Criminal Behavior : A Psychological Approach

by Bartol, Curt R.; Bartol, Anne M.

• ISBN13: 9780131850491
• ISBN10: 0131850490
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Criminal Behavior: A Psychosocial Approach, Seventh Edition presents a critical and interdisciplinary look at criminals and crime, challenging students to look beyond over-simplified or prejudicial conclusions about the "crime problem." The book considers the behavioral, emotional and cognitive aspects of criminals, looks at specific criminal offenses, and explores the causes, classification, prediction, intervention and treatment of criminal behavior. NEW TO THE SEVENTH EDITION Greatly expanded and reorganized coverage of criminal profiling More information about careers in forensic psychology and correctional psychology Updated chapters on the psychopath, juvenile delinquency, the mentally disordered offender, and correctional psychology An updated chapter on drugs and crime that reflects the latest drug abuse research Expanded coverage of: crime scene analysis, cyber crime, the effects of the mass media on aggression, crime & physical anomalies, gender differences in aggression, infanticide, and robbery Numerous new tables, figures, charts, and other in-text learning aids

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Introduction to Criminal Behavior	1	(34)
Perspectives on Human Nature in Theories of Crime	3	(2)
Perspectives in Criminology	5	(5)
Sociological Criminology	5	(1)
Psychological Criminology	6	(2)
Psychiatric Criminology	8	(2)
Definition of Criminal Behavior	10	(1)
FBI Reporting Systems	11	(12)
Uniform Crime Reporting System	11	(5)
National Incident-Based Reporting System	16	(3)
Hate Crimes	19	(1)
Terrorism	20	(3)
Self-Report Studies	23	(3)
Drug Abuse Self-Report Surveys	25	(1)
Victimization Surveys	26	(6)
Stalking	28	(3)
Cyberstalking	31	(1)
The Focus of the Book	32	(3)
Juvenile Delinquency: Developmental Factors	35	(46)
A Brief History of Juvenile Justice	36	(4)
Definition of Juvenile Delinquency	40	(3)
The Nature and Extent of Juvenile Offending	43	(7)
Data on Serious Juvenile Offending	46	(4)
School Crime	50	(2)
The Serious Delinquent	52	(1)
Social Risk Factors	53	(6)
Poverty and Social Class	53	(2)
Peer Experiences	55	(1)
Preschool and School Experiences	56	(1)
Family Background	56	(1)
Parental Disciplinary Practices	57	(2)
Psychological Risk Factors	59	(9)
Developmental Factors	59	(5)
Hyperactivity and Attention Deficit Disorder	64	(2)
Conduct Disorders	66	(2)
Intelligence and Delinquency	68	(3)
Gender and Juvenile Offending	71	(2)
Prevention and Treatment of Juvenile Offending	73	(5)
Summary and Conclusions	78	(3)
Origins of Criminal Behavior: Biological Factors	81	(37)
The Born Criminal	82	(3)
Physique and Crime	85	(7)
Attractiveness	88	(2)
Minimal Physical Anomalies	90	(2)
Twin Studies	92	(4)
Adoption Studies	96	(3)
Eysenck's Theory of Personality and Crime	99	(16)
Extraversion	101	(4)
Neuroticism	105	(2)
Psychoticism	107	(1)
Crime and Conditionability	108	(3)
The Evidence for Eysenck's Theory	111	(4)
Summary and Conclusions	115	(3)
The Psychopath: A Focus on Biopsychological Factors	118	(44)
Historical Background	118	(5)
Examples of Psychopaths	121	(2)
Behavioral Descriptions	123	(4)
The Criminal Psychopath	127	(1)
Prevalence of Criminal Psychopathy	127	(1)
Offending Patterns of Criminal Psychopaths	127	(1)
Psychological Measures of Psychopathy	128	(3)
Core Factors of Psychopathy	130	(1)
Recidivism	131	(1)
Treatment and Rehabilitation Strategies	132	(1)
The Female Psychopath	133	(2)
Racial/Ethnic Differences	135	(1)
Juvenile Psychopathy	135	(4)
Psychophysiological Differences	139	(18)
Basic Neurophysiological Concepts and Terminology	139	(1)
Central Nervous System Differences	140	(2)
EEG Research on Psychopaths	142	(3)
Hemisphere Asymmetry and Deficiency	145	(2)
Frontal Lobe Neuropsychological Studies	147	(1)
