Comparative Politics Domestic Responses to Global Challenges

by Hauss, Charles

• ISBN13: 9780534567545
• ISBN10: 0534567541
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-08-03
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This comprehensive text focuses on traditional issues and concepts in comparative politics, using a unique theme: domestic responses to global challenges. The author examines the growing interdependence among strong and weak states and discusses 12 countries, including the U.S. and the European community, to help students develop their skills of comparison, synthesis and interpretation, the author organized the text by economic development.

Table of Contents

List of Tables	vi
List of Figures	viii
Preface	xv
Acknowledgments	xvii
PART 1 INTRODUCTION	1	(34)
Seeking New Lands, Seeing with New Eyes	1	(18)
Three Leaders	4	(1)
The State: One Focus among Many	5	(3)
Politics and Power	5	(1)
The State	6	(1)
Types of States	6	(2)
Strong and Weak States	8	(1)
Comparative Politics	8	(7)
Comparison	8	(1)
Three Templates	9	(5)
Five Themes	14	(1)
Three Analytical Principles	14	(1)
Using This Book	15	(4)
Key Terms	17	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	17	(1)
Further Reading	17	(2)
The United States	19	(16)
The Budgetary Train Wreck	20	(1)
Thinking about the United States: American Exceptionalism	21	(1)
Key Questions	21	(1)
The United States: The Basics	22	(1)
The Making of the American State	22	(2)
The American People and Politics	24	(3)
The American Political Culture	24	(1)
The American People and Politics Today	25	(2)
The Weak American State	27	(5)
The Legislative Process	27	(3)
The Rest of the Weak State	30	(2)
Public Policy	32	(1)
Feedback	33	(1)
The Bottom Line	33	(1)
Key Terms	34	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	34	(1)
Further Reading	34	(1)
PART 2 INDUSTRIALIZED DEMOCRACIES	35	(194)
The Industrialized Democracies	36	(25)
Thinking about Democracy	37	(4)
Key Questions	37	(1)
The Basics	38	(3)
Who They Are	41	(1)
The Origins of the Democratic State	41	(5)
The Early Democracies	42	(2)
The Late Democracies	44	(2)
Political Culture and Participation	46	(6)
The Civic Culture?	46	(1)
Political Parties, Voting, and Elections	46	(5)
Interest Groups	51	(1)
Political Protest	52	(1)
The Democratic State	52	(3)
Presidential and Parliamentary Systems	52	(2)
The Broader State	54	(1)
Public Policy	55	(2)
The Interventionist State	55	(1)
Foreign Policy	56	(1)
Feedback	57	(1)
The Worst Form of Government Except for all the Others?	58	(3)
Key Terms	59	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	59	(1)
Further Reading	59	(2)
Great Britain	61	(35)
The Blair Revolution?	62	(1)
Thinking about Britain	62	(3)
Key Questions	62	(2)
The Basics	64	(1)
The Evolution of the British State	65	(5)
Evolution, Not Revolution	65	(1)
The Broad Sweep of British History	66	(2)
The Collectivist Consensus	68	(2)
Since the Collapse of the Collectivist Consensus	70	(1)
British Political Culture	70	(2)
The Civic Culture and the Collectivist Years	70	(1)
The Politics of Protest: Toward and Uncivic Culture?	70	(1)
The Civic Culture Holds	71	(1)
Political Participation	72	(10)
The Conservatives	73	(2)
Labour	75	(2)
The Liberal Democrats	77	(2)
Minor Parties	79	(1)
The British Electorate	80	(1)
Interest Groups	81	(1)
The British State: Enduring Myths and Changing Realities	82	(6)
The Monarchy and the Lords: Still Dignified?	82	(1)
Parliamentary Sovereignty: Sort of	83	(2)
Cabinet Government?	85	(1)
The Rest of the State	86	(1)
Labour and Constitutional Reform	87	(1)
Public Policy: The Thatcher and Blair Revolutions	88	(5)
The Retreat from the Commanding Heights	88	(2)
Blair and the Third Way	90	(1)
Foreign Policy	90	(3)
Feedback	93	(3)
Key Terms	94	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	94	(1)
Further Reading	94	(2)
France	96	(37)
The Socialists Win Again	97	(1)
Thinking about France	98	(2)
Key Questions	98	(1)
The Basics	99	(1)
The Evolution of the French State: Centuries of Turmoil	100	(5)
