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9780321104083

Community of Readers, A: A Thematic Approach to Reading

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780321104083

  • ISBN10:

    0321104080

  • Edition: 3rd
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2004-01-01
  • Publisher: Longman
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Summary

Organized around high-interest contemporary themes, A Community of Readers, 2/e presents reading and study skills in the context of real-life issues. The authors use a unique pedagogical system called PRO (P-Prepare to Read, R-Read Actively and Reflect, and O-Organize to Learn) that is introduced in the first chapter and then reinforced in every chapter opening and chapter review, giving students a concrete learning device to follow. The second edition includes two new mastery tests in every chapter, 27 new readings, a new chapter on Vocabulary, as well as new marginal definitions throughout the text. For those interested in enhancing their reading skills.

Table of Contents

Readings by Discipline xix
To the Instructor xxiii
To the Student xxxi
Chapter 1 The Reading Process
Joining a Community of Readers
1(44)
PREPARE TO READ
2(3)
Purpose
2(1)
Previous Knowledge
2(1)
Preview and Predict
2(3)
READING 1 "Becoming a Student: Joining a Study Group"
Barbara Jordan
3(2)
THE READING PROCESS: PRO
5(23)
Preparing to Read
6(1)
Determining Your Purpose
6(1)
Previewing
6(1)
Previewing a Textbook
7(1)
Previewing a Chapter
8(1)
Previewing a Section
9(1)
Using Previous Knowledge
10(1)
Predicting What You Will Learn
10(2)
READING 2 "Motives to Work"
Carole Wade and Carol Tavris
12(3)
Reading Actively and Reflecting
15(1)
Reading Actively
15(2)
Reflecting
17(3)
Organizing and Using What You Have Read
20(1)
S: Selecting the Facts and Concepts You Need to Know
20(1)
U: Using the Material You've Selected
20(1)
R: Reciting the Information
21(1)
E: Examining Your Learning Periodically
21(1)
Table 1.1, The PRO Reading System
22(1)
READING 3 "Suburb High, USA: School or Prison?"
Marley Peifer
23(5)
CHAPTER REVIEW
28(4)
Reader's Checklist
28(1)
Critical Reflections
28(1)
Writing Activity
29(1)
Classroom Community
29(1)
Extend Your Thinking
30(1)
Visit the Web
30(2)
MASTERY TEST 1A "How to Remember"
Carole Wade and Carol Tavris
32(6)
MASTERY TEST 1B "What Is Collaborative Learning?"
Toni Haring-Smith
38(7)
Chapter 2 Working with Words
Computer Technology
45(61)
PREPARE TO READ
46(2)
Purpose
46(1)
Previous Knowledge
46(1)
Preview and Predict
46(1)
READING 1 "Living Without Computers"
George Beekman
47(1)
WORKING WITH WORDS
48(40)
Reading and Vocabulary
48(1)
Context Clues
49(1)
Definition and Synonym Clues
49(2)
Example Clues
51(1)
General Information Clues
52(1)
Contrast Clues
53(3)
READING 2 "Living with Computers"
George Beekman
56(6)
Word Parts
62(1)
Prefixes
62(1)
Table 2.1, Prefixes
62(3)
Roots
65(1)
Table 2.2, Roots
65(2)
Suffixes
67(1)
Table 2.3, Suffixes
68(2)
The Dictionary
70(1)
Parts of a Dictionary Entry
71(1)
Choosing the Correct Meaning from the Dictionary
72(5)
READING 3 "Computers and Jobs"
George Beekman
77(10)
Textbook Aids and Specialized Vocabulary
87(1)
CHAPTER REVIEW
88(3)
Reader's Checklist
88(1)
Critical Reflections
89(1)
Writing Activity
89(1)
Classroom Community
89(1)
Extend Your Thinking
89(1)
Visit the Web
89(2)
MASTERY TEST 2A "No Sacred Trust"
Connie Guglielmo
91(8)
MASTERY TEST 2 B "Ergonomics"
Timothy J. O'Leary and Linda L. O'Leary
99(7)
Chapter 3 Topics and Main Ideas
Our Food, Our Culture
106(63)
PREPARE TO READ
107(2)
Purpose
107(1)
Previous Knowledge
107(1)
Preview and Predict
107(1)
READING 1 "Oh, the Flavor of Your Fries"
Eric Schlosser
108(1)
TOPICS AND MAIN IDEAS
109(41)
Topics
109(1)
Main Ideas
110(1)
Stated Main Ideas in Paragraphs
111(5)
Restating Main Ideas
116(1)
Implied Main Ideas in Paragraphs
117(9)
Main Ideas in Short Passages
126(3)
Main Ideas in Articles and Longer Passages
129(5)
READING 2 "Fat Wars: Economics or Chemistry?"