Stimulation Seeking	148	(1)
Optimal Arousal of the Cerebral Cortex	149	(3)
Peripheral Nervous System Research	152	(1)
Autonomic Nervous System Research	153	(4)
The Childhood of the Psychopath	157	(2)
Summary and Conclusions	159	(3)
Origins of Criminal Behavior: Learning and Situational Factors	162	(25)
Behaviorism	163	(5)
Social Learning	168	(7)
Expectancy Theory	170	(1)
Imitational Aspects of Social Learning	171	(1)
Differential Association-Reinforcement Theory	172	(3)
Frustration-Induced Criminality	175	(2)
Situational Instigators and Regulators of Criminal Behavior	177	(8)
Authority as an Instigator of Criminal Behavior	178	(3)
Deindividuation	181	(3)
Moral Disengagement	184	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	185	(2)
Crime and Mental Disorders	187	(50)
Defining Mental Illness	188	(10)
The DSM-IV	189	(3)
Schizophrenic Disorders	192	(2)
Delusional Disorders	194	(1)
Depressive Disorders	195	(1)
Antisocial Personality Disorder	195	(3)
Mental Disorders and Violence	198	(5)
Police and the Mentally Disordered	200	(1)
Mental Disorders Among the Incarcerated	201	(2)
Mentally Disordered Defendants and Offenders	203	(14)
Incompetent to Stand Trial	203	(4)
The Mentally Disordered and Criminal Responsibility	207	(8)
The Mentally Disordered Sex Offender	215	(1)
Mentally Disordered Inmates and Transfers	216	(1)
Mental Disorders as Unique Defenses	217	(8)
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder	218	(2)
Pathological Gambler's Syndrome	220	(1)
Dissociative Identity Disorder	221	(3)
Amnesia	224	(1)
Dangerousness and the Assessment of Risk	225	(9)
Current Risk Assessment Measures	232	(2)
Summary and Conclusions	234	(3)
Human Aggression and Violence	237	(44)
Defining Aggression	239	(2)
Theoretical Perspectives on Aggression	241	(10)
Psychoanalytical/Psychodynamic Viewpoints	241	(1)
Ethological Viewpoints	242	(2)
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis	244	(3)
Excitation Transfer Theory	247	(1)
Aggressive Driving	247	(1)
Social Learning	248	(3)
Cognitive Models of Aggression	251	(3)
Overt and Covert Acts of Aggression	254	(4)
Reactive and Proactive Forms of Aggression	256	(1)
Gender Differences in Aggression	257	(1)
Environmental Factors	258	(5)
Population Density	258	(1)
Aggression and Ambient Temperature	259	(3)
Other Environmental Factors	262	(1)
Effects of the Mass Media	263	(3)
Victim-Precipitated Aggression	266	(1)
The Physiology of Aggression	267	(11)
Premenstrual Syndrome	268	(2)
Physiological Control Through Surgery and Drugs	270	(5)
Brain Pathology and Aggression	275	(1)
Heredity and the XYY Chromosome	276	(2)
Epilepsy and Violence	278	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	278	(3)
Homicide, Assault, and Family Violence	281	(45)
Definitions	284	(2)
Sociological Correlates of Homicide	286	(11)
Race/Ethnic Origin	286	(2)
Gender Differences	288	(1)
Age	289	(1)
Socioeconomic Class	290	(1)
Victim--Offender Relationship	290	(3)
Weapons	293	(1)
Other Factors	294	(1)
Sniper Attacks	295	(2)
Sociological Correlates of Assault	297	(1)
Family Violence	298	(24)
A Brief History of the Modern Era of Family Violence	300	(2)
Incidence, Prevalence, and Demographics of Child Abuse and Neglect	302	(1)
Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and Thrown-Away Children	303	(2)
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy	305	(1)
Shaken Baby Syndrome	306	(1)
Prevalence, Incidence, and Nature of Intimate Partner Abuse	307	(1)
Same-Sex Domestic Violence	308	(1)
Prevalence, Incidence, and Nature of Abuse and Neglect of the Elderly	308	(2)
Sibling and Child-to-Parent Abuse	310	(1)
Multiassaultive Families	311	(1)
Etiology	312	(3)
Is Family Violence Different From General Violence?	315	(1)
Battered Woman Syndrome	316	(1)
Psychological Effects of Domestic Violence on Children	317	(2)
Infanticide, Neonaticide, and Filicide	319	(3)
