Criminology

by Hale, Chris; Hayward, Keith; Wahidin, Azrini; Wincup, Emma

• ISBN13: 9780199270361
• ISBN10: 0199270368
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-07-07
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Few subjects provoke as much public fascination and political concern as crime and criminality. This is an ideal textbook for undergraduate students coming to the subject for the first time. The book covers a wide range of topics: the historical and contemporary understandings of crime andcriminal justice; different forms of crime - from street crime to state crime; who commits crime and who are the victims of crime; and how society and state agencies respond to crime and disorder. The contributions to the book offer clear, accessible introductions to the main topics and issues of criminology, and the book includes questions, summaries, key concepts, further reading, and tables and diagrams throughout. Online Resource Centre: Lecturer resources: DT Lecture notes, by chapter DT Powerpoint slides to accompany lecture notes, by chapter Student resources: DT Updates DT Chapter synopses DT Bonus materials DT Annotated Further readingDT Glossary DT Web links Test Bank: DT A testbank of approximately 300 multiple choice with answers and feedback, corresponding to each chapter of the book

Author Biography

Chris Hale is Professor of Criminology at the University of Kent Keith Hayward is Lecturer in Criminology at the University of Kent Azrini Wahidin is Lecturer in Criminology at the University of Kent Emma Wincup is Senior Lecturer in Criminal Justice at the University of Leeds

