Conceptual Physical Science

by Hewitt, Paul G.; Suchocki, John; Hewitt, Leslie A.

• ISBN13: 9780673463791
• ISBN10: 0673463796
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1994-01-01
• Publisher: Addison-Wesley

Summary

Conceptual Physical Science, Third Edition takes learning physical science to a new level by combining HewittÕs leading conceptual approach and friendly writing style in a new edition that provides stronger integration of the sciences, more quantitative coverage, and a wealth of new media resources to help readers. The dynamic new media program includes hundreds of animations and interactive tutorials developed specifically for students taking physical science courses. Media references throughout the book point readers to additional online help. KEY TOPICS The bookÕs consistent, high-quality coverage includes five new chapters on chemistry, astronomy, and earth science for an even more balanced approach to physical science. For college instructors, students, or anyone interested in physical science.

Table of Contents

Conceptual Physical Science Photo Album	x
To the Student	xi
To the Instructor	xii
Acknowledgments	xvii
Prologue: About Science	1	(1)
Mathematics and Scientific Measurements	2	(5)
The Scientific Method	7	(1)
The Scientific Attitude	8	(2)
Science, Art, and Religion	10	(1)
Science and Technology	11	(1)
Physics, Chemistry, Geology, and Astronomy	12	(3)
PART 1 Mechanics	15	(124)
Motion	16	(18)
Speed	17	(3)
Velocity	20	(3)
Acceleration	23	(2)
Free Fall	25	(9)
Newton's Laws of Motion	34	(23)
Newton's First Law of Motion	35	(4)
Newton's Second Law of Motion	39	(8)
Newton's Third Law of Motion	47	(10)
Momentum and Energy	57	(24)
Momentum	57	(1)
Impulse Changes Momentum	58	(4)
Conservation of Momentum	62	(2)
Energy	64	(1)
Work	65	(1)
Work Changes Energy	66	(4)
Kinetic Energy and Momentum Compared	70	(1)
Conservation of Energy	70	(2)
Power	72	(1)
Machines	73	(3)
Sources of Energy	76	(5)
Gravity and Satellite Motion	81	(30)
The Universal Law of Gravity	82	(5)
Tides	87	(1)
Weight and Weightlessness	88	(2)
Projectile Motion	90	(7)
Satellite Motion	97	(6)
Energy Conservation and Satellite Motion	103	(2)
Escape Speed	105	(6)
Fluid Mechanics	111	(28)
Density	111	(2)
Pressure	113	(3)
Buoyancy in a Liquid	116	(1)
Archimedes' Principle	117	(2)
Flotation	119	(1)
Pressure in a Gas	120	(2)
Atmospheric Pressure	122	(6)
Buoyancy in a Gas	128	(1)
Bernoulli's Principle	129	(10)
PART 2 Heat	139	(60)
Thermal Energy	140	(21)
Temperature	141	(1)
Heat	142	(2)
Quantity of Heat	144	(1)
Specific Heat Capacity	144	(3)
Thermal Expansion	147	(1)
Change of Phase	148	(13)
Heat Transfer	161	(20)
Conduction	161	(2)
Convection	163	(4)
Radiation	167	(4)
Newton's Law of Cooling	171	(1)
The Greenhouse Effect	172	(1)
Solar Power	173	(1)
Global Warming	174	(3)
The Thermos Bottle	177	(4)
Thermodynamics	181	(18)
Absolute Zero	181	(2)
Thermal Energy	183	(1)
First Law of Thermodynamics	183	(3)
Second Law of Thermodynamics	186	(4)
Energy and Changes of Phase	190	(4)
Order Tends to Disorder	194	(1)
Entropy	195	(4)
PART 3 Electricity and Magnetism	199	(48)
Electricity	200	(27)
Electric Force and Charge	200	(5)
Electric Field	205	(2)
Electric Potential	207	(3)
Voltage Sources	210	(1)
Electric Current	211	(1)
Electrical Resistance	212	(4)
Electric Circuits	216	(4)
Electric Power	220	(7)
Magnetism	227	(20)
Magnetic Poles	228	(1)
Magnetic Fields	229	(2)
Magnetic Domains	231	(1)
Electric Currents and Magnetic Fields	232	(2)
Magnetic Forces on Moving Charges	234	(3)
Electromagnetic Induction	237	(3)
Generators and Alternating Current	240	(2)
Power Production	242	(1)
Field Induction	243	(4)
PART 4 Sound and Light	247	(90)
Sound Waves	248	(28)
Vibrations and Waves	248	(2)
Wave Motion	250	(1)
Transverse and Longitudinal Waves	251	(1)
Sound Waves	252	(2)
Reflection of Sound	254	(1)
Refraction of Sound	255	(2)
Forced Vibrations	257	(1)
Resonance	257	(2)
Interference	259	(4)
Doppler Effect	263	(1)
Wave Barriers and Bow Waves	264	(2)
Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom	266	(2)
Musical Sounds	268	(8)
Light Waves	276	(30)
Electromagnetic Spectrum	276	(2)
Transparent and Opaque Materials	278	(3)
