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9780205410309

Cognitive Psychology

by ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780205410309

  • ISBN10:

    0205410308

  • Edition: 7th
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2008-01-01
  • Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
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Summary

New Technology for Solso/MacLin/MacLin's Cognitive Psychology, Seventh Edition CogSim is a multimedia simulation resource that can be used as a supplement to your course in Cognitive Psychology to engage students and to reinforce learning. With simulations designed to illustrate the key concepts in Cognitive Psychology, CogSim helps students to better understand and retain information from your course. Powered by CourseCompasstrade;, CogSim also contains a complete suite of course management tools to help you administer your course. In addition to exciting simulations, students have unlimited access to Research Navigatortrade;, Allyn & Bacon's online database of journals and periodicals to help them research important topics in psychology. Research Navigatortrade; contains peer reviewed journals and magazines, as well as archived editions of The New York Times and the Financial Times. Simulations in CogSim How Good Is Your Cognitive Map? Distinguishing Dependent and Independent Variables. Distinguishing Figure from Ground. Experiencing the Stroop Effect. The Serial Position Curve. The Mind's Organization of Conceptual Knowledge. Lexical Bias in Slips of the Tongue. How Good Is Your Memory for Stories? Intuition and Discovery in Problem Solving. Anchoring and Adjustment in Problem Solving. For more information, contact your local Allyn & Bacon publisher's representative today!

