Community Corrections

by Robert D. Hanser

• ISBN13: 9781412959957
• ISBN10: 1412959950
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-02-19
• Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc

Summary

Offering comprehensive coverage with an applied, practical perspective,  Community Corrections covers all the major topics in the field while emphasizing reintegration and community partnerships and focusing strongly on assessment, risk prediction, and classification. Author Robert D. Hanser draws on his expertise with offender treatment planning, special needs populations, and the comparative criminal justice fields to present a complete assessment of the issues and challenges facing community corrections today. Insights into how the day-to-day practitioner conducts business in community corrections are illustrated by such things as the increasing role technology plays in the field. Key Features Incorporates "What Would You Do?" assignments that ask students to determine the best course of action for legal issues dealing with specific challenges in community supervision Includes  Focus Topics  boxes to add depth and detail to selected important and interesting topics and issues Offers  Applied Theory  inserts throughout the book to provide a clear and focused application of a specified theory to a particular issue or set of issues in community corrections Presents specialized needs caseload models to help students understand the increasing need for community supervision officers to be well-versed on special offender typologies, including sex offenders, mentally ill offenders, those with communicable diseases, and drug offenders. Gives students hands-on practice in community corrections through the completion of mock Pre-sentence Investigation Reports (PSIs) Provides  Cross-National Perspective  boxes to demonstrate common themes in community supervision around the world, as well as different but viable approaches used in other countries Offers  Applied Exercises  at the ends of chapters to help students reflect on their understanding of each chapter's content and to demonstrate their competence in using the information, techniques, and processes that they have learned

Table of Contents

Definitions, History, and Development of Community Corrections

Early Alternative Sanctions: Sanctuary

Early Alternative Sanctions: Benefit of Clergy

Early Alternative Sanctions: Judicial Reprieve

Early Alternative Sanctions: Recognizance

The Beginning of Parole

The Beginning of Probation

Philosophical Basis of Community Corrections - Both Probation and Parole

Suggested Theoretical Approach to Reintegration and Offender Treatment

Probation and Parole from 1960 On

An Overview and State-by-State Comparison of Community Supervision Models

Community Corrections: Public Safety is Job One

Key Criminological and Psychological Theoretical Perspectives That Can Be Applied to Community Supervision

The Application of Theory to Specific Issues in Community Supervision

The Application of Theory to Improve Public Safety

Routine Activities Theory: A Model Theory for Improving Public Safety

Excessive Caseloads and Their Impact on Community Protection

The Use of the Community Itself to Improve Safety - Volunteers and Neighborhood Programs

Improving Public Safety: Examples of How Individual Volunteers Can Make A Difference

Assessment and Risk Prediction

The Pre-Sentence Investigation Report (PSI)

The Basics of Risk-Assessment

False Positives and False Negatives

Static and Dynamic Risk Factors

The Appropriate Use of Subjective and Objective Assessments

Recidivism Prediction

The Link Between Theory and Risk Prediction

Better Diagnosis: The Need for Improved Assessment

Agency-Created Assessment Instruments

Classification

The Role of The Practitioner

Tasks and Nature of Work for Probation Officers

Pay and Demographics of Probation Officers

Role Confusion, Stress, and Burnout Related to the Job of Probation Officers

Education, Training, and Qualifications for Probation Officers

Tasks and Nature of Work for Probation Officers

When Probation and Parole are Combined into One Department

Firearms and the Community Supervision Officer

Nature of Work for Treatment Professionals

Record Keeping, Case Notes, and Administrative Duties with the Courts

Types of Treatment Providers in the Community Corrections System

Challenges to the Work of A Correctional Treatment Provider

Legal Liabilities and Risk Management

State Levels of Liability

Forms of Immunity and Types of Defenses

Indemnification, Representation, and Types of Damages

Legal Issues of Disclosure with the Pre-Sentence Investigation Reports

Liability of Parole Board Members for Violation of Substantive or Procedural Rights

Parole Board Liability for Released Offenders that Recidivate - Typically No Liability