Color	281	(11)
Diffraction	292	(2)
Interference	294	(4)
Polarization	298	(8)
Properties of Light	306	(31)
Reflection	306	(4)
Refraction	310	(3)
Dispersion	313	(3)
Total Internal Reflection	316	(3)
Lenses	319	(8)
Wave-Particle Duality	327	(10)
PART 5 The Atom	337	(60)
Atomic Structure	338	(20)
The Elements	338	(2)
The Electron	340	(3)
The Atomic Nucleus	343	(1)
Protons and Neutrons	344	(2)
Bohr's Planetary Model of the Atom	346	(3)
Particles as Waves	349	(3)
Electron Wave-Cloud Model of the Atom	352	(1)
The Quantum Model: Atomic Orbitals	353	(5)
The Nucleus and Radioactivity	358	(21)
Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Rays	359	(3)
The Nucleus	362	(1)
Isotopes	363	(1)
The Strong Nuclear Force	364	(1)
Half-Life	365	(1)
Natural Transmutation of Elements	366	(3)
Artificial Transmutation of Elements	369	(1)
Isotopic Dating	370	(3)
Effects of Radiation on Humans	373	(6)
Nuclear Fission and Fusion	379	(18)
Nuclear Fission	379	(3)
Nuclear Fission Reactors	382	(3)
Mass-Energy Relationship	385	(3)
Nuclear Fusion	388	(1)
Controlling Fusion	389	(8)
PART 6 Chemistry	397	(134)
Basic Concepts of Chemistry	398	(26)
A Brief History of Modern Chemistry	398	(8)
Physical and Chemical Properties	406	(1)
Elements and Compounds	407	(2)
Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Compounds	409	(7)
Chemical Mixtures	416	(2)
Classification of Matter	418	(6)
The Periodic Table	424	(26)
Organizing the Elements	425	(3)
Atomic Groups	428	(9)
Atomic Shells	437	(4)
Periodic Trends	441	(2)
Chemical Bonding and the Periodic Table	443	(7)
Chemical Interactions	450	(26)
Types of Chemical Interactions	451	(6)
Phases of Matter	457	(1)
Special Properties of Water	458	(3)
Surface Tension and Capillary Action	461	(2)
Solutions	463	(13)
Chemical Reactions	476	(31)
The Chemical Equation	477	(1)
Energy and Chemical Reactions	478	(4)
Chemical Equilibrium	482	(5)
Acids and Bases	487	(6)
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions	493	(5)
Atomic and Formula Masses	498	(3)
Avogadro's Number and the Mole	501	(6)
Organic Chemistry	507	(24)
Hydrocarbons	508	(5)
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons	513	(2)
Non-Carbon Atoms in Organic Molecules	515	(1)
Alcohols, Ethers, and Amines	516	(4)
Carbonyl-Containing Organic Molecules	520	(4)
Biomolecules	524	(7)
PART 7 Earth Science	531	(144)
Rocks and Minerals	532	(37)
Rocks	533	(1)
Minerals	534	(6)
Building Blocks of Rock-Forming Minerals	540	(2)
Igneous Rocks	542	(8)
Sedimentary Rocks	550	(10)
Metamorphic Rocks	560	(3)
The Rock Cycle	563	(6)
Water and Surface Processes	569	(27)
The Hydrologic Cycle	570	(1)
Groundwater	571	(6)
Groundwater and Topography	577	(3)
The Quality of Water	580	(2)
Surface Water	582	(5)
Glaciers and Glaciation	587	(9)
The Earth's Internal Properties	596	(28)
Seismic Waves	597	(1)
Earth's Internal Layers	598	(4)
Structural Geology	602	(6)
The Theory of Continental Drift	608	(5)
The Theory of Plate Tectonics	613	(11)
The Geologic Time Scale	624	(23)
Relative Dating	625	(2)
Radiometric Dating	627	(3)
The Precambrian Era	630	(1)
The Paleozoic Era	631	(4)
The Mesozoic Era	635	(3)
The Cenozoic Era	638	(9)
Meteorology	647	(28)
Evolution of Earth's Atmosphere	648	(1)
Composition of Earth's Atmosphere	648	(3)
Solar Energy	651	(3)
Behavior of Air	654	(3)
Movement of Air	657	(4)
Evaporation, Condensation, and Precipitation	661	(1)
Clouds	662	(2)
Weather	664	(4)
Weather Forecasting	668	(7)
PART 8 Astronomy	675	(72)
The Solar System	676	(24)
The Moon	677	(4)
Eclipses	681	(3)
The Sun	684	(4)
The Planets	688	(7)
Asteroids, Meteorites, and Comets	695	(5)
The Stars	700	(21)
Birth of Stars	704	(1)
Life of Stars	705	(2)
Death of Stars	707	(4)
Black Holes	711	(3)
Galaxies	714	(4)
Quasars	718	(3)
Relativity and the Universe	721	(26)
The Big Bang	722	(1)
Space-Time	723	(1)
Special Relativity	724	(1)
Time Dilation	725	(6)
Length Contraction	731	(1)
Relativistic Mass	732	(2)
General Relativity	734	(7)
Our Expanding Universe	741	(6)
Appendix I Systems of Measurement	747	(5)
Appendix II Exponential Growth and Doubling Time	752	(7)
Appendix III Vectors	759	(6)
Glossary	765	(18)
Photo Credits	783	(2)
Index	785