Paul Hursel
134(10)
READING 3 "Easy Bake Ovens and Fashion Magazines: Women's Complex Relationships to Food and Eating"
Kelly Mayhew
144(6)
CHAPTER REVIEW
150(4)
Reader's Checklist
150(1)
Critical Reflections
151(1)
Writing Activity
151(1)
Classroom Community
152(1)
Extend Your Thinking
152(1)
Visit the Web
152(2)
MASTERY TEST 3A "Behind the Counter"
Eric Schlosser
154(8)
MASTERY TEST 3 B "What's in the Beef?"
Howard Lyman
162(7)
Chapter 4 Support for Main Ideas
Staying Well
169(56)
PREPARE To READ
170(3)
Purpose
170(1)
Previous Knowledge
170(1)
Preview and Predict
170(1)
READING 1 "Wellness: The New Health Goal"
Paul M. Insel, Walton T. Roth, L. McKay Rollins, and Ray A. Peterson
171(2)
SUPPORTING POINTS
173(5)
Major Supporting Points
173(1)
Minor Supporting Points
174(1)
Distinguishing Between Major and Minor Supporting Points
174(4)
ORGANIZING TO LEARN
178(27)
Marking Texts
178(3)
Making Bulleted Lists
181(1)
Outlining
182(2)
Summarizing
184(1)
The Process of Summarizing
184(1)
Writing Main Idea Sentences in Summaries
185(2)
READING 2 "Exercise for Health and Fitness"
Paul M. Insel et al.
187(7)
READING 3 "How Stress Works"
Bryan Williams and Sharon Knight
194(11)
CHAPTER REVIEW
205(3)
Reader's Checklist
205(1)
Critical Reflections
206(1)
Writing Activity
206(1)
Classroom Community
206(1)
Extend Your Thinking
207(1)
Visit the Web
207(1)
MASTERY TEST 4A "A Personal Stress Survival Guide"
Dianne Hales
208(9)
MASTERY TEST 4B "Smoking"
Dianne Hales
217(8)
Chapter 5 Patterns of Organization
Where We Live
225(58)
PREPARE TO READ
226(4)
Purpose
226(1)
Previous Knowledge
226(1)
Preview and Predict
226(1)
READING 1 "Cities and Suburbs"
William E. Thompson and Joseph V. Hickey
227(3)
PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION
230(22)
Chronological Order and Narration
231(1)
Transitions and Clues
232(1)
Organizing to Learn: Creating a Timeline
233(1)
Definition and Classification
234(1)
Transitions and Clues
234(1)
Organizing to Learn: Creating a Vocabulary list
234(2)
Exemplification
236(1)
Transitions and Clues
237(1)
Organizing to Learn: Creating an Outline and Map
237(3)
Cause and Effect
240(1)
Transitions and Clues
241(1)
Organizing to Learn: Creating a Chart
241(1)
Comparison and Contrast
242(1)
Transitions and Clues
243(1)
Organizing to Learn: Creating a Circle Diagram
243(2)
Process
245(1)
Transitions and Clues
246(1)
Organizing to Learn: Creating a Flow Chart
246(2)
READING 2 "The Growth of Cities in Nineteenth-Century America"
James Kirby Martin, Randy Roberts, Steven Mintz, Linda 0. McMurry, and James H. Jones
248(4)
COMBINED PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION
252(15)
Problem and Solution
252(1)
Transitions and Clues
253(1)
Organizing to Learn: Creating a Chart
254(2)
Argument
256(1)
Transitions and Clues
256(1)
Organizing to Learn: Using Many Options
256(1)
Table 5.1, Patterns of Organization
257(1)
READING 3 "Why Are People Homeless?"