Table of Contents

Preface xvii
Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
1(32)
What Is Cognitive Psychology?
2(2)
Information-Processing Model
4(2)
The Domain of Cognitive Psychology
6(6)
Cognitive Neuroscience
6(1)
Sensation/Perception
7(1)
Pattern Recognition
8(1)
Attention
8(1)
Consciousness
8(1)
Memory
9(1)
Representation of Knowledge
9(1)
Imagery
10(1)
Language
10(1)
Cognitive Development
11(1)
Thinking and Concept Formation
11(1)
Human and Artificial Intelligence
11(1)
A Brief History of Cognitive Psychology
12(8)
Early Thoughts on Thinking
13(1)
Cognition in the Renaissance and Beyond
14(2)
Cognitive Psychology: The Twentieth Century
16(4)
Conceptual Science and Cognitive Psychology
20(11)
Cognitive Models
22(2)
The Computer Metaphor and Human Cognition
24(1)
Cognitive Science
25(1)
Neuroscience and Cognitive Psychology
26(2)
Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) and Cognitive Psychology
28(1)
Evolutionary Cognitive Psychology
29(2)
Summary
31(1)
Key Words
32(1)
Recommended Readings
32(1)
Cognitive Neuroscience
33(37)
Exploring the Brain
34(1)
Logbook: The Twenty-First Century---Brain Sciences
34(1)
Mind-Body Issues
35(1)
Cognitive Neuroscience
36(2)
Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience
37(1)
The Nervous System
38(14)
The Neuron
40(3)
The Brain: From Localization to Mass Action
43(2)
The Anatomy of the Brain
45(7)
Neurophysiological Sensing Techniques
52(8)
CT Scans
53(1)
PET Scans
53(2)
MRI and fMRI
55(1)
MEG
56(1)
TMS
56(1)
Research Using Imaging Techniques: An Example
56(4)
A Tale of Two Hemispheres
60(8)
Cognitive Psychology and Brain Science
67(1)
Summary
68(1)
Key Words
68(1)
Recommended Readings
69(1)
Perception and Attention
70(34)
The Computational Brain
71(1)
Sensation and Perception
72(5)
Illusions
73(1)
Previous Knowledge
74(1)
Sensory-Brain Predisposition
75(1)
Everything We Know Is Wrong
76(1)
Perceptual Span
77(1)
Iconic Storage
78(2)
Echoic Storage
80(1)
Function of Sensory Stores
81(1)
Attention
82(4)
Attention, Consciousness, and Subliminal Perception
85(1)
Processing Capacity and Selective Attention
86(1)
Auditory Signals
87(1)
Models of Selective Attention
88(6)
The Filter Model: Broadbent
88(3)
The Attenuation Model: Treisman
91(3)
Visual Attention
94(2)
Automatic Processing
96(2)
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Attention
98(2)
Attention and the Human Brain
99(1)
Attention and PET
100(1)
Spotlight on Cognitive Neuroscience: Visual Attention
100(2)
Summary
102(1)
Key Words
103(1)
Recommended Readings
103(1)
Pattern Recognition
104(36)
Perceptual Theories
107(1)
Visual Pattern Recognition
108(4)
Vision
109(1)
Subjective Organization
110(2)
Gestalt Theory
112(2)
Canonic Perspectives
114(3)
Bottom-Up versus Top-Down Processing
117(2)
Template Matching
119(6)
Geon Theory
121(2)
Priming Technique
123(2)
Feature Analysis
125(2)
Eye Movements and Pattern Perception
126(1)
Prototype Matching
127(6)
Abstraction of Visual Information
128(2)
Pseudomemory
130(2)
Prototype Theory: Central Tendency versus Attribute Frequency
132(1)
Form Perception: An Integrated Approach
133(1)
Pattern Recognition among Experts
134(2)
Pattern Recognition in Chess
134(2)
Pattern Recognition---The Role of the Perceiver
136(1)
Spotlight on Cognitive Neuroscience: Pattern Recognition
137(1)
Summary
138(1)
Key Words
139(1)
Recommended Readings
139(1)
States of Consciousness
140(26)
History of Consciousness
142(2)
Consciousness as a Scientific Construct
144(2)
Cognitive Psychology and Consciousness
146(9)
Explicit and Implicit Memory
147(1)
Research with Primes
148(3)
Neurocognitive Studies: Sleep and Amnesia
151(3)
Limited Capacity
154(1)
Metaphors of Consciousness
155(2)
The Novelty Metaphor
155(1)
The Spotlight
155(1)
An Integration Metaphor: The Theater in the Society of Mind
156(1)
Theories of Consciousness
157(5)
