Closing the Cancer Divide: An Equity Imperative

by Knaul, Felicia Marie

• ISBN13: 9780982914403
• ISBN10: 0982914407
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-12-01
• Publisher: HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS

Summary

the prologue will be authored by Prof. Amartya Sen (Nobel for Economics Sciences, 1998, and Lamont University Professor, Harvard University). We didn't think this should be mentioned in the description, but rather a quote from him included on the back cover. But if recommended to have in the description, we can include it. I believe you had mentioned that the quotes on the back cover are at a later stage, but perhaps we can discuss further on thus regard; 2) please do let us know if you have any comments on the description).Cancer has become a leading cause of death and disability and a serious yet unforeseen challenge to health systems in low- and middle-income countries. A protracted and polarized cancer transition is underway and fuels a concentration of preventable risk, illness, suffering, impoverishment from ill health and death among poor populations - the Cancer Divide. Closing the cancer divide is an equity imperative. The world faces a huge, and largely unperceived, cost of failure to take action and what is required is an immediate and large-scale global response to cancer.This book presents strategies for innovation in delivery, pricing, procurement, finance, knowledge-building, and stewardship that can be scaled-up by applying a diagonal approach to health system strengthening. The chapters provide a roadmap of evidence-based recommendations for developing programs, local and global policy-making, and prioritizing research. The case studies and frameworks are a guide for developing appropriate responses to the chronicity that characterizes all new challenge diseases, including cancer, be they communicable or non-communicable in origin. This book summarizes the results of the first two years of work of the Global Task Force on Expanding Access to Cancer Care and Control in Developing Countries, a broad collaboration among leaders from the global health and cancer care communities from around the world, convened by Harvard University. It includes contributions from civil society, global and national policy-makers, patients and practitioners, as well as leading academics representing an array of fields and countries.