Theoretical Explanations of Family Violence	322	(1)
Cessation of Family Violence	322	(2)
Summary and Conclusions	324	(2)
Criminal Homicide: A Closer Look	326	(42)
Investigative Methods	326	(3)
Profiling	329	(8)
Criminal Profiling	331	(3)
Geographical Profiling	334	(1)
The Psychological Autopsy	335	(1)
Racial Profiling	335	(2)
Multiple Murderers	337	(1)
Serial Murderers	338	(6)
Types of Serial Murderers	342	(2)
Mass Murderers	344	(4)
Classic Mass Murder	344	(1)
Product-Tampering Homicide	345	(1)
Workplace Violence	346	(2)
Terrorism	348	(6)
Definitions	348	(1)
Psychosocial Context	349	(1)
Motives	350	(3)
Consequences	353	(1)
Psychological Factors in General Violent Crime	354	(4)
Impulsive Violence	354	(2)
Overcontrolled and Undercontrolled Offenders	356	(2)
Cognitive Self-Regulation and Violence	358	(4)
Deindividuation and Crowd Violence	362	(3)
Summary and Conclusions	365	(3)
Sexual Offenses	368	(53)
Legislation on Sex Offenders	370	(2)
Rape	372	(24)
Definitions	372	(1)
Date Rape	373	(1)
Incidence and Prevalence	374	(4)
Situational and Victimization Characteristics	378	(1)
Offender Characteristics	379	(4)
Classification of Rape Patterns	383	(4)
The MTC:R3	387	(2)
The Groth Typology	389	(2)
Etiology	391	(3)
Rape and Pornography	394	(2)
Pedophilia	396	(14)
Incidence and Prevalence	396	(1)
Situational and Victimization Characteristics	397	(2)
Offender Characteristics	399	(2)
Classification of Child Offender Patterns	401	(2)
The MTC:CM3	403	(2)
The Groth Classification Model	405	(1)
Recidivism	406	(1)
Etiology	407	(3)
Exhibitionism	410	(3)
Situational Characteristics	411	(1)
Offender Characteristics	411	(2)
Voyeurism and Fetishism	413	(2)
Treatment of Sexual Offenders	415	(4)
Summary and Conclusions	419	(2)
Economic Crime, Public Order Crime, and Other Crime	421	(58)
Burglary	424	(8)
Burglary Cues and Selected Targets	426	(2)
Who Burglarizes?	428	(1)
Use of Alcohol and Other Substances	429	(1)
What Happens to the Merchandise?	429	(1)
Motives	430	(1)
Psychological Impact of Burglary	431	(1)
Larceny and Motor Vehicle Theft	432	(2)
Fraud and Identity Theft	434	(1)
Shoplifting	435	(6)
Who Shoplifts?	436	(1)
Motives	437	(1)
Methods of Shoplifting	438	(1)
Types of Shoplifters	438	(3)
Prostitution	441	(6)
Motives	444	(3)
Robbery	447	(6)
Bank Robbery	448	(1)
Robbery: Economic Crime Or Violent Crime?	449	(4)
White-Collar and Occupational Crime	453	(7)
Corporate Crime	456	(2)
Individual Occupational Crime	458	(2)
Cybercrime	460	(1)
Hostage-Taking Offenses	461	(5)
Arson	466	(8)
Incidence and Prevalence	467	(1)
Motives	468	(2)
Pyromania	470	(2)
Repetitive and Persistent Arsonists	472	(2)
Bombings	474	(1)
Motives	474	(3)
Summary and Conclusions	477	(2)
Drugs and Crime	479	(45)
Major Categories of Drugs	485	(3)
The Hallucinogens: Cannabis	488	(6)
Historical Background	489	(2)
Cannabis and Crime	491	(2)
Phencyclidine (PCP)	493	(1)
The Stimulants	494	(10)
Amphetamines	494	(3)
Cocaine	497	(2)
Stimulants, Cocaine, and Crime	499	(2)
Crack	501	(1)
MDMA	502	(2)
Narcotic Drugs	504	(5)
Heroin	505	(2)
Heroin and Crime	507	(1)
Other Narcotic Drugs	508	(1)
The Depressants	509	(13)
GHB and Rohypnol: The Club Drugs	509	(3)
Inhalants	512	(1)
Alcohol	513	(2)
Alcohol and Crime	515	(7)
Summary and Conclusions	522	(2)
Correctional Psychology	524	(29)
Careers in Correctional Psychology	526	(2)
The Correctional System	528	(5)
Societal Rationale for Punishment of Offenders	533	(2)
Classification and Prediction	535	(3)
Classification Systems	536	(2)
Psychological Effects of Imprisonment	538	(5)
Psychological Effects of Crowding	539	(2)
Psychological Effects of Isolation	541	(2)
Treatment and Rehabilitation	543	(7)
Psychotherapy	546	(1)
Behavior Therapy	546	(2)
Cognitive Therapy	548	(2)
Summary and Conclusions	550	(3)
Glossary	553	(16)
Cases Cited	569	(2)
References	571	(66)
Index	637

Excerpts