Schacter's Model of Dissociable Interactions and Conscious Experience (DICE)
158(1)
Baars's Global Workspace Theory
159(3)
Functions of Consciousness
162(2)
Spotlight on Cognitive Neuroscience: Consciousness in the Brain
164(1)
Summary
164(1)
Key Words
165(1)
Recommended Readings
165(1)
Memory Processes
166(36)
Short-Term Memory
167(17)
Cognitive Neuroscience and STM
169(2)
Working Memory
171(1)
Capacity of STM
172(3)
The Coding of Information in STM
175(7)
Retrieval of Information from STM
182(2)
Long-Term Memory
184(16)
Cognitive Neuroscience and LTM
185(1)
LTM: Storage and Structure
186(4)
Very Long-Term Memory (VLTM)
190(3)
Autobiographical Memories
193(5)
The Fallibility of Memory and Eyewitness Identification
198(2)
Spotlight on Cognitive Neuroscience: Autobiographical Memory
200(1)
Summary
200(1)
Key Words
201(1)
Recommended Readings
201(1)
Memory Models
202(32)
Early Studies
203(4)
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory
207(2)
Two Memory Stores
209(2)
Memory in the Larger Cognitive Domain
211(2)
Models of Memory
213(18)
Waugh and Norman
213(1)
Atkinson and Shiffrin
214(2)
Level of Recall (LOR)
216(1)
Levels of Processing (LOP): Craik
217(4)
Self-Reference Effect (SRE)
221(2)
Episodic and Semantic Memory: Tulving
223(4)
A Connectionist (PDP) Model of Memory: Rumelhart and McClelland
227(4)
Spotlight on Cognitive Neuroscience: Working Memory
231(1)
Summary
232(1)
Key Words
232(1)
Recommended Readings
233(1)
Mnemonics and Experts
234(26)
A King from Texas Matches a Paul Bunyan King from Minnesota
235(1)
Mnemonic Systems
236(9)
Method of Loci
236(2)
Peg Word System
238(2)
Key Word Method
240(1)
Organizational Schemes
241(2)
Recall of Names
243(1)
Recall of Words
244(1)
Extraordinary Memories
245(5)
S.: Luria
245(2)
E.: A Case of Photographic Memory
247(1)
V. P.: Hunt and Love
248(2)
Others
250(1)
Experts and Expertise
250(8)
H. O.: Case Study of an Artist---Solso; Miall and Tchalenko
252(3)
The Structure of Knowledge and Expertise
255(2)
Theoretical Analysis of Expertise
257(1)
Spotlight on Cognitive Neuroscience: Chess.Experts
258(1)
Summary
258(1)
Key Words
259(1)
Recommended Readings
259(1)
The Representation of Knowledge
260(30)
Semantic Organization
261(2)
Declarative Knowledge and Procedural Knowledge
262(1)
Associationist Approach
263(1)
Organizational Variables: Bower
263(1)
Semantic Memory: Cognitive Models
264(15)
Set-Theoretical Model
266(1)
Semantic Feature-Comparison Model
267(2)
Network Models
269(4)
Propositional Networks
273(6)
Representation of Knowledge---Neurocognitive Considerations
279(4)
The Search for the Elusive Engram
279(1)
What Amnesic Patients Tell Us When They Forget
279(2)
Knowing What and Knowing That
281(1)
A Taxonomy of Memory Structure
282(1)
Memory: Consolidation
283(1)
Connectionism and the Representation of Knowledge
284(2)
Spotlight on Cognitive Neuroscience: Representation of Knowledge
286(1)
Summary
287(1)
Key Words
288(1)
Recommended Readings
289(1)
Mental Imagery
290(28)
Historical Overview
291(1)
Imagery and Cognitive Psychology
292(10)
Dual-Coding Hypothesis
294(1)
Conceptual-Propositional Hypothesis
295(2)
Functional-Equivalency Hypothesis
297(5)
Cognitive Neuroscience Evidence
302(6)
Cognitive Maps
308(4)
Mental Maps: Where Am I?
309(3)
Synesthesia: The Sound of Colors
312(3)
Spotlight on Cognitive Neuroscience: Cognitive Maps
315(1)
Summary
316(1)
Key Words
317(1)
Recommended Readings
317(1)
Language: Structure and Abstractions
318(34)
Linguistics
322(4)
Linguistic Hierarchy
322(1)
Phonemes
322(2)
Morphemes
324(1)
Syntax
325(1)
Chomsky's Theory of Grammar
326(3)
Transformational Grammar
327(2)
Psycholinguistic Aspects of Language
329(3)
Innate Properties and Environmental Effects
329(1)
Linguistic-Relativity Hypothesis
330(2)
Cognitive Psychology and Language: Abstraction of Linguistic Ideas
332(6)
``The War of the Ghosts'': Bartlett
