(4)
The Legacy of the Encounters	377	(4)
Geographical Tour: Europe in 1500: The Age of the New Monarchies	381	(3)
Boundaries of Eastern Europe	382	(1)
Central Europe	383	(1)
Western Europe	383	(1)
The Formation of States	384	(11)
Eastern Configurations	385	(2)
The Western Powers	387	(8)
The Dynastic Struggles	395	(8)
Power and Glory	395	(1)
The Italian Wars	396	(3)
Questions for Review	399	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	399	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	400
A Closer Look
Isabella of Castile	374
Documents
A Momentous Discovery	373	(5)
The Halls of Montezuma	378	(11)
Last Words	389	(1)
The Kingdom of France	390	(13)
The Reform of Religion	403	(34)
The Visual Record: Sola Scriptura: The Bible and the Reformation	404	(2)
The Intellectual Reformation	406	(6)
The Print Revolution	406	(1)
Christian Humanism	407	(1)
The Humanist Movement	408	(1)
The Wit of Erasmus	409	(3)
The Lutheran Reformation	412	(7)
The Spark of Reform	412	(2)
Martin Luther's Faith	414	(1)
Lutheranism	415	(3)
The Spread of Lutheranism	418	(1)
The Protestant Reformation	419	(7)
Geneva and Calvin	420	(2)
The English Reformation	422	(2)
The Reformation of the Radicals	424	(2)
The Catholic Reformation	426	(11)
The Spiritual Revival	426	(3)
Loyola's Pilgrimage	429	(1)
The Counter-Reformation	430	(2)
The Empire Strikes Back	432	(2)
Questions for Review	434	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	434	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	434
A Closer Look
Utopia	410
Documents
A Dutch Wit	409	(8)
Luther on Marriage	417	(3)
The Eternal Decree	420	(8)
Heavenly Vision	428	(9)
Europe at War, 1555--1648	437	(32)
The Visual Record: The Massacre of the Innocents: War and European Society	438	(2)
The Crises of the Western States	440	(13)
The French Wars of Religion	440	(4)
One King, Two Faiths	444	(3)
The World of Philip II	447	(2)
The Burgundian Inheritance	449	(1)
The Revolt of the Netherlands	450	(3)
The Struggles in Eastern Europe	453	(5)
Kings and Diets in Poland	454	(1)
Muscovy's Time of Troubles	455	(1)
The Rise of Sweden	456	(2)
The Thirty Years' War, 1618--1648	458	(11)
Bohemia Revolts	458	(2)
The War Widens	460	(3)
The Long Quest for Peace	463	(2)
Questions for Review	465	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	465	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	466
A Closer Look
The Monstrous Regiment of Women	442	(3)
Documents
Catholics and Huguenots	445	(6)
Cannibals	451	(9)
War Is Hell	460	(2)
Fire and Sword	462	(7)
The Experiences of Life in Early Modern Europe, 1500--1650	469	(36)
The Visual Record: Haymaking: Agriculture in a European Community	470	(2)
Economic Life	472	(9)
Rural Life	472	(3)
Town Life	475	(2)
Economic Change	477	(4)
Social Life	481	(8)
Social Constructs	481	(1)
Social Structure	482	(3)
Social Change	485	(1)
Peasant Revolts	486	(3)
Private Life	489	(16)
The Family	489	(3)
Communities	492	(3)
Popular Beliefs	495	(5)
Questions for Review	500	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	501	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	501
A Closer Look
Sex and the Married Man	496
Documents
Living by One's Wits	474	(14)
The Peasants' Revolt	488	(2)
A Feminine Perspective	490	(8)
The Devil's Due	498	(7)
The Royal State in the Seventeenth Century	505	(1)
The Visual Record: Fit for a King: The Grandeur of the European Monarchy	506	(2)
The Rise of the Royal State	508	(7)
Divine Kings	508	(1)
The Court and the Courtiers	509	(3)
The Drive to Centralize Government	512	(1)
The Taxing Demands of War	513	(2)
The Crises of the Royal State	515	(11)
The Need to Resist	516	(1)
The Right to Resist	517	(2)
The English Civil War	519	(2)
The English Revolutions	521	(5)
The Zenith of the Royal State	526	(1)
The Nature of Absolute Monarchy	527	(1)
Absolutism in the East	528	(3)
The Origins of French Absolutism	531	(1)
Louis le Grand	532	(3)
Questions for Review	535	(1)
Discovering Western Civilization Online	535	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	536
A Closer Look
``King Charles's Head''	524
Documents
A Glimpse of a King	510	(12)
A Short, Sharp Shock	522	(6)
The Nature of Man	528	(3)
A Close Shave	531
Credits	1	(1)
Index	1