Counseling in Schools: Essential Services and Comprehensive Programs

by Schmidt, John J.

• ISBN13: 9780205288793
• ISBN10: 0205288790
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-10-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

This text provides an overview of the school counseling profession, the components of a comprehensive program of services, and current legal, ethical, and professional issues that are important to school counselors. It is a scholarly presentation as well as a practical guide for beginning counselors.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
1 The School Counseling Profession	1	(27)
Counseling as a Profession	2	(5)
Development of School Counseling	7	(14)
Emergence of Guidance and Counseling in Schools	9	(9)
Expansion of School Counseling	18	(3)
A Professional Identity	21	(5)
Selected Readings	26	(1)
Exercises	27	(1)
2 Comprehensive School Counseling Programs	28	(24)
A Definition of School Counseling	29	(4)
The Purpose of School Counseling Programs	33	(6)
Educational Development	35	(1)
Career Development	36	(2)
Personal and Social Development	38	(1)
A Comprehensive Program	39	(2)
Facilities and Resources	41	(10)
The Counseling Center	42	(1)
Materials and Equipment	43	(4)
Budget	47	(2)
Personnel	49	(2)
Selected Readings	51	(1)
Exercises	51	(1)
3 The School Counselor	52	(28)
Varying Roles of School Counselors	52	(17)
The Elementary School Counselor	53	(7)
The Middle School Counselor	60	(5)
The High School Counselor	65	(4)
Training of School Counselors	69	(7)
The Helping Relationship	70	(2)
Human Development	72	(1)
Group Processes	72	(1)
Student Appraisal	73	(1)
Career Development Theory and Information	74	(1)
Educational Research	75	(1)
Social and Cultural Foundations	75	(1)
Ethical and Legal Issues	76	(1)
The School Setting	76	(1)
Credentials of School Counselors	76	(2)
State Certification	77	(1)
National Certification	77	(1)
Selected Readings	78	(1)
Exercises	79	(1)
4 Essential Services	80	(32)
Counseling	81	(4)
Individual Counseling	81	(1)
Group Counseling	82	(1)
Student Counseling	83	(1)
Parent and Teacher Counseling	84	(1)
Consulting	85	(11)
Information Services	86	(3)
Instructional Services	89	(2)
Problem-Solving Services	91	(2)
Other School Services	93	(3)
Coordinating	96	(9)
Data Collection and Sharing	96	(4)
Referrals and Follow-Up	100	(2)
School-Wide Events	102	(3)
Appraising	105	(5)
Student Evaluation	105	(2)
Environmental Evaluation	107	(3)
Selected Readings	110	(1)
Exercises	110	(2)
5 Developing a Comprehensive Program	112	(26)
Planning	113	(6)
Assessing the Current Program	113	(1)
Seeking Input and Support for Change	114	(1)
Assessing Students', Parents', and Teachers' Needs	115	(1)
Determining Resources	116	(3)
Organizing	119	(5)
Setting Goals	119	(2)
Assigning Responsibilities	121	(2)
Marketing the Program	123	(1)
Implementing	124	(11)
Scheduling Services and Setting Priorities	124	(2)
Balancing Time	126	(2)
Counseling	128	(5)
Consulting	133	(1)
Coordinating	134	(1)
Appraising	134	(1)
Evaluating	135	(1)
Selected Readings	136	(1)
Exercises	137	(1)
6 Individual Counseling and Group Procedures	138	(39)
What Is Counseling?	139	(2)
Who Needs Counseling?	141	(2)
Goals of Counseling	143	(2)
Individual Counseling in Schools	145	(3)
Establishing a Relationship	145	(1)
Exploring Concerns	146	(1)
Taking Action	147	(1)
Ending the Relationship	147	(1)
Brief Counseling	148	(2)
Crisis Counseling	150	(1)
Counseling Approaches and Models	151	(10)
Adlerian Counseling	152	(1)
Reality Therapy	153	(2)
Cognitive-Behavioral Counseling	155	(2)
Invitational Counseling	157	(4)
Group Procedures	161	(8)
A Rationale for Group Process	161	(1)
Group Counseling and Group Guidance	162	(1)