332(3)
``Ants Ate the Jelly'': Bransford and Franks
335(3)
Knowledge and Comprehension
338(5)
``Soap Opera,'' ``Thieves,'' and ``Police''
339(2)
``Bumper Stickers and the Cops'': Kintsch and van Dijk
341(2)
A Model of Comprehension: Kintsch
343(3)
Propositional Representation of Text and Reading
345(1)
Language and Neurology
346(3)
Spotlight on Cognitive Neuroscience: Linguistics
349(1)
Summary
350(1)
Key Words
351(1)
Recommended Readings
351(1)
Language: Words and Reading
352(27)
Perceptual Span
354(10)
Text Processing: Eye Tracking
358(6)
Lexical-Decision Task (LDT)
364(5)
Word Recognition: A Cognitive-Anatomical Approach
369(2)
Comprehension
371(6)
Spotlight on Cognitive Neuroscience: Dyslexia
377(1)
Summary
377(1)
Key Words
378(1)
Recommended Readings
378(1)
Cognitive Development
379(38)
Life-Span Development
381(1)
Cognitive Development
381(1)
Neurocognitive Development
381(1)
Comparative Development
381(1)
Developmental Psychology
382(10)
Assimilation and Accommodation: Piaget
382(7)
Mind in Society: Vygotsky
389(1)
Vygotsky and Piaget
390(2)
Neurocognitive Development
392(6)
Early Neural Developmental
393(1)
Environment and Neural Development
393(3)
Lateralization Studies
396(2)
Cognitive Development
398(16)
Intelligence and Abilities
398(2)
Development of Information-Acquisition Skills
400(5)
Memory
405(4)
Higher-Order Cognition in Children
409(3)
Prototype Formation among Children
412(2)
Spotlight on Cognitive Neuroscience: Cognitive Development
414(1)
Summary
414(1)
Key Words
415(1)
Recommended Readings
416(1)
Thinking: Concept Formation, Logic, and Decision Making
417(34)
Thinking
418(1)
Concept Formation
419(3)
Association
420(1)
Hypothesis Testing
420(2)
Logic
422(11)
Inferences and Deductive Reasoning
425(2)
Syllogistic Reasoning
427(6)
Decision Making
433(13)
Inductive Reasoning
433(1)
Decision Making in the ``Real World''
434(4)
Reasoning and the Brain
438(2)
Estimating Probabilities
440(1)
Decision Frames
441(2)
Representativeness
443(1)
Bayes's Theorem and Decision Making
444(2)
Decision Making and Rationality
446(2)
Spotlight on Cognitive Neuroscience: Decision Making
448(1)
Summary
448(1)
Key Words
449(1)
Recommended Readings
449(2)
Thinking: Problem Solving, Creativity, and Human Intelligence
451(35)
Problem Solving
452(10)
Gestalt Psychology and Problem Solving
453(1)
Representation of the Problem
454(5)
Internal Representation and Problem Solving
459(3)
Creativity
462(7)
Creative Process
463(1)
Creativity and Functional Fixedness
464(1)
Investment Theory of Creativity
465(1)
Judging Creativity
466(3)
Human Intelligence
469(13)
The Problem of Definition
469(1)
Cognitive Theories of Intelligence
470(8)
Cognitive Neuroscience and Intelligence
478(4)
Spotlight on Cognitive Neuroscience: Creative Problem Solving
482(1)
Summary
482(1)
Key Words
483(1)
Recommended Readings
484(2)
Computerized Cognition: Artificial Intelligence
486(45)
AI---The Beginnings
489(7)
Computers
489(2)
Computers and AI
491(3)
AI and Human Cognition
494(2)
Machines and Minds: The Imitation Game and the Chinese Room
496(4)
The Imitation Game, or the Turing Test
498(1)
The Chinese Room
498(2)
The Chinese Room---Refutation
500(1)
Perception and AI
500(9)
Line Analysis
501(1)
Pattern Recognition
502(3)
Recognition of Complex Forms
505(4)
Language and AI
509(6)
ELIZA, PARRY, and NETtalk
509(4)
Meaning and AI
513(1)
Continuous Speech Recognition (CSR)
514(1)
Language Understanding Program
515(1)
Problem Solving, Game Playing, and AI
515(6)
Computer Chess
519(2)
AI and the Arts
521(3)
Robots
524(1)
The Future of AI
525(3)
AI and Scientific Inquiry
528(1)
Spotlight on Cognitive Neuroscience: Artificial Face Recognition
529(1)
Summary
529(1)
Key Words
530(1)
Recommended Readings
530(1)
Glossary 531(11)
References 542(46)
Name Index 588(7)
Subject Index 595

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