Criminal Behavior: A Psychosocial Approachis a textbook about crime from a psychological perspective. More specifically, this text portrays the criminal offender as embedded in and continually influenced by multiple systems within the psychosocial environment. One focus of this book is that meaningful theory, well-executed research, and skillful application of knowledge to the "crime problem" require an understanding of the many levels of events that influence a person's life course--from the individual to the individual's family, peers, schools, neighborhoods, community, culture, and society as a whole. Like earlier editions, the seventh edition views criminal offenders as existing on a continuum, ranging from serious, repetitive offenders who begin their criminal careers at a very early age to occasional offenders who offend at some point during their life course, usually during adolescence. The book reviews the contemporary research, theory, and practice concerning the psychology of crime as comprehensively and accurately as possible. The behavioral, emotional, and cognitive aspects of crime are examined, from the perspective of both the offender and the victim. The book also reviews current research that focuses on the cognitive aspects of criminal offenders, delving into their perceptions, reasoning, beliefs, decision making, and attitudes. The causes, classification, prediction, prevention, intervention, and treatment of criminal behavior are also examined. The organization and structure of the text remain basically the same as in earlier editions. The organization of the text runs from the broad, theoretical aspects of crime to specific offense categories. Developmental and biopsychological positions are presented in the early chapters, whereas social learning and cognitive aspects come later. Nonetheless, many changes were made to reflect legislative and judicial trends, student interests, and rapidly expanding research and theory on the psychology of crime. This edition includes completely rewritten chapters on mental disorders (Chapter 6), the psychopath (Chapter 4), and correctional psychology (Chapter 13). The chapter on drugs and crime (Chapter 12) has been extensively updated to include ever-changing trends in drug abuse and evolving survey research on that abuse. After the events of September 11, 2001, sections on international and domestic terrorism (including bioterrorism) were added to Chapters I and 9. The section Criminal profiling, on (Chapter 9) has been greatly expanded, rewritten, updated, and reorganized. Also added are sections on sniper attacks (Chapter 8), developmental risk factors for juvenile delinquency (Chapter 2), moral disengagement (Chapter 5), reactive and proactive forms of aggression (Chapter 7), same-sex domestic violence (Chapter 8), and missing, abducted, runaway, and thrown-away children (Chapter 8). The sections on the effects of mass media on aggression (Chapter 7), crime and physical anomalies (Chapter 3), gender differences in aggression, infanticide (Chapter 8), and robbery (Chapter 11) have been greatly expanded. Crime data and statistics have been updated and expanded throughout the text, and the number of tables, figures, and pedagogical aids has increased from that in the previous edition. This text is designed to be a core text in undergraduate and graduate courses in criminal behavior, criminology, the psychology of crime, crime and delinquency, and forensic psychology. The book is heavily research-based and provides a readable summary of contemporary research in all areas of crime. Most of the research is presented within a theoretical context and thematic structure to give an organized flow to the coverage of the many topics. The book's major goal is to encourage an appreciation of the many complex issues surrounding criminal behavior and to avoid oversimplified, prejudicial, dogmatic conclusions about the "crime problem." If, after stu