National Coalition for the Homeless
258(9)
CHAPTER REVIEW
267(2)
Reader's Checklist
267(1)
Critical Reflections
267(1)
Writing Activity
268(1)
Classroom Community
268(1)
Extend Your Thinking
268(1)
Visit the Web
268(1)
MASTERY TEST 5A "Rootlessness"
David Morris
269(6)
MASTERY TEST 5B "Tijuana and San Diego: Contrasting Neighbors"
Enrique Dávalos
275(8)
Chapter 6 Interpreting Visual Aids
Working
283(66)
PREPARE TO READ
284(3)
Purpose
284(1)
Previous Knowledge
284(1)
Preview and Predict
284(1)
READING 1 "Telework: The Technomedia and the Changing Face of Work in the Twenty-First Century"
William E. Thompson and Joseph V. Hickey
285(2)
VISUAL AIDS
287(1)
Reading Visual Aids Actively
287(1)
Captions and Credits
288(1)
TYPES OF VISUAL AIDS
288(37)
Pictures
288(3)
Maps 290 Cartoons
291(2)
Line Graphs and Bar Graphs
293(5)
READING 2 "Inequality in the Workplace"
William E. Thompson and Joseph V. Hickey
298(8)
Tables
306(1)
Pie Charts
307(3)
Flow Charts and Diagrams
310(2)
Web Sites
312(4)
READING 3 "Human Factors and Working Conditions"
Robert D. Smither
316(9)
CHAPTER REVIEW
325(4)
Reader's Checklist
325(1)
Critical Reflections
326(1)
Writing Activity
326(1)
Classroom Community
327(1)
Extend Your Thinking
327(1)
Visit the Web
327(2)
MASTERY TEST 6A "Workers Feel Like Suckers"
Ralph Frammolino
329(8)
MASTERY TEST 6B "Wealth and Poverty"
Holly Sklar
337(12)
Chapter 7 Inferences and Reading Literature
Dealing With Gender
349(60)
PREPARE TO READ
350(3)
Purpose
350(1)
Previous Knowledge
350(1)
Preview and Predict
350(1)
READING 1 "Sex and Gender"
William E. Thompson and Joseph V. Hickey
351(2)
INFERENCES
353(14)
Inferences from Visual Aids
354(2)
Inferences in Textbooks
356(1)
Inferences in Autobiographies
357(3)
READING 2: "Sex, Lies, and Conversation"
Deborah Tannen
360(7)
INFERENCES FROM WORDS
367(6)
Connotations
367(2)
Irony
369(2)
READING 3 "Why I Want a Wife"
Judy Brady
371(2)
READING LITERATURE
373(18)
Imagery
374(1)
Similes
374(1)
Metaphors
375(4)
Poetry
379(3)
Fiction
382(1)
Table 7.1, Key Questions for Reading Fiction
382(1)
READING 4 "The Chase"
Alberto Moravia
383(8)
CHAPTER REVIEW
391(3)
Reader's Checklist
391(1)
Critical Reflections
391(1)
Writing Activity
392(1)
Classroom Community
392(1)
Extend Your Thinking
392(1)
Visit the Web
392(2)
MASTERY TEST 7A "Black Men and Public Space"
Brent Staples
394(1)
MASTERY TEST 7B "The Men We Carry in Our Minds"
Scott Russell Sanders
394(15)
Chapter 8 Facts and Opinions
Living in a Diverse Society
409(48)
PREPARE TO READ
410(3)
Purpose
410(1)
Previous Knowledge
410(1)
Preview and Predict
410(1)
READING 1 "America Singing"
Garrett Hongo
411(2)
FACT AND OPINION
413(4)
Fact
413(1)
Opinion
413(1)
Table 8.1, Facts and Opinions
414(1)
Recognizing Fact and Opinion
414(3)
EVALUATING FACTS
417(10)
What Are the Sources of the Facts?