Transformation and Division	100	(1)
Traditional Republican Politics: A Vicious Circle	101	(2)
The Fourth Republic	103	(1)
De Gaulle and the Fifth Republlic	104	(1)
Political Culture: From Alienation to Consensus	105	(4)
Taming Political Protest	106	(2)
New Division	108	(1)
Political Participation	109	(7)
Renewing the Party System	110	(4)
Why These Changes Happened: The French Electoral System	114	(1)
Uncertainties at Century's End	115	(1)
Interest Groups	115	(1)
The French State	116	(7)
A New Constitution for a New State	116	(4)
The Intergrated Elite	120	(2)
Local Government	122	(1)
The Courts	123	(1)
Public Policy: The Pursuit of Grandeur	123	(7)
Economic Policy	123	(3)
Foreign Policy	126	(4)
Feedback	130	(1)
Conclusion	131	(2)
Key Terms	132	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	132	(1)
Further Reading	132	(1)
Germany	133	(35)
The End of an Era	134	(1)
Thinking about Germany	135	(1)
The Basics	135	(1)
Key Questions	136	(1)
The Evolution of the German State: The German Questions	136	(9)
Unification and the Kaiser's Reich	137	(2)
Weimar and the Rise of Hitler	139	(1)
The Third Reich	140	(2)
Occupation and the Two Germanys	142	(1)
Building a Democratic Germany	143	(2)
Creating a Democratic Political Culture	145	(2)
Political Participation	147	(7)
Parties and the Electoral Process	147	(2)
The Christian Democrats	149	(1)
The Social Democrats	150	(2)
The Free Democrats	152	(1)
The Greens	152	(1)
The Party of Democratic Socialism	153	(1)
The Far Right	153	(1)
Interest Groups	154	(1)
The German State: A Smoothly Functioning Democracy	154	(6)
Chancellor Democracy	154	(1)
The Bundestag	155	(1)
The Bundesrat	156	(1)
The Federal System	157	(1)
The Civil Service	157	(1)
The Constitutional Court	158	(1)
Corporatism	158	(2)
Public Policy: Modell Deutschland	160	(5)
The Social Market Economy	161	(1)
Unification	162	(3)
Feedback	165	(3)
Key Terms	166	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	167	(1)
Further Reading	167	(1)
The European Union	168	(22)
Thinking about the EU	169	(2)
What's in a Name?	169	(1)
Who's in? Who's Out?	170	(1)
Three Pillars	170	(1)
Key Questions	170	(1)
The Evolution of the EU	171	(5)
Not Such a New Idea	171	(2)
Creating the Common Market	173	(3)
Political Culture and Participation in the EU	176	(1)
The European State?	177	(7)
The Commission	177	(2)
The Council	179	(1)
The European Court of Justice	180	(1)
The European Parliament	181	(1)
The Complexities of EU Decision Making	181	(1)
Broadening and Deepening	182	(1)
The EU and National Sovereignty	183	(1)
Public Policy in the EU	184	(3)
The Internal Market	184	(2)
The CAP	186	(1)
Monetary Union	186	(1)
Political Union	187	(1)
Feedback and the Future of the EU	187	(1)
A Late-Breaking Conclusion	188	(2)
Key Terms	189	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	189	(1)
Further Reading	189	(1)
Japan	190	(39)
Plus Ca Change, Plus C'est La Meme Chose?	191	(1)
Thinking about Japan	192	(5)
The Basics	192	(3)
Political Continuity?	195	(1)
Key Questions	196	(1)
The Evolution of Japanese Politics	197	(8)
Before the West Arrived	197	(1)
The Meiji Restoration and the Rise of Imperial Japan	198	(5)
Occupation and the Contemporary Japanese State	203	(2)
Political Culture: Groupism v. Individualism	205	(3)
Political Participation and Elections: The End of the LDP Era?	208	(6)
Why the LDP Kept Winning: Money Politics, Factionalism, and the Electoral System	208	(4)
The Other Parties	212	(2)
The LDP Again: Victory by Default?	214	(1)
The Japanese State: The Iron Triangle	214	(5)
Constitutional Basics	214	(1)
The LDP in Power	215	(2)
The Iron Triangle	217	(2)
Public Policy: Japan as Number One?	219	(5)
Domestic Policy	219	(4)
Foreign Policy	223	(1)
Feedback	224	(1)
Conclusion	225	(4)
Key Terms	226	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	226	(1)
Further Reading	227	(2)
PART 3 THE CRISIS OF COMMUNISM	229	(98)
Current and Former Communist Regimes	230	(25)
Thinking about the Current and Former Communist World	233	(3)