Purpose and Nature of Groups	163	(3)
Leading Groups	166	(1)
Advantages of Group Counseling	167	(1)
Limitations of Group Counseling	167	(1)
Advantages of Group Guidance	168	(1)
Limitations of Group Guidance	168	(1)
Research on Counseling	169	(1)
Research on Groups	170	(5)
Group Guidance Research	171	(2)
Group Counseling Research	173	(2)
Selected Readings	175	(1)
Exercises	175	(2)
7 Collaboration with School and Agency Professionals	177	(26)
School Services	178	(7)
Parents and Guardians	178	(3)
Teachers	181	(2)
Principals	183	(1)
Nurses, Psychologists, and Social Workers	184	(1)
Community Agencies	185	(4)
Health Departments	186	(1)
Mental-Health Centers	186	(1)
Social Services	187	(1)
Family Services	187	(2)
Private Practitioners	189	(1)
Counselors as Consultants	189	(10)
Consulting Processes	190	(9)
Research on Consulting	199	(2)
Selected Readings	201	(1)
Exercises	202	(1)
8 Student Appraisal	203	(30)
Standardized Testing	204	(10)
Standardization	206	(4)
Selection of Tests	210	(1)
Validity and Reliability	211	(2)
Usefulness	213	(1)
Using Standardized Tests	214	(4)
Test Security	214	(1)
Administration	215	(1)
Interpretation	215	(3)
Types of Assessment Instruments	218	(4)
Achievement Tests	218	(2)
Aptitude Tests	220	(1)
Interest Inventories	220	(1)
Personality Inventories and Tests	221	(1)
Other Assessment Techniques	222	(9)
Observations	223	(5)
Interviews	228	(1)
Sociometric Methods	228	(1)
Child Study Conferences	229	(1)
Biographical and Self-Expression Techniques	230	(1)
Selected Readings	231	(1)
Exercises	231	(2)
9 Educational Planning and Career Development	233	(23)
Primary Purpose of School Counseling	233	(4)
Educational Planning for All Students	237	(6)
Student Advocacy	238	(2)
Lifelong Learning	240	(3)
Career Planning and Decision Making	243	(7)
Student Awareness	246	(2)
Exploration	248	(1)
Decision Making	249	(1)
Case Study of Johnny	250	(2)
Case Study of Gertrude	252	(2)
Selected Readings	254	(1)
Exercises	255	(1)
10 Evaluation of a School Counseling Program	256	(27)
Types of Program Evaluation	259	(11)
Goal Attainment	260	(2)
Student Outcomes	262	(3)
Consumer Satisfaction	265	(2)
Expert Assessment	267	(3)
School Counselor Evaluation	270	(8)
What Will Be Evaluated?	272	(1)
How Will Evaluation Be Done?	273	(4)
Who Will Evaluate?	277	(1)
Performance Appraisal Processes and Instruments	278	(3)
Selected Readings	281	(1)
Exercises	282	(1)
11 Professional Ethics and Legal Issues	283	(25)
Ethical Standards of School Counselors	284	(10)
Responsibilities to Students	285	(3)
Responsibilities to Parents	288	(1)
Responsibilities to Colleagues and Professional Associates	289	(1)
Responsibilities to the School and Community	290	(1)
Responsibilities to Self	291	(1)
Responsibilities to the Profession	292	(1)
Maintenance of Standards	293	(1)
The Nature of Law	294	(4)
The Law and Schools	294	(2)
The Courts	296	(1)
School Board Policies	297	(1)
Legal Issues for School Counselors	298	(8)
Students' Rights	298	(2)
Parents' Rights	300	(1)
The Buckley Amendment	301	(1)
Public Law 94-142	302	(1)
Child Abuse	302	(1)
Counselor Liability	303	(2)
Title IX	305	(1)
Selected Readings	306	(1)
Exercises	307	(1)
12 School Counseling Today and Tomorrow	308	(17)
Students of Tomorrow	309	(7)
Remedial Concerns	310	(2)
Preventive Issues	312	(1)
Developmental Needs	313	(1)
Poverty	314	(1)
Diversity	315	(1)
Schools of Tomorrow	316	(6)
Technology	319	(1)
Parental Involvement	320	(1)
Teacher Collaboration	320	(1)
School-Based Services	321	(1)
Youth Service	322	(1)
The Future of School Counseling	322	(2)
Selected Readings	324	(1)
Exercises	324	(1)
Appendix A Ethical Standards for School Counselors	325	(7)
References	332	(14)
Author Index	346	(5)
Subject Index	351