Table of Contents

FOREWORD	v
OUTLINE CONTENTS	vii
LIST OF FIGURES	xxi
LIST OF TABLES	xxiii
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS	xxv
GUIDE TO THE BOOK	xxvii
GUIDE TO THE COMPANION WEB SITE	xxxiii
PART I Introducing crime and criminology	1	(182)
1 What is crime? Contrasting definitions and perspectives	3	(18)
Wayne Morrison
Introduction	3	(1)
Background	3	(1)
Defining crime: confronting events and understanding processes	4	(7)
Frameworks of choice and logic: the politics of criminology and the definition of crime	11	(6)
Conclusion	17	(1)
Questions for discussion	17	(1)
Guide to further reading	18	(1)
Web links	18	(1)
References	19	(2)
2 History of crime	21	(18)
Heather Shore
Introduction	21	(1)
Background	21	(2)
Defining crime	23	(3)
The criminal justice system	26	(2)
Policing	28	(3)
Punishment	31	(3)
Conclusion	34	(1)
Questions for discussion	35	(1)
Guide to further reading	35	(1)
Web links	36	(1)
References	36	(2)
Notes	38	(1)
3 What do crime statistics tell us?	39	(22)
Tim Hope
Introduction	39	(1)
Background	39	(2)
What is a crime statistic?	41	(1)
Counting crime	42	(1)
Recording incidents as criminal offences	43	(4)
Reporting crime to the police	47	(5)
The frequency of crime victimization	52	(2)
The rate of crime victimization	54	(1)
Conclusion	55	(1)
Questions for discussion	56	(1)
Guide to further reading	57	(1)
Web links	57	(1)
References	57	(1)
Notes	58	(3)
4 Theoretical criminology: a starting point	61	(28)
Keith Hayward and Wayne Morrison
Introduction	61	(1)
Background	61	(1)
The theories-a beginner's guide	62	(24)
Conclusion	86	(1)
Web links	86	(1)
References	86	(2)
Note	88	(1)
5 Just theory: theory, crime and criminal justice	89	(20)
Claire Valier
Introduction	89	(1)
Theory matters	90	(4)
Doing justice to the text	94	(4)
The criminologist as a moral witness	98	(3)
Just responses to crime?	101	(3)
Conclusion	104	(1)
Questions for discussion	105	(1)
Guide to further reading	105	(1)
Web links	106	(1)
References	106	(3)
6 Psychology and crime: understanding the interface	109	(30)
Keith Hayward
Introduction	109	(1)
Background	109	(1)
Key psychological explanations of criminal behaviour	110	(13)
Theory into practice: some examples of the way psychology is employed within criminal justice	123	(8)
Conclusion	131	(1)
Questions for discussion	132	(1)
Guide to further reading	132	(1)
Web links	133	(1)
References	133	(6)
7 Crime and culture	139	(18)
Jeff Ferrell
Introduction	139	(1)
Background	139	(2)
Crime and culture	141	(11)
Conclusion	152	(1)
Questions for discussion	153	(1)
Guide to further reading	153	(1)
Web links	154	(1)
References	155	(2)
8 Crime and media: understanding the connections	157	(26)
Chris Greer
Introduction	157	(1)
Background	157	(1)
Researching crime and media	158	(4)
Theorizing crime and media	162	(5)
Problematizing crime and media	167	(7)
Conclusion	174	(2)
Questions for discussion	176	(1)
Guide to further reading	177	(1)
Web links	177	(1)
References	178	(5)
PART II Forms of crime	183	(140)
9 'Volume crime' and everyday life	185	(18)
Mike Presdee
Introduction	185	(1)
Background	185	(2)
Property crime in every day life	187	(5)
Anti-social behaviour and the politics of control	192	(6)
Conclusion	198	(1)
Questions for discussion	199	(1)
Guide to further reading	199	(1)
Web links	200	(1)
References	200	(3)
10 Drugs, alcohol and crime	203	(20)
Emma Wincup
Introduction	203	(1)
Part One: Drugs and crime	203	(9)
Background	203	(1)
The nature and extent of drug use	204	(3)
Exploring the links between drug use and crime	207	(3)
Breaking the links	210	(2)
Part Two: Alcohol and crime	212	(6)
Background	212	(1)
The nature and extent of alcohol use	213	(1)
Exploring the links between alcohol use and crime	214	(2)
Breaking the links	216	(2)
Conclusion	218	(1)
Questions for discussion	218	(1)
Guide to further reading	219	(1)
Web links	219	(1)
References	220	(3)
11 Violent crime	223	(22)
Larry Ray
Introduction	223	(1)
Background	223	(1)
Violence, the body and the civilizing process	224	(3)
Patterns of violence	227	(2)
Aggression and masculinity	229	(4)
Violence in the private sphere	233	(3)
Racist violence	236	(1)
Explaining racist violence	237	(2)
Homicides	239	(2)
Conclusion	241	(1)
Questions for discussion	241	(1)
Guide to further reading	241	(1)
Web links	242	(1)
References	242	(2)
Notes	244	(1)
12 Sex crime	245	(22)
Terry Thomas
Introduction	245	(1)
Background	245	(1)
Consent or free agreement	246	(3)
Criminal processes	249	(3)
Civil measures	252	(6)
Public access to the 'register'?	258	(1)
The 'possibly' dangerous	259	(3)
Conclusion	262	(1)
Questions for discussion	263	(1)
Guide to further reading	263	(1)
Web links	263	(1)
References	264	(3)
13 Corporate crime	267	(22)
Steve Tombs
Introduction	267	(1)
Background	267	(1)
Dimensions of corporate crime	268	(3)
The invisibility of corporate crime	271	(2)
The 'causes' of corporate crime	273	(4)
'Controlling' corporate crime	277	(4)
Conclusion	281	(1)
Questions for discussion	282	(1)
Guide to further reading	283	(1)
Web links	284	(1)
References	284	(2)
Notes	286	(3)
14 Understanding organized crime	289	(18)
Paddy Rawlinson
Introduction	289	(1)
Background	289	(1)
What is this 'thing' called organized crime?	290	(3)
Organized crime in the USA	293	(3)
Transnational organized crime	296	(2)
Theories and methods	298	(2)
Madness in their methods	300	(1)
Conclusion	301	(2)
Questions for discussion	303	(1)
Guide to further reading	303	(1)
Web links	304	(1)
References	305	(2)