Table of Contents

Stories That Inspired This Volume
Abish	p. xvii
Anite	p. xxi
Claudine	p. xxiv
Francine	p. xxvii
Messages
Her Royal Highness Princess Dina Mired	p. xxix
Lance Armstrong	p. xxxii
Forewords
Harvey V. Fineberg	p. xxxv
Amartya Sen	p. xxxvii
Prologue
The history of this volume	p. xxxix
Organization of this volume	p. xli
Global Task Force on Expanded Access to Cancer Care and Control in Developing Countries	p. xliii
Dedication
To Amanda Jaclyn Berger	p. xlvii
Editor's Acknowledgments	p. xlix
Much Should Be Done	p. 1
Closing the Cancer Divide: Overview and Summary	p. 3
Introduction	p. 3
Myths and opportunities	p. 4
Much should be done: The cancer divide	p. 10
Much could be done: A solution-oriented framework	p. 16
Much can be done: Spheres of action	p. 20
Moving forward	p. 26
The Global Cancer Divide: An Equity Imperative	p. 29
Introduction	p. 29
The cancer transition	p. 31
Text Box 2.1: Cancer care and control in high income countries: elements of progress	p. 36
Facets of the cancer divide and sources of disparities	p. 40
Text Box 2.2: Understanding and combating stigma: a Livestrong research and outreach program	p. 51
Conclusions	p. 58
Appendix 2.1: Non-methodone Opioid Consumption (Morphine Equivalent), 2008	p. 60
Investing in Cancer Care and Control	p. 71
Introduction	p. 72
The economic burden of chronic and noncommunicable disease	p. 73
The "avoidable" cancer burden	p. 75
The economic value of investing in cancer care and control	p. 78
A longer-term view	p. 82
Text Box 3.1: The economic benefits of early detection and prevention: cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer	p. 84
Conclusions	p. 88
Much Could be Done	p. 93
Health System Strengthening and Cancer: A Diagonal Response to the Challenge of Chronicity	p. 95
Introduction	p. 96
The challenge of chronicity	p. 97
The diagonal approach to health system strengthening	p. 100
Panel: Applications of the diagonal approach to cancer across the cancer care control continuum	p. 104
Text Box 4.1: Rwanda: Partners in Health chronic care integration for endemic noncommunicable Diseases	p. 106
The cancer care control continuum and health system strengthening	p. 108
Text Box 4.2: Survivorship	p. 108
Conclusions	p. 111
Appendix 4.1: A hypothetical case study of late diagnosis of breast cancer turned into lessons for implementing a diagonal response in Mexico	p. 113
Core Elements for Provision of Cancer Care and Control in Low and Middle Income Countries	p. 123
Introduction	p. 125
Text Box 5.1: Assumptions underlying analysis and recommendations regarding core elements of a cancer care and control strategy for low and middle income countries	p. 126
Core elements of cancer care and control	p. 127
Text Box 5.2: Jordan: Creating a regional center of excellence for cancer care as a focus for a national program on cancer care and control	p. 129
Categorization of "candidate cancers" amenable to care and control in low and middle income countries	p. 145
Conclusions	p. 147
Appendix 5.1: Categorization of "candidate cancers" amenable to care and control in low and middle income countries	p. 148
Much can be Done	p. 167
Innovative Delivery of Cancer Care and Control in Low-Resource Scenarios	p. 169
Introduction	p. 170
Innovations in delivery	p. 171
Text Box 6.1: Optimal tasking: A partial review of literature	p. 173
Text Box 6.2: Breast and cervical cancer: examples of innovative delivery	p. 178
Case studies of cancer care and control delivery innovations	p. 180
Case 1: PIH-DFCI-BWH Partnership: Innovative Delivery Strategies for Cancer Care in Rural Rwanda, Malawi, and Haiti	p. 181
Case 2: UCI/Hutchinson Center Cancer Alliance: A collaboration between the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the Uganda Cancer Institute	p. 184
Case 3: Expanding access to gynecological cancer care and control in Peru through an MOH-PATH collaboration	p. 185
Case 4: Twinning in pediatric oncology: Models for the innovative use of information and communication technology to bridge distance	p. 187
Case 5: International training and exchanges: American Society of clinical oncology	p. 189
Conclusions	p. 191
Access to Affordable Medicines, Vaccines, and Health Technologies	p. 197
Challenges in affordable access to cancer medicines, vaccines, and technologies	p. 199
Systems approach to affordable access to quality pharmaceuticals and health technologies	p. 201
Medicines and vaccines for cancer care and control	p. 203
Health technologies for cancer detection, diagnosis, and treatment	p. 208
Pricing, procurement, quality, and regulation	p. 217
Text Box 7.1: Working towards affordable pricing for HPV vaccines for developing countries: the role of GAVI Alliance	p. 226
Text Box 7.2: Partnership and pooled procurement for a life-saving health technology	p. 231
Treatment affordability and unmet need for cancer medicines	p. 235
Text Box 7.3: Estimating the global unmet need for cancer medicines: Hodgkin lymphoma, cervical cancer, childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and breast cancer	p. 235
Engaging the private sector	p. 243
Text Box 7.4: "Frugal Innovation" for high-cost technologies	p. 246
Conclusions and recommendations	p. 247
Innovative Financing: Local and Global Opportunities	p. 257
Introduction	p. 259
Innovative global financing	p. 260
Innovative domestic financing: effective and equitable options	p. 267
Case 1: Mexico	p. 269
Case 2: Colombia	p. 271
Case 3: The Dominican Republic	p. 273
Case 4: Peru	p. 274
Case 5: Rwanda	p. 275
Case 6: Taiwan	p. 277
Case 7: China	p. 280
Case 8: India Arogyasri community health insurance scheme and Rishtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana	p. 281
Evidence for Decision-Making: Strengthening Health Information Systems and the Research Base	p. 289
Introduction	p. 291
Priority areas for research to strengthen the evidence base	p. 291
Text Box 9.1: Increasing awareness and enhancing early detection of breast cancer in Gaza strip	p. 295
Strengthening data and health information systems for cancer care and control	p. 296
Text Box 9.2: Leveraging collaborations to establish cancer registries in low and middle income countries: Examples from Colombia and Uganda	p. 300
Capacity-building	p. 301
Text Box 9.3: International, multi-institutional partnerships for capacity-building in cancer research: Uganda Program on Cancer and Infectious Disease	p. 302
Text Box 9.4: Strengthening collaboration for implementation and evaluation research	p. 305
Opportunities for global and national uptake	p. 307
Strengthening Stewardship and Leadership to Expand Access to Cancer Care and Control	p. 311
Introduction	p. 312
Stewardship in health and cancer care and control	p. 313
Text Box 10.1: Stewardship	p. 313
Stewardship and leadership for cancer care and control: Building global and local stakeholder networks	p. 315
The myriad of players in global and national cancer care and control	p. 316
Text Box 10.2: Mapping of the CCC Arena in Jordan	p. 318
Text Box 10.3: International Agency for Research on Cancer	p. 322
Text Box 10.4: Eastern Europe/Central Asia breast cancer education, outreach, and advocacy: Connecting the United States, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia to improve women's health	p. 326
Text Box 10.5: Femama: Promoting policy change in Brazil through civil society	p. 328
Text Box 10.6: The Union for International Cancer Control	p. 329
Text Box 10.7: American Society of Clinical Oncology's evolving engagement in global cancer control	p. 331
Text Box 10.8: An integrated partnership in Rwanda: Comprehensive National Cervical Cancer Prevention Program and the Rwanda Task Force on Expanded Access to CCC	p. 334
Beyond the Declaration: Action to address the global cancer and noncommunicable disease burden	p. 336
Appendix Global Task Force on Expanded Access to Cancer Care and Control in Developing Countries	p. 343
Leadership	p. 343
Members	p. 344
Technical Advisory Committee	p. 347
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