Computer Organization and Architecture : Designing for Performance

by Stallings, William

• ISBN13: 9780131856448
• ISBN10: 0131856448
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

With up-to-date coverage of modern architectural approaches, this handbook provides a thorough discussion of the fundamentals of computer organization and architecture, as well as the critical role of performance in driving computer design.Captures the fieldrs"s continued innovations and improvements, with input from active practitioners. Reviews the two most prevalent approaches: superscalar, which has come to dominate the microprocessor design field, including the widely used Pentium; and EPIC, seen in the IA-64 architecture of Intel's Itanium. Views systems from both the architectural and organizational perspectives. Includes coverage of critical topics, such as bus organization, computer arithmetic, I/O modules, RISC, memory, and parallel processors.For professionals in computer product marketing or information system configuration and maintenance.

Author Biography

WILLIAM STALLINGS has made a unique contribution to understanding the broad sweep of technical developments in computer networking and computer architecture. He has authored 17 titles, plus revised editions, for a total of 37 books on various aspects of these subjects. He has three times received the award for best Computer Science Textbook of the Year from the Text and Academic Authors Association (Computer Organization and Architecture, Prentice Hall, 1996; Data and Computer Communications, Prentice Hall, 1997; Operating Systems, Prentice Hall, 1998). In over 20 years in the field, Dr. Stallings has been a technical contributor, technical manager and an executive with several high-technology firms. Currently he is an independent consultant whose clients have included computer and networking manufacturers and customers, software development firms and leading-edge government research institutions. Dr. Stallings is a frequent lecturer and a regular contributor to technical journals and trade publications. Dr. Stallings holds a Ph.D. from MIT in computer science and a B.S. from Notre Dame in electrical engineering.

Table of Contents

Web Site	p. vi
Preface	p. ix
Overview	p. 1
Introduction	p. 3
Organization and Architecture	p. 5
Structure and Function	p. 6
Outline of the Book	p. 12
Internet and Web Resources	p. 15
Computer Evolution and Performance	p. 17
A Brief History of Computers	p. 19
Designing for Performance	p. 39
Pentium and PowerPC Evolution	p. 43
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	p. 46
Problems	p. 47
The Computer System	p. 49
System Buses	p. 51
Computer Components	p. 53
Computer Function	p. 56
Interconnection Structures	p. 69
Bus Interconnection	p. 71
PCI	p. 80
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	p. 89
Problems	p. 90
Timing Diagrams	p. 92
Internal Memory	p. 95
Computer Memory System Overview	p. 97
Semiconductor Main Memory	p. 103
Cache Memory	p. 117
Pentium II and PowerPC Cache Organizations	p. 132
Advanced DRAM Organization	p. 137
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	p. 142
Problems	p. 143
Performance Characteristics of Two-Level Memories	p. 145
External Memory	p. 153
Magnetic Disk	p. 155
RAID	p. 163
Optical Memory	p. 172
Magnetic Tape	p. 177
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	p. 178
Problems	p. 179
Input/Output	p. 181
External Devices	p. 184
I/O Modules	p. 188
Programmed I/O	p. 191
Interrupt-Driven I/O	p. 195
Direct Memory Access	p. 203
I/O Channels and Processors	p. 207
The External Interface: SCSI and FireWire	p. 209
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	p. 223
Problems	p. 224
Operating System Support	p. 227
Operating System Overview	p. 229
Scheduling	p. 241
Memory Management	p. 247
Pentium II and PowerPC Memory Management	p. 259
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	p. 268
Problems	p. 269
The Central Processing Unit	p. 271
Computer Arithmetic	p. 273
The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)	p. 275
Integer Representation	p. 276
Integer Arithmetic	p. 282
Floating-Point Representation	p. 298
Floating-Point Arithmetic	p. 305
Recommended Reading and Web Sites	p. 314
Problems	p. 315
Number Systems	p. 317
Instruction Sets: Characteristics and Functions	p. 323
Machine Instruction Characteristics	p. 325
Types of Operands	p. 331
Pentium II and PowerPC Data Types	p. 333
Types of Operations	p. 336
Pentium II and PowerPC Operation Types	p. 349
Assembly Language	p. 358
Recommended Reading	p. 360
Problems	p. 360
Stacks	p. 364
Little-, Big-, and Bi-Endian	p. 368
Instruction Sets: Addressing Modes and Formats	p. 373
Addressing	p. 375
Pentium and PowerPC Addressing Modes	p. 382
Instruction Formats	p. 388
Pentium and PowerPC Instruction Formats	p. 397
Recommended Reading	p. 402
Problems	p. 402
CPU Structure and Function	p. 405
Processor Organization	p. 407
Register Organization	p. 409
The Instruction Cycle	p. 414
Instruction Pipelining	p. 419
The Pentium Processor	p. 434
The PowerPC Processor	p. 443
Recommended Reading	p. 450
Problems	p. 451
Reduced Instruction Set Computers	p. 455
Instruction Execution Characteristics	p. 458
The Use of a Large Register File	p. 462
Compiler-Based Register Optimization	p. 467
Reduced Instruction Set Architecture	p. 469
RISC Pipelining	p. 476
MIPS R4000	p. 480
SPARC	p. 488
The RISC versus CISC Controversy	p. 494
Recommended Reading	p. 495
Problems	p. 496
Instruction-Level Parallelism and Superscalar Processors	p. 499
Overview	p. 501
Design Issues	p. 506
Pentium II	p. 515
PowerPC	p. 521
MIPS R10000	p. 529
UltraSPARC-II	p. 531
IA-64/Merced	p. 534
Recommended Reading	p. 545
Problems	p. 546
The Control Unit	p. 551
Control Unit Operation	p. 553
Micro-operations	p. 555
Control of the Processor	p. 561
Hardwired Implementation	p. 573
Recommended Reading	p. 575
Problems	p. 576
Microprogrammed Control	p. 577
Basic Concepts	p. 579
Microinstruction Sequencing	p. 588
Microinstruction Execution	p. 593
TI 8800	p. 605
Applications of Microprogramming	p. 615
Recommended Reading	p. 616
Problems	p. 617
Parallel Organization	p. 619
Parallel Processing	p. 621
Multiple Processor Organizations	p. 623
Symmetric Multiprocessors	p. 625
Cache Coherence and the MESI Protocol	p. 635
Clusters	p. 642
Nonuniform Memory Access	p. 646
Vector Computation	p. 650
Recommended Reading	p. 663
Problems	p. 664
Digital Logic	p. 669
Boolean Algebra	p. 670
Gates	p. 672
Combinational Circuits	p. 675
Sequential Circuits	p. 696
Problems	p. 707
Projects for Teaching Computer Organization and Architecture	p. 709
Research Projects	p. 710
Simulation Projects	p. 710
Reading/Report Assignments	p. 712
Glossary	p. 713
References	p. 725
Index	p. 739
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