15 Terrorism and the politics of fear	307	(16)
Frank Furedi
Introduction	307	(1)
Background	307	(1)
Interpreting terrorism	308	(6)
Contemporary terrorism	314	(5)
Conclusion	319	(1)
Questions for discussion	320	(1)
Guide to further reading	320	(1)
Web links	321	(1)
References	321	(2)
PART III Social dimensions of crime	323	(102)
16 Economic marginalization, social exclusion and crime	325	(20)
Chris Hale
Introduction	325	(1)
Background	325	(1)
Why might economic conditions affect the level of crime?	326	(5)
What is the evidence for a relationship between crime and the economy?	331	(5)
Crime, the underclass and social exclusion	336	(2)
Victims, inequality and crime	338	(1)
Conclusion	339	(1)
Questions for discussion	340	(1)
Guide to further reading	340	(1)
Web links	340	(1)
References	341	(1)
Notes	342	(3)
17 Gender and crime	345	(22)
Catrin Smith
Introduction	345	(1)
Background	345	(2)
Sex and crime	347	(2)
Women, femininity(ies) and crime	349	(4)
Men, masculinities and crime	353	(5)
Gender and the criminal justice system	358	(3)
Conclusion	361	(1)
Questions for discussion	361	(1)
Guide to further reading	362	(1)
Web links	362	(1)
References	363	(4)
18 'Race', ethnicity and crime	367	(18)
Olga Heaven and Barbara Hudson
Introduction	367	(1)
Background	368	(2)
Getting tough on crime?	370	(6)
The tabloid press: creating moral panics	376	(1)
FPWP/HIBISCUS: A case study in the social construction of crime	377	(3)
Conclusion	380	(1)
Questions for discussion	381	(1)
Guide to further reading	381	(1)
Web links	381	(1)
References	382	(3)
19 Young people and crime	385	(18)
Derek Kirton
Introduction	385	(1)
Background	385	(2)
The development of youth justice in England and Wales	387	(5)
Understanding youth crime	392	(3)
Young people, crime and social divisions	395	(1)
Contemporary youth justice and future directions	396	(3)
Conclusion	399	(1)
Questions for discussion	400	(1)
Guide to further reading	400	(1)
Web links	401	(1)
References	401	(2)
20 Older offenders, crime and the criminal justice system	403	(22)
Azrini Wahidin
Introduction	403	(1)
Background	403	(6)
Lost offenders in forgotten places	409	(1)
A historical view of older offenders	410	(2)
Elders in prison	412	(2)
Age-sensitive policy recommendations	414	(3)
Conclusion	417	(2)
Questions for discussion	419	(1)
Guide to further reading	419	(1)
Web links	419	(1)
References	420	(3)
Notes	423	(2)
PART IV Responses to crime	425	(142)
21 The politics of law and order	427	(20)
Chris Hale
Introduction	427	(1)
Background	428	(2)
A brief introduction to recorded crime and the politics of law and order in the UK since 1945	430	(3)
Crime, economy and the politics of law and order: 1945-70	433	(2)
Crime, economy and the politics of law and order: 1970-92	435	(3)
Crime, economy and the politics of law and order post 1992	438	(4)
Conclusion	442	(1)
Questions for discussion	443	(1)
Guide to further reading	443	(1)
Web links	443	(1)
References	444	(1)
Notes	445	(2)
22 The criminal justice system	447	(24)
Steve Uglow
Introduction	447	(1)
Background	448	(4)
The police	452	(2)
Prosecution	454	(1)
The decision to prosecute	455	(1)
Legal representation for the defendant	456	(1)
The courts	457	(2)
Magistrates and clerks	459	(1)
The Crown Court	460	(1)
Sentencing and the correctional system	461	(1)
Appeals	462	(2)
The European Court of Human Rights	464	(1)
Conclusion	465	(1)
Questions for discussion	466	(1)
Guide to further reading	466	(1)
Web links	467	(1)
References	468	(1)
Notes	468	(3)
23 Surveillance	471	(22)
Richard Jones
Introduction	471	(1)
Background	471	(1)
Theories of surveillance	472	(7)
Surveillance technologies	479	(8)
The 'architecture' of surveillance and monitoring	487	(3)
Conclusion	490	(1)
Questions for discussion	490	(1)
Guide to further reading	491	(1)
Web links	491	(1)
References	491	(2)
24 'Victims'	493	(16)
Brian Williams
Introduction	493	(1)
Background	493	(3)
The reactions and needs of victims of crime	496	(1)
Obstacles to victim take-up of services and entitlements	497	(2)
Effectiveness and international comparisons	499	(4)
Conclusion	503	(1)
Questions for discussion	504	(1)
Guide to further reading	504	(1)
Web links	504	(1)
References	505	(2)
Notes	507	(2)
25 Policing	509	(18)
Trevor Jones
Introduction	509	(1)
Background	509	(2)
Policing functions	511	(3)
Key debates in contemporary policing	514	(7)
Conclusion	521	(1)
Questions for discussion	521	(1)
Guide to further reading	522	(1)
Web links	522	(1)
References	523	(4)
26 Punishment in the community	527	(20)
Anne Worrall
Introduction	527	(1)
Background	527	(2)
Types of community sentences and sentencing trends	529	(5)
The National Probation Service and National Offender Management Service (NOMS)	534	(1)
Ways of understanding the politics of punishment in the community	535	(2)
Diversity and community punishment	537	(2)
Soft options? Community sentences and populist punitiveness	539	(1)
Community sentences and the 'what works' agenda	540	(1)
Conclusion	541	(1)
Questions for discussion	542	(1)
Guide to further reading	542	(1)
Web links	543	(1)
References	543	(4)
27 Prisons	547	(20)
Deborah Cheney
Introduction	547	(1)
Background	547	(1)
Prison service structure and accountability	548	(4)
Who are the prisoners?	552	(4)
How prisons are run	556	(4)
What about justice in prison?	560	(2)
Conclusion	562	(1)
Questions for discussion	563	(1)
Guide to further reading	563	(1)
Web links	564	(1)
References	564	(3)
GLOSSARY OF TERMS	567	(10)
SUBJECT INDEX	577	(10)
NAMES INDEX	587