The Unthinkable	233	(1)
What Is/Was the Communist World?	233	(1)
Common Origins	234	(1)
The Transition: Key Questions	235	(1)
The Evolution of Communist Regimes	236	(6)
Socialism	236	(1)
Marxism	236	(3)
Marxism-Leninism	239	(1)
Stalinism	239	(1)
Expansion	240	(1)
De-Stalinization	241	(1)
The Marxist-Leninist State	242	(2)
The Party State	242	(1)
The Graying of Communism	243	(1)
The Crisis of Communism: Suicide by Public Policy	244	(5)
Reform: Too Little, Too Late	244	(2)
1989: The Year That Changed the World	246	(2)
The Remnants of the Communist World	248	(1)
Transitions	249	(4)
Feedback	253	(2)
Key Terms	254	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	254	(1)
Further Reading	254	(1)
Russia	255	(37)
The Health of the President and the Presidency	256	(1)
Thinking about Russia	257	(2)
Diversity	257	(1)
Poverty	257	(1)
The Environment	258	(1)
Key Questions	258	(1)
The Evolution of the Russian State	259	(8)
The Broad Sweep of Russian History	259	(1)
The Wrong Revolution?	260	(2)
Stalin, Terror, and the Modernization of the Soviet Union	262	(3)
Khrushchev, Brezhnev, and the Politics of Decline	265	(2)
The Soviet State and Its Collapse: The Gorbachev Years	267	(8)
The Party State	267	(1)
Reform	268	(4)
Crisis and Collapse	272	(1)
Birth Pangs	273	(2)
Political Culture and Participation	275	(6)
Political Culture	275	(1)
Parties and Elections	276	(5)
The Russian State	281	(4)
A Presidential Republic	281	(1)
Parliament	281	(1)
The Bureaucracy	282	(1)
The Judiciary	282	(1)
Federalism	283	(1)
The Military	284	(1)
Behind the Scenes	285	(1)
Public Policy	285	(3)
The Economy	285	(2)
Foreign Policy	287	(1)
Feedback	288	(1)
Conclusion: The Succession	289	(3)
Key Terms	290	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	290	(1)
Further Reading	290	(2)
China	292	(35)
The Succession	293	(1)
Thinking about China	294	(2)
The Basics	294	(1)
Key Questions	295	(1)
The Evolution of the Chinese State	296	(10)
The Broad Sweep of Chinese History	296	(1)
Failed Revolution	297	(1)
China Stands Up	298	(3)
Factionalism	301	(5)
Factionalism since Mao's Death	306	(1)
Political Culture and Participation	306	(8)
A Blank Slate? Cultural Revolution?	307	(3)
Participation from the Top Down	310	(1)
Change in the Countryside	311	(1)
Dissent and Democratization	311	(3)
The Party State	314	(3)
Public Policy: Perestroika without Glasnost	317	(6)
Economic Reform	317	(4)
Foreign Policy	321	(2)
Feedback	323	(1)
Kardan or Communism	323	(4)
Key Terms	325	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	326	(1)
Further Reading	326	(1)
PART 4 THE THIRD WORLD	327	(178)
The Third World	328	(27)
Buildings and Politics	329	(1)
Thinking about the Third World	330	(6)
Why Study the Third World?	330	(1)
The Basics	331	(4)
Key Questions	335	(1)
The Evolution of Politics in the Third World	336	(2)
Imperialism and Its Legacy	336	(1)
Independence	337	(1)
Postcolonial Problems	338	(1)
Political Culture in the Third World	338	(2)
Identity	338	(1)
Division	339	(1)
Lack of Legitimacy	340	(1)
Political Participation	340	(2)
Weak States	342	(3)
Types of States	342	(2)
States and Power	344	(1)
Public Policy: The Myths and Realities of Development	345	(6)
Import Substitution	346	(1)
Structural Adjustment	347	(1)
Foreign Aid	348	(2)
The Debt Trap	350	(1)
Microcredit	350	(1)
Feedback	351	(1)
Democratization	352	(3)
Key Terms	353	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	354	(1)
Further Reading	354	(1)
India	355	(38)
Thinking about India	356	(4)
The Basics	356	(3)
Key Questions	359	(1)
The Evolution of Indian Politics	360	(9)
The Weight of History	360	(1)
British Colonialism	361	(2)
The Struggle for Independence	363	(2)
The New Republic	365	(1)
Centralization and Fragmentation	366	(2)
Coalition Politics	368	(1)
Poltical Culture	369	(3)
Political Culture in the New India	370	(1)
Challenges to Culture and Country	370	(2)
Political Participation	372	(8)
Beyond the Congress System	372	(2)
The BJP	374	(2)
The Other Parties	376	(1)
