A Concise History Of the Middle East

by Goldschmidt Jr, Arthur

Edition:

9th

ISBN13:

9780813343884

ISBN10:

0813343887

Format:

Paperback

Pub. Date:

7/14/2009

Publisher(s):

Perseus Books

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Summary

The ninth edition of this widely acclaimed text by Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. and Lawrence Davidson has been extensively revised to reflect the latest scholarship and the most recent events in the Middle East. As an introduction to the history of this turbulent region from the beginnings of Islam to the present day, the book is distinguished by its clear style, broad scope, and balanced treatment. It focuses on the evolution of Islamic institutions and culture, the influence of the West, the modernization efforts of Middle Eastern governments, the struggle of various peoples for political independence, the course of the Arab-Israeli conflict, the reassertion of Islamic values and power, the issues surrounding the Palestinian Question, and the roles of Iraq and Iran in the post-9/11 Middle East. Nine maps newly commissioned for the ninth edition highlight key aspects of Middle East history. Two popular study aids, the chronology and the glossary, have been extensively revised, and the superlative bibliographic essay, an essential guide to further reading, has been thoroughly rewritten to reflect current scholarship.

Author Biography

Lawrence Davidson is professor of history at West Chester University.

Illustrations	p. xiii
Preface to the Ninth Edition	p. xv
Introduction	p. 1
What Is History?	p. 2
Then and Now, There and Here	p. 4
The Physical Setting	p. 6
Some Descriptive Geography	p. 6
Conclusion	p. 12
The Middle East Before Muhammad	p. 13
Persia and Rome	p. 14
The Arabs	p. 18
Conclusion	p. 23
The Prophet of Mecca	p. 25
Muhammad's Early Life	p. 26
The Emigration (Hijra)	p. 30
Aisha bint Abi-Bakr	p. 36
Assessment	p. 37
What Is Islam?	p. 39
Basic Beliefs	p. 39
The Five Pillars of Islam	p. 43
Conclusion	p. 47
The Early Arab Conquests	p. 49
The Succession Issue	p. 49
The Initial Conquests	p. 51
The Beginnings of Islamic Government	p. 53
Dissension in the Umma	p. 55
Changes in the Government of Islam	p. 57
Mu'awiya ibn-abi-Sufyan	p. 63
Conclusion	p. 64
The High Caliphate	p. 65
Restoration of the Umayyad Order	p. 67
The Downfall of the Umayyads	p. 70
The Abbasid Caliphate	p. 71
Mamun	p. 76
The Decline of the Abbasids	p. 77
Conclusion	p. 78
Shiites and Turks, Crusaders and Mongols	p. 81
Shiite Islam in Power	p. 82
The Turks	p. 87
The Crusades	p. 91
The Mongol Invasion	p. 95
Hulegu Khan	p. 97
Conclusion	p. 98
Islamic Civilization	p. 99
The Rules and Laws of Islam	p. 100
Development of Jurisprudence	p. 100
Islamic Society	p. 106
Intellectual and Cultural Life	p. 111
Theology	p. 115
Conclusion	p. 117
Ahmad ibn Hanbal	p. 118
Firearms, Slaves, and Empires	p. 121
The Mamluks	p. 122
The Mongol Il-Khanids	p. 126
Gunpowder Technology	p. 129
The Ottoman Empire	p. 129
Orhan	p. 133
Persia under the Safavids	p. 142
Conclusion	p. 146
European Interests and Imperialism	p. 147
Ottoman Weakness	p. 148
The Koprulu Family of Viziers	p. 150
The European Powers and the Eastern Question	p. 151
Conclusion	p. 157
Westernizing Reform in the Nineteenth Century	p. 159
Egypt's Transformation	p. 161
Westernization of the Ottoman Empire	p. 165
Mustafa Reshid Pasha	p. 170
Persia under the Qajars	p. 171
Some Afterthoughts	p. 173
The Rise of Nationalism	p. 177
Egyptian Nationalism	p. 179
Ahmad Urabi	p. 185
Ottomanism, Pan-Islam, and Turkism	p. 187
Nationalism in Persia	p. 191
Conclusion	p. 194
The Roots of Arab Bitterness	p. 197
Arab Nationalism	p. 197
World War I	p. 203
Faysal ibn al Husayn	p. 209
The Postwar Peace Settlement	p. 210
Conclusion and Summary	p. 213
Modernizing Rulers in the Independent States	p. 215
Turkey: Phoenix from the Ashes	p. 216
Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk)	p. 227
From Persia to Iran	p. 228
The Rise of Saudi Arabia	p. 235
Conclusion	p. 241
Egypt and the Fertile Crescent under European Control	p. 243
Egypt's Struggle for Independence	p. 244
The Creation of New States in the Fertile Crescent	p. 250
Phony Democracy and False Independence	p. 255
World War II	p. 261
King Faruq	p. 262
Postwar Egypt	p. 263
Egypt's Era of Political Frustration	p. 264
Independence for Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq	p. 267
Conclusion	p. 268
The Contest for Palestine	p. 271
Origins	p. 271
Prefatory Remarks	p. 273
The Beginnings of Political Zionism	p. 275
Britain and the Palestine Problem	p. 279
Amin al-Husayni	p. 290
Conclusion	p. 291
Israel's Rebirth and the Rise of Arab Nationalism	p. 293
Israel's War for Independence	p. 294
The War's Aftermath	p. 297
The Arab Countries	p. 299
Israel's Early Years	p. 306
Middle Eastern Oil	p. 309
David Ben-Gurion	p. 310
The Great Powers and the Arab World	p. 311
Rising Arab-Israeli Tensions	p. 320
Conclusion	p. 324
War and the Quest for Peace	p. 327
The June 1967 War	p. 328
The Palestinians	p. 334
Abortive Peace Efforts	p. 335
Political Changes: 1967-1970	p. 337
Danger Signs in the Middle East	p. 342
The October (Yom Kippur) War	p. 346
The War's Aftermath	p. 349
Lebanon: The Arena for a New Arab Struggle	p. 354
The Road to Camp David	p. 357
Anwar al-Sadat	p. 361
Conclusion	p. 362
The Reassertion of Islamic Power	p. 365
Prefatory Remarks on Islam and Politics	p. 367
The Iranian Revolution	p. 368
Sayyid Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini	p. 377
The Struggle for Gulf Supremacy	p. 378
The Retreat from Camp David	p. 383
Western Policy Formation and Islamic Polity	p. 394
The Gulf War and the Peace Process	p. 397
The Gulf Crisis	p. 398
Operation Desert Storm	p. 404
The Palestinians: Their Struggle and an Elusive Peace	p. 406
Yasir Arafat	p. 415
Whither Islam?	p. 417
The War on Terrorism	p. 421
The Present in Historical Perspective	p. 423
Survey of Terrorism	p. 423
Osama bin Laden	p. 430
The Iraq War	p. 435
The Contest for Palestine (Redux)	p. 442
A Parting Message	p. 451
Chronology	p. 455
Glossary	p. 471
Bibliographic Essay	p. 503
Basic Statistics for Middle Eastern Countries	p. 534
How Many Palestinians?	p. 536
Index	p. 537
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