The Use of Objective Instruments as a Safeguard from Liability

Probationer and Parolee Case Law Regarding Due Process During Revocation

Legal Issues with Court Shaming and the Use of Polygraph Examinations

Specific Aspects Related to Probation

Models of Probation Administration

Objectives and Advantages of Probation

Public Probation and Private Probation Agencies

The Sentencing Hearing and the PSI Revisited

The Court and the Role of the Judge: Setting Conditions for Supervision

Purpose of Probation, Evaluation, and Compliance with Conditions of Probation

Alternative Probation Methods

Probation Revocation Procedures

Specific Aspects Related to Parole

Models of Parole Administration

Federal Parole: A Remnant of the Past

The Financial Aspects of Parole

The Granting of Parole

Subjective and Objective Indicators in Parole Determinations

Pre-Release Planning and Institutional Parole Officers

Supervision From Beginning to End of Sentence

Conditions of Parole

Evaluation of Compliance and Modifications to Parole

Parole Revocation Proceedings

Victims and Restorative Justice

Needs-Based Case Management and Case Planning

The History and Evolution of Case Management

Client Needs Assessment

Reliability and Validity of Needs Assessment Scales

The Assessment System Should Use Highly Reliable Information, instruments and Techniques

Methods Used Which Are Specifically Valid for and Relevant to the Assessments and Decisions

Assessment Approaches Must Provide for the Potential for Change Across Time and Settings

Mental Illness and Classification - the DSM-IV-TR

Caseload Assignment Models

The Specialized Needs Caseload Model

Standards of Classification

Case Management Classification - Presentation of a Model System Assessment

The Supervision Plan

Use of Technology

Client Contracting and Supervision Planning

Addressing Offender Needs Holistically

Treatment Screening and Screening Tools

Treatment Planning

Progress Notes, Record Keeping, and Connecting the Case Plan with Supervision

The Viability of Treatment Perspectives

The Martinson Report - Revisited

The Need for Community-Based Treatment and the Pitfalls of Treatment Programs in Institutional Settings

Community Supervision Staff and Treatment Staff: Effective Alliances

Different Types of Treatment Modalities/Orientations in Therapy

Different Types of Treatment Programs

Different Types of Treatment Professionals

Community Partnerships and Agency Alliances

Treatment Staff, Referrals, and Increased Human Supervision

Progress in Treatment Programs and the Likelihood for Recidivism

Educating the Community About Treatment Benefits and Integrating Citizen and Agency Involvement

Community-Based Residential Treatment Facilities

Initial Offender Processing in the Jail Setting

The Use of Jail Diversion Programs to Alleviate Jail Crowding

Historical Developments in Halfway Houses

Various Community Residential Treatment Centers

Rural and Urban Residential Centers

Work Release and Study Release Programs

Cost-Effectiveness and Actual Program Effectiveness

Complex Offender Cases in Residential Facilities

Typical Staff in Residential Treatment Facilities

Intermediate Sanctions

Fines

Community Service

Intensive Supervision

Electronic Monitoring

Global Positioning Systems

Home Detention

Day Reporting Centers

Shock Incarceration/Split Sentencing

Methods of Ensuring Compliance - Detecting Drug Use Among Offenders

Testing Technologies - Immunoassay and Chromatography

Testing Methods - Instrument Testing and Point-of-Contact Tests

Methods of Ensuring Compliance - Sex Offender Notification Programs and Community Partnerships

Intermediate Sanctions in Different States

Juvenile Offenders

The Early History of Juvenile Probation

The Nature of Juvenile Probation

The Juvenile Court System

Juvenile Records

Adjudication Processes and Difference for Adult Courts

The Role of Child Protection

Family Services and Family Interventions

Risk Factors and Protective Factors for Juveniles

Juvenile Intensive Probation Supervision

Residential Treatment Programs

Treatment Programs and Types of Therapy

The Juvenile Gang Offender

Restorative Justice Techniques, Family Conferences, and Teen Courts

Specialized and Problematic Offender Typologies

Adult Sex Offenders

Sex Offender Typologies: Victim Chosen is Adult

Sex Offender Typologies: Child as Victim

Adult Sex Offenders in the Community

Substance Abusers

The Therapeutic Community

The Use of Drug Courts

Substance Abusers on Community Supervision

Self-Help Groups

Mentally Ill Offenders

Common Types of Mental Disorders in the Criminal Justice System

Anxiety and Stress-Related Disorders

Antisocial Personality Disorder, Psychopathy, and Other Mentally Disordered Offenders Who Have Heightened Risks of Violence

Diversity Issues and Cultural Competence in A Changing Era

Why is Diversity an Important Consideration?

The Notion of Cultural Competence

African American, Latino American, and Asian American Offenders in Metropolitan Areas

Minority Caseloads, Minority Gang Affiliations, Training for Community Supervision Staff

Female Offenders

Applied Theory: Feminist Criminology and the Female Offender

Program Evaluation and Future Trends in Community Corrections

Evaluation Research

Staffing Community Corrections Programs

Community Harm with Ineffective Programs

The Future of Community Corrections

The Media and Community Corrections

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