The Conduct of Elections in India	377	(1)
Interest Groups	378	(2)
The Indian State	380	(3)
The British Legacy	380	(1)
Parliament	380	(1)
The Bureaucracy	381	(1)
Federalism	381	(2)
Pragmatism over Principle?	383	(1)
Public Policy	383	(7)
Confronting Communal Violence	383	(3)
The Economy	386	(4)
Feedback	390	(1)
Democracy in India and the Third World	390	(3)
Key Terms	391	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	392	(1)
Further Reading	392	(1)
Iraq	393	(40)
An Election in Name Only?	394	(1)
Thinking about Iraq	395	(3)
Why Study Iraq?	395	(1)
The Politics of Fear	396	(1)
Economic Potential	397	(1)
Diversity	397	(1)
Key Questions	398	(1)
The Evolution of the Iraqi State	398	(2)
Where Does Iraq Come From?	399	(1)
Iraq's Difficult Beginnings	399	(1)
Independent Iraq	400	(1)
Iraqi Political Culture and Participation	400	(12)
The Kurdish Question	401	(1)
Shiite v. Sunni	402	(3)
Cultural Pluralism	405	(1)
Parochial Loyalties	406	(1)
Secrecy, Introversion, and the Distrust of Outsiders	407	(1)
The Tradition of Political Violence	408	(2)
The Political Culture of the Baath Elite	410	(2)
Minimal Opposition	412	(1)
The Iraqi State	412	(7)
A Primitive Cult of Personality	412	(2)
The Formal Structure of Government	414	(4)
The Informal Chain of Command: Saddam Hussein and His Kin	418	(1)
Public Policy	419	(11)
Subordinating Policy to Power	419	(4)
Saddam's Wars: Iraq's Rise and Demise as a Regional Power	423	(7)
Feedback	430	(1)
Conclusion: Saddam Hussein and the Future of Iraq	430	(3)
Key Terms	431	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	431	(1)
Further Reading	432	(1)
South Africa	433	(35)
The Anatomy of a Miracle	434	(1)
Thinking about South Africa	434	(3)
Two Nations	434	(2)
Apartheid and Its Legacy	436	(1)
Key Questions	437	(1)
The Apartheid State	437	(9)
The Evolution of the Apartheid State	437	(3)
Political Culture and Participation	440	(2)
The State	442	(2)
Public Policy	444	(2)
The New South Africa	446	(19)
Tomorrow Is Another Country	446	(7)
The Task Ahead	453	(1)
Political Culture	454	(1)
Political Participation	455	(4)
The New State	459	(2)
Public Policy	461	(4)
Feedback	465	(1)
South Africa: In Peril or a Role Model?	465	(3)
Key Terms	466	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	467	(1)
Further Reading	467	(1)
Mexico	468	(37)
A Country in Crisis	469	(1)
Thinking about Mexico	469	(4)
The Basics	470	(1)
Key Questions	471	(1)
Big Brother IS Watching	472	(1)
The Evolution of Mexican Politics	473	(7)
Before the Revolution	473	(1)
Independence	473	(2)
The Revolution	475	(1)
Institutionalizing the Revolution	476	(1)
Cardenas and His Legacy	477	(1)
An Institutional Revolutionary Party	478	(2)
Political Culture	480	(2)
Political Participation in Mexico	482	(5)
The PRI and Its Hold on Power	483	(1)
Corporatism	484	(1)
The Opposition	485	(1)
The People, the PRI, and Civil Society	486	(1)
The Mexican State	487	(5)
The End of an Era?	487	(1)
The Party State and Presidential Domination	487	(2)
The Bureaucracy and the Judiciary	489	(1)
Congress and the Legislative Process	490	(1)
The Federal System	491	(1)
The Military	491	(1)
Corporatism and Corruption	491	(1)
Public Policy	492	(10)
Debt and Development	492	(5)
U.S.-Mexican Relations	497	(5)
Feedback	502	(1)
Mexico and the Third World	502	(3)
Key Terms	503	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	503	(1)
Further Reading	503	(2)
PART 5 TOWARD THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY	505	(15)
Global Challenges and Domestic Responses	506	(14)
Our Shrinking Planet	507	(5)
The Growing Cost of Violence and War	508	(1)
Abusing the Environment	509	(2)
The Perilous Global Economy	511	(1)
Lives without Dignity	512	(1)
The Wheel of Fortune	512	(1)
Constraints on States and Citizens	513	(1)
Everything Has Changed Save the Way We Think	514	(4)
Student and Citizen	518	(2)
Key Terms	518	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	518	(1)
Further Reading	519	(1)
Glossary	520	(13)
Endontes	533	(3)
Name Index	536	(5)
Subject Index	541