417(1)
Which Facts Are Included?
418(2)
READING 2 "Colorblind: How Can You Have a Dialogue about Race When Blacks and Whites Can See No Gray?"
Alex Kotlowitz
420(7)
EVALUATING OPINIONS
427(13)
What Are the Author's Worldview and Viewpoint?
427(1)
What Is the Author's Purpose?
428(3)
Is the Author Biased?
431(2)
What Is the Author's Tone?
433(2)
READING 3 "Freeing Choices"
Nancy Mairs
435(5)
CHAPTER REVIEW
440(3)
Readers Checklist
440(1)
Critical Reflections
441(1)
Writing Activity
441(1)
Classroom Community
442(1)
Extend Your Thinking
442(1)
Visit the Web
442(1)
MASTERY TEST 8A "Rage"
Martin Espada
443(7)
MASTERY TEST 8B "Can We All Get Along?"
Al Martinez
450(7)
Chapter 9 Critical Thinking
Science, Society, and Disease
457(52)
PREPARE TO READ
458(4)
Purpose
458(1)
Previous Knowledge
458(1)
Preview and Predict
458(1)
READING 1 "This Is the End of the World: The Black Death"
Barbara Tuchman
459(3)
CRITICAL THINKING
462(15)
Analysis
463(1)
Synthesis
463(1)
Evaluation
463(1)
Using Critical Thinking to Solve Problems
464(2)
READING 2 "Pathology of the Black Death"
John P. McKay, Bennett D. Hill, and John Buckler
466(2)
Scientific Method
468(3)
Ethics
471(2)
READING 3 "AIDS: The Long War"
The Economist
473(4)
EVALUATING ARGUMENTS
477(10)
Examine the Evidence
477(1)
Consider the Structure
478(1)
Check for Fallacies
478(1)
Make Ethical Decisions
478(1)
Table 9.1, Key Questions for Evaluating Arguments
479(1)
READING 4 "The Going Rate on Shrinks: Big Pharma and the Buying of Psychiatry"
E. Fuller Torrey
479(8)
Chapter Review
487(3)
Reader's Checklist
487(1)
Critical Reflections
487(1)
Writing Activity
488(1)
Classroom Community
488(1)
Extend Your Thinking
488(1)
Visit the Web
488(2)
MASTERY TEST 9A "Emergency Rooms and the Uninsured"
Rudolph J. Mueller
490(9)
MASTERY TEST 9B "Making Well People 'Better'"
Pat Mooney
499(10)
Extend Your Thinking 509(62)
For Chapter 1 JOINING A COMMUNITY OF READERS: How We Learn"
Ricki Linksman
510(7)
For Chapter 2 COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY: "Robo-Rats: Scientists 'Drive' Rats by Remote Control"
Ben Harder
517(5)
For Chapter 3 OUR FOOD, OUR CULTURE: "Strange New World of Food"
Naomi Perian
522(5)
For Chapter 4 STAYING WELL: "Creativity and Longevity"
Norman Cousins
527(8)
For Chapter 5 WHERE WE LIVE : "Working with Our Hands"
Jimmy Carter and Rosalynn Carter
535(6)
For Chapter 6 WORKING: "Criminals at Work"
Hugh D. Barlow and David Kauzlarich
541(7)
For Chapter 7 DEALING WITH GENDER: "Ties"
Kelvin Christopher lames
548(11)
For Chapter 8 LIVING IN A DIVERSE SOCIETY: "Shame"
Dick Gregory
559(5)
For Chapter 9 SCIENCE, SOCIETY, AND DISEASE: "As Sick As It Gets"
Rudolph Mueller, MD
564(7)
A Reader's Toolkit 571(20)
Note Taking: The Cornell Note-Taking System
572(4)
Test Taking
576(4)
Writing Tips for Readers
580(1)
Reader Response Journals
581(2)
Evaluating Web Sites
583(4)
Suggested Reading for Book Reports
587(4)
Bibliography 591(3)
