Cognition Theory and Applications (with Study Guide and InfoTrac)

by Reed, Stephen K.

• ISBN13: 9780534608675
• ISBN10: 0534608671
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-07-18
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Part 1: INFORMATION PROCESSING STAGES. 1. Introduction. 2. Pattern Recognition. 3. Attention. 4. Short-Term Working Memory. 5. Long-Term Memory. Part 2: REPRESENTATION AND ORGANIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE. 6. Memory Codes. 7. Visual Images. 8. Categorization. 9. Semantic Organization. Part 3: COMPLEX COGNITIVE SKILLS. 10. Language. 11. Comprehension and Memory for Text. 12. Problem Solving. 13. Expertise and Creativity. 14. Decision Making.

Table of Contents

Preface	x
PART ONE INFORMATION-PROCESSING STAGES
Introduction	1	(16)
The Information-Processing Approach	2	(2)
The Growth of Cognitive Psychology	4	(3)
Cognition's Relation to Other Fields	7	(5)
Organization of This Book	12	(2)
Study Questions	14	(1)
COGLAB Brain Asymmetry	14	(1)
Key Terms	14	(1)
Recommended Reading	15	(2)
Pattern Recognition	17	(26)
Describing Patterns	20	(10)
Information-Processing Stages	30	(5)
Word Recognition	35	(5)
Summary	40	(1)
Study Questions	41	(1)
COGLAB Receptive Fields • Muller-Lyer Illusion • Visual Search • Partial Report • Word Superiority • Metacontrast Masking	41	(1)
Key Terms	42	(1)
Recommended Reading	42	(1)
Attention	43	(26)
Bottleneck Theories	46	(6)
Capacity Theories	52	(6)
Automatic Processing	58	(5)
Applications	63	(3)
Summary	66	(1)
Study Questions	67	(1)
COGLAB Attentional Blink • Spatial Cueing • Stroop Task • Simon Effect	67	(1)
Key Terms	68	(1)
Recommended Reading	68	(1)
Short-Term Working Memory	69	(28)
Forgetting	71	(5)
Capacity	76	(4)
Memory Codes	80	(4)
Recognition of Items in Short-Term Memory	84	(4)
Working Memory	88	(5)
Summary	93	(1)
Study Questions	94	(1)
COGLAB Brown-Peterson • Memory Span • Operation Span • Absolute Identification • Sternberg Search	95	(1)
Key Terms	95	(1)
Recommended Reading	95	(2)
Long-Term Memory	97	(28)
The Atkinson-Shiffrin Model	100	(4)
Control Processes	104	(7)
Improving Eyewitness Recall and Identification	111	(5)
Indirect Tests of Memory	116	(5)
Summary	121	(1)
Study Questions	122	(1)
COGLAB Serial Position • Remember/Know • Implicit Learning • False Memory	123	(1)
Key Terms	123	(1)
Recommended Reading	123	(2)
PART TWO REPRESENTATION AND ORGANIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE
Memory Codes	125	(28)
The Levels-of-Processing Theory	128	(4)
Supporting Evidence of the Levels-of-Processing Theory	132	(3)
Criticisms and Modifications of the Theory	135	(7)
Encoding Specificity and Retrieval	142	(6)
Summary	148	(1)
Study Questions	149	(1)
COGLAB Von Restorff Effect • Encoding Specificity	150	(1)
Key Terms	150	(1)
Recommended Reading	151	(2)
Visual Images	153	(32)
Visual Imagery and Learning	155	(8)
Evidence for Images in Performing Cognitive Tasks	163	(10)
Limitations of Images	173	(8)
Summary	181	(1)
Study Questions	182	(1)
COGLAB Mental Rotation	182	(1)
Key Terms	182	(1)
Recommended Reading	183	(2)
Categorization	185	(28)
Concept Identification	187	(3)
Natural Categories	190	(12)
Categorizing Novel Patterns	202	(8)
Summary	210	(1)
Study Questions	211	(1)
COGLAB Prototypes • Categorical Perception: Identification	212	(1)
Key Terms	212	(1)
Recommended Reading	212	(1)
Semantic Organization	213	(32)
Hierarchical Organization	215	(5)
Verification of Semantic Statements	220	(11)
Integration of Knowledge	231	(4)
Schema Theory	235	(6)
Summary	241	(1)
Study Questions	242	(1)
COGLAB Lexical Decision	243	(1)
Key Terms	243	(1)
Recommended Reading	244	(1)
PART THREE COMPLEX COGNITIVE SKILLS
Language	245	(28)
Three Aspects of Language	248	(5)
Psychology and Grammar	253	(7)
Using Semantic Context in Sentence Comprehension	260	(6)
Implications of Sentences	266	(4)
Summary	270	(1)
Study Questions	271	(1)
COGLAB Categorical Perception: Discrimination	271	(1)
Key Terms	272	(1)
Recommended Reading	272	(1)
Comprehension and Memory for Text	273	(28)
Prior Knowledge of the Reader	274	(7)
Organization of Text	281	(9)
Kintsch's Model of Comprehension	290	(7)
Summary	297	(1)
Study Questions	298	(1)
Key Terms	298	(1)
Recommended Reading	299	(2)
Problem Solving	301	(28)
Classifying Problems	302	(8)
Newell and Simon's Theory	310	(3)
General Strategies	313	(12)
Summary	325	(1)
Study Questions	326	(1)
Key Terms	326	(1)
Recommended Reading	327	(2)
Expertise and Creativity	329	(24)
Expertise and Reasoning	331	(7)
Acquiring Expertise	338	(5)
Creativity	343	(6)
Summary	349	(1)
Study Questions	349	(1)
COGLAB Wason Selection Task	350	(1)
Key Terms	351	(1)
Recommended Reading	351	(2)
Decision Making	353	(28)
Making Choices	354	(5)
Estimating Probabilities	359	(5)
Combining Probabilities and Values	364	(4)
Risk Dimensions	368	(3)
Applications	371	(7)
Summary	378	(1)
Study Questions	379	(1)
COGLAB Typical Reasoning • Risky Decisions/Monty Hall	380	(1)
Key Terms	380	(1)
Recommended Reading	380	(1)
Glossary	381	(8)
References	389	(21)
Name Index	410	(6)
Subject Index	416