Text Credits 594(4)
Photo and Art Credits 598(1)
Index 599
3540441131
1 The Healthy Breast 1(28)
Normal and Abnormal Development
1(5)
Anatomy of the Ducts and Lobules
6(7)
Lobule
6(1)
Milk Ducts
7(6)
Other Components of the Breast
13(3)
Nipple-Areola Complex
13(1)
Areola
13(1)
Connective Tissue
14(1)
Fatty Tissue
15(1)
Arteries and Veins
15(1)
Lymphatics and Intramammary Lymph Nodes
15(1)
Skin
15(1)
Pectoralis Muscle
15(1)
Physiologic and Nonphysiologic Changes and Breast Composition
16(10)
The Menstrual Cycle
20(1)
Pregnancy
21(1)
Lactation
21(1)
Hormonal Contraception
22(1)
Hormone Replacement and Breast Composition
22(1)
Hormone-Independent Factors
23(1)
Classification of Different Breast Compositions
24(1)
Cancer Risk
25(1)
The Male Breast
26(1)
References
26(3)
2 Lesions of the Terminal Ducts and Lobules 29(52)
Distention of the Acini
29(14)
Proliferation of the Intralobular Connective Tissue
43(32)
Sclerosing (Fibrosing) Adenosis
43(4)
Fibroadenomatous Tumors: Fibroadenoma
47(8)
Cystosarcoma Phylloides
55(5)
Fibroadenolipoma (Hamartoma) and Its Variants
60(4)
Epithelial Changes in the Terminal Ductal Lobular Unit
64(1)
Apocrine Epithelium (Apocrine Metaplasia)
64(1)
Epithelial Hyperplasias (Epitheliosis, Papillomatosis, Atypical Epithelial Hyperplasia)
65(1)
Lobular Carcinoma In Situ
65(3)
Intracystic Papillary Lesions
68(3)
Proliferating Epithelium and Fibroadenoma
71(4)
Degenerative, Metaplastic, and Sarcomatous Changes in Proliferating Intralobular Connective Tissue
75(2)
References
77(4)
3 Lesions of the Ductal System 81(58)
Abnormal Nipple Discharge, Duct Ectasia
81(9)
Ductal Epithelial Proliferation and Neoplasia
90(32)
Simple Hyperplasia
90(3)
Atypical Hyperplasia
93(1)
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
94(28)
Intraductal Papillomas and Papillary Carcinomas
122(10)
Intraductal Papillary Carcinoma
132(2)
Ductal Calcifications in Hypercalcemia
134(1)
References,
135(4)
4 Simultaneous Lobular and Intraductal Changes 139(6)
Mastopathy (Fibrocystic Change)
139(2)
Lobular Cancerization
141(2)
References
143(2)
5 Malignant and Benign Lobular and Ductal Lesions with Perifocal Reactions 145(68)
Lesions Associated with Pronounced Reactive Fibrosis
145(22)
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma with Marked Desmoplasia
145(11)
Extensive Intraductal Component
156(9)
Multifocality, Multicentricity
165(2)
Tumorlike Form of Sclerosing Adenosis, Periductal Fibrosis, Radial Scar, and Tubular Carcinoma
167(10)
Tumorlike Form of Sclerosing Adenosis
167(2)
Periductal Fibrosis and Radial Scar
169(6)
Tubular Carcinoma
175(2)
Lesions Associated with Scant Reactive Fibrosis
177(19)
Medullary Carcinoma
177(3)
Mucinous Carcinoma
180(3)
Invasive Lobular (Small Cell) Carcinoma
183(13)
Skin Changes Associated with Invasive Carcinomas
196(11)
Paget's Disease of the Nipple and Areola
197(2)
Inflammatory Carcinoma
199(4)
Skin and Nipple Retraction
203(3)
Ulceration
206(1)
Cutaneous Metastases
207(1)
Hematomas
207(1)
References
207(6)
6 Lesions That Arise Outside the Ducts and Lobules 213(114)
Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue
213(12)
Sebaceous Gland Changes
213(5)
Skin Tumors
218(4)
Calcifications of the Epidermis and Subcutaneous Tissue: Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
222(1)
Nipple Changes
223(1)
Bowen's Disease
223(1)
Papillary Adenoma or Florid Papillomatosis of the Nipple
223(1)
Cardiac Edema
224(1)
Leiomyomas
224(1)
Fatty Tissue Changes
225(8)
Lipoma
225(1)
Fat Necrosis
226(4)
Panniculitis
230(3)
Fibrotic Changes
233(22)
Focal Fibrosis
233(1)
Extra-abdominal Fibromatosis (Desmoid)
234(2)
Diabetic Fibrosis of the Breast (Diabetic Mastopathy)
236(3)
Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia
239(2)
Myoflbroblastoma
241(1)
Acute Mastitis
242(3)
Granulomatous Stromal Changes
245(1)
Tuberculous Mastitis
246(2)
Actinomycosis
248(1)
Sarcoidosis (Boeck's Disease)
248(2)
Granulating Mastitis
250(2)
Wegener Granulomatosis
252(1)
Foreign Body Granulomas
253(2)
Vascular Changes
255(19)
Vascular Calcifications
255(2)
Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome
257(1)
Mondor's Disease
257(5)
Enlarged Veins
262(2)
False Aneurysm of the Breast
264(1)
Hemangiomas, Angiomatosis
265(1)
Angiosarcomas
266(3)
Percutaneous Biopsy
269(3)
Kaposi Sarcoma
272(1)
Hemangiopericytoma
273(1)
Granular Cell Tumor
274(1)
Metastases to the Breast
275(3)
Lymph Node Changes
278(11)
Fat Involution (Fatty Degeneration)
278(2503)
Lymphadenitis
2781
Cat Scratch Disease
280(1)
Silicone Lymphadenitis
280(1)
Sinus Histiocytosis
281(1)
Axillary Lymph Node Metastases
281(8)
Sarcomas
289(6)
Fibrosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
290(1)
Leiomyosarcoma
291(2)
Osteosarcoma
293(2)
Lymphopoietic and Hematopoietic Tumors
295(6)
Hodgkin Lymphoma
295(1)
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
296(4)
Granulocytosarcoma (Chloroma)
300(1)
Foreign Bodies in the Breast
301(15)
Accidental Foreign Bodies
301(2)
Breast Augmentation: Paraffin Implantation
303(1)
Fat Implantation
303(2)
Silicone Implants
305(5)
Breast Enlargement by Silicone Injection
310(2)
Parasitic Diseases: Filariasis
312(2)
Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis)
314(1)
Sparganosis
314(1)
Echinococcus granulosus
314(2)
Trichinella spiralis
316(1)
Cysticercosis
316(1)
References
316(11)
7 Diseases of the Male Breast 327(20)
Lobular Changes
327(1)
Intraductal Proliferative Changes
328(1)
Intraductal and Intralobular Changes with Perifocal Reactions
329(3)
Duct Ectasia with Periductal Mastitis
329(1)
Invasive Ductal Carcinomas
329(3)
Invasive Lobular (Small-Cell) Carcinoma
332(1)
Lesions That Arise Outside the Ducts
332(3)
Metastases
332(2)
Inflammatory Changes
334(1)
Gynecomastia
335(9)
References
344(3)
Subject Index 347(6)
Sources